UNIT 2 biomedical
... The oxygenated blood enters in to left auricle. Left auricle pumps blood in to left ventricle. To work the cardiovascular system properly , the atria and ...
... The oxygenated blood enters in to left auricle. Left auricle pumps blood in to left ventricle. To work the cardiovascular system properly , the atria and ...
Pitfalls of Atrial Advancement Using a Ventricular Extra
... terminalis. This case demonstrated the importance of the ventricular pacing site corresponding to the AP location in order to evaluate the operative AP conduction. To improve the diagnostic utility of a single His-refractory VES during the tachycardia, the VES should be delivered to the ventricular ...
... terminalis. This case demonstrated the importance of the ventricular pacing site corresponding to the AP location in order to evaluate the operative AP conduction. To improve the diagnostic utility of a single His-refractory VES during the tachycardia, the VES should be delivered to the ventricular ...
Lone Atrial Fibrillation: Risk Factors, Triggers And Ablation
... in LAF patients has been described in several studies. In a follow-up study Weijs et al showed that clinical important CAD occurred twice as often in LAF patients compared to controls. Furthermore, LAF patients were younger at the time of onset and developed a more severe disease profile (heart fail ...
... in LAF patients has been described in several studies. In a follow-up study Weijs et al showed that clinical important CAD occurred twice as often in LAF patients compared to controls. Furthermore, LAF patients were younger at the time of onset and developed a more severe disease profile (heart fail ...
Are Sinus Node Dysfunction and Pacemaker
... certain mode of pacing as AAIR is more common than DDDR mode of pacing responsible for causing atrial fibrillation. ...
... certain mode of pacing as AAIR is more common than DDDR mode of pacing responsible for causing atrial fibrillation. ...
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
... The Cl inic a l Probl e m Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a life-threatening disorder that follows exposure to unfractionated or (less commonly) low-molecular-weight heparin. Patients classically present with a low platelet count (<150,000 per cubic millimeter) or a relative decrease of 50 perce ...
... The Cl inic a l Probl e m Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a life-threatening disorder that follows exposure to unfractionated or (less commonly) low-molecular-weight heparin. Patients classically present with a low platelet count (<150,000 per cubic millimeter) or a relative decrease of 50 perce ...
Ultrafast Computed Tomography Analysis of Regional Radius
... moderate severity (regurgitant fraction, 225%). Radius and wall thickness dimensions were calculated by two different methods. In method 1, the average radius and wall thickness were determined for each planimetric transaxial tomographic image. In method 2, the left ventricle was three-dimensionally ...
... moderate severity (regurgitant fraction, 225%). Radius and wall thickness dimensions were calculated by two different methods. In method 1, the average radius and wall thickness were determined for each planimetric transaxial tomographic image. In method 2, the left ventricle was three-dimensionally ...
silent ischemia and diabetes mellitus
... minimal or no physical activity (13,14,16) and ambulatory monitoring studies have shown relatively small increases in the heart rate immediately preceding silent ischemic episodes, which is in contrast to the prominent increases during exercise testing (14,15). Other reports suggest that increased m ...
... minimal or no physical activity (13,14,16) and ambulatory monitoring studies have shown relatively small increases in the heart rate immediately preceding silent ischemic episodes, which is in contrast to the prominent increases during exercise testing (14,15). Other reports suggest that increased m ...
Full Text
... ALCAPA because of the unique intrauterine fetal circulation; in the fetal circulation system, oxygen levels are equal between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta. Shortly after birth, a decrease in pressure, resistance and the oxygen content of the pulmonary artery leads to hypoperfusion of the ...
... ALCAPA because of the unique intrauterine fetal circulation; in the fetal circulation system, oxygen levels are equal between the main pulmonary artery and the aorta. Shortly after birth, a decrease in pressure, resistance and the oxygen content of the pulmonary artery leads to hypoperfusion of the ...
Tetrodotoxin Sensitivity of the Vertebrate Cardiac Na+ Current
... the chick heart in the range of 10–20 nM suggesting that the avian cardiac INa is TTX-sensitive [22,23]. On the other hand, [3H]TTX or [3H]STX binding experiments suggest that, similar to the mammalian cardiac Na+ channels, the chick cardiac Na+ channels have low affinity to guanidium toxins [19,24] ...
... the chick heart in the range of 10–20 nM suggesting that the avian cardiac INa is TTX-sensitive [22,23]. On the other hand, [3H]TTX or [3H]STX binding experiments suggest that, similar to the mammalian cardiac Na+ channels, the chick cardiac Na+ channels have low affinity to guanidium toxins [19,24] ...
Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia after Congenital Heart Surgery
... of JET and is therefore the first-line treatment option to restore sinus rhythm and slow the heart rate (1, 8, 27). Amiodarone should be administered whenever JET leads to hemodynamic instability. Possible dosing regimens include the intravenous administration of one or two loading boluses of 5 mg/k ...
... of JET and is therefore the first-line treatment option to restore sinus rhythm and slow the heart rate (1, 8, 27). Amiodarone should be administered whenever JET leads to hemodynamic instability. Possible dosing regimens include the intravenous administration of one or two loading boluses of 5 mg/k ...
Influence of extent of muscle shortening and heart rate
... done by cardiac muscle. The work loop approach also makes it possible to examine separately the systolic work done during muscle shortening and the diastolic work involved in lengthening the muscle after a contraction. The magnitude of these work components are of special interest in the heart, wher ...
... done by cardiac muscle. The work loop approach also makes it possible to examine separately the systolic work done during muscle shortening and the diastolic work involved in lengthening the muscle after a contraction. The magnitude of these work components are of special interest in the heart, wher ...
systolic murmurs in 525 healthy young adults - Heart
... Much has been written by physicians about patients referred to them because of the discovery of a systolic murmur. Inevitably such consultant physicians have scant opportunity to judge the incidence, character, and significance of murmurs among apparently healthy people. Freeman and Levine (1933) de ...
... Much has been written by physicians about patients referred to them because of the discovery of a systolic murmur. Inevitably such consultant physicians have scant opportunity to judge the incidence, character, and significance of murmurs among apparently healthy people. Freeman and Levine (1933) de ...
Syncope: A Guideline for Primary Care Physicians
... Vasovagal/autonomic syncope is a benign condition that typically resolves spontaneously with maturation. Despite the fact that it is benign, frequent events may result in a decreased quality of life. Unfortunately, there is no single effective treatment. Patients and their families require reassuran ...
... Vasovagal/autonomic syncope is a benign condition that typically resolves spontaneously with maturation. Despite the fact that it is benign, frequent events may result in a decreased quality of life. Unfortunately, there is no single effective treatment. Patients and their families require reassuran ...
LQTS mutation N1325S in cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A
... and there were no significant differences between the two TGWTL10L10 lines with different copy numbers of the transgene (data not shown). Reduced LVFS in TG-NS hearts indicates left ventricular systolic dysfunction. It is interesting to note that the value of LVFS in hearts from TG-NSL12 mice decreas ...
... and there were no significant differences between the two TGWTL10L10 lines with different copy numbers of the transgene (data not shown). Reduced LVFS in TG-NS hearts indicates left ventricular systolic dysfunction. It is interesting to note that the value of LVFS in hearts from TG-NSL12 mice decreas ...
The Tei Index of Myocardial Performance
... was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for mortality, similar to the EF.6 The higher values of the Tei index in patients than in healthy individuals (0.85 ± 0.32 versus 0.37 ± 0.05) were attributable to prolongation of the isovolumic intervals and a shortening of ET. The Tei index was sig ...
... was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for mortality, similar to the EF.6 The higher values of the Tei index in patients than in healthy individuals (0.85 ± 0.32 versus 0.37 ± 0.05) were attributable to prolongation of the isovolumic intervals and a shortening of ET. The Tei index was sig ...
The impact of age on cardiac excitation
... and decrease in fractional shortening with age.1,3 Although contractility at rest does not appear to be affected by age,4-6 the ability to increase ejection fraction in response to activities such as exercise declines in older adults.1 Myocardial contraction is also prolonged and relaxation is incom ...
... and decrease in fractional shortening with age.1,3 Although contractility at rest does not appear to be affected by age,4-6 the ability to increase ejection fraction in response to activities such as exercise declines in older adults.1 Myocardial contraction is also prolonged and relaxation is incom ...
Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
... baffle procedure • It eliminates complications related to the superior limb of the atrial baffle • It reduces flow across an RV-pulmonary trunk conduit • It likely increases conduit longevity ...
... baffle procedure • It eliminates complications related to the superior limb of the atrial baffle • It reduces flow across an RV-pulmonary trunk conduit • It likely increases conduit longevity ...
Rho-Kinase Activation in Patients With Heart Failure - J
... coronary artery disease,10 acute ischemic stroke,11 pulmonary artery hypertension,12,13 smoking,14 metabolic syndrome,15 essential hypertension,16 and coronary spasm.17–19 We have previously demonstrated that Rho-kinase enhances myocardial stiffness, cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular fibrosis, and su ...
... coronary artery disease,10 acute ischemic stroke,11 pulmonary artery hypertension,12,13 smoking,14 metabolic syndrome,15 essential hypertension,16 and coronary spasm.17–19 We have previously demonstrated that Rho-kinase enhances myocardial stiffness, cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular fibrosis, and su ...
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... factor is that TIAs were included in our study in addition to stroke. The association of stroke/TIA history with lower SBP raises the possibility that cerebral hypoperfusion could be an important pathogenetic mechanism for stroke in patients with HF. Vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion in HF ...
... factor is that TIAs were included in our study in addition to stroke. The association of stroke/TIA history with lower SBP raises the possibility that cerebral hypoperfusion could be an important pathogenetic mechanism for stroke in patients with HF. Vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion in HF ...
Left Ventricular Dynamic Geometry in the Intact and Open Chest Dog
... stretching the rubber band shown in Figure 3. Lines I and II change length but not direction when the rubber band is stretched. These two lines are parallel FIGURE 2. The polar decomposition theorem states that any hoto the principal directions of the deformation; they mogeneous deformation can be d ...
... stretching the rubber band shown in Figure 3. Lines I and II change length but not direction when the rubber band is stretched. These two lines are parallel FIGURE 2. The polar decomposition theorem states that any hoto the principal directions of the deformation; they mogeneous deformation can be d ...
Vascular Pathophysiology in Response to Increased Heart Rate
... demonstrated that in patients with coronary heart disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, a resting heart rate ⬎70 beats/min was associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality as well as increased risk for hospitalization due to heart failure, myocardial infarction, or need for cor ...
... demonstrated that in patients with coronary heart disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, a resting heart rate ⬎70 beats/min was associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality as well as increased risk for hospitalization due to heart failure, myocardial infarction, or need for cor ...
Cardiac contractility modulation
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Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.