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T The Basics of Neonatal EKG Interpretation C
T The Basics of Neonatal EKG Interpretation C

... relatively minor. The differences between a neonate’s EKG EKG pattern and alter measurements.) Time is measured on and the EKG of an older patient are caused by the unique hemodynamics of fetal and transitional circulation, by overall , the horizontal axis, reading left to right. Each small square e ...
New QT and JT correction methods in right bundle branch block in
New QT and JT correction methods in right bundle branch block in

... Introduction: QT interval prolongation on the surface ECG is a marker of abnormal repolarization and the potential for arhythmogenesis. In patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB), the assessment of ventricular repolarization remains controversial. We set out to compute the best derived QT and ...
Heart Transplantation and Exercise, in Adults
Heart Transplantation and Exercise, in Adults

... - Grading is based on a 0 to 4 scale in which all of the points are tallied together for a final score • Cardiorespiratory function and endurance –Assess HR, BP, and respiratory rate during quiet rest and with activity –The 6-minute walk test for distance, administered in a hospital setting, was fou ...
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT OF SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT OF SYSTOLIC FUNCTION

... diagnostic problems appear for patients with systemic right ventricle (RV), single ventricle physiology or univentricular heart (UVH) corrected by Fontan procedure. Finding a common methodology for ECHO evaluation of ventricular function in hearts with completely different ventricular geometry, cont ...
RH Keldermann, MP Nash, H. Gelderblom, VY Wang and AV Panfilov
RH Keldermann, MP Nash, H. Gelderblom, VY Wang and AV Panfilov

... Refs. 34, 37, 38) and may have both proarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic consequences. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not well understood. One of the problems in experimental studies of mechanoelectrical feedback is that it is difficult to control and record both the electrical a ...
- Carolina Digital Repository
- Carolina Digital Repository

... atrial pressures, and b) a firm LV chamber in systole that ejects the stroke volume (volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat) at arterial pressures (Wang & Nagueh, 2009). In addition, the stroke volume (SV) must accommodate to meet the metabolic needs of the body, as wi ...
Understanding Heart Failure
Understanding Heart Failure

... classification and American College of Cardiology (ACC) classification are the most commonly used systems. The NYHA system classifies heart failure in one of four categories based on your symptoms. ...
Chapter 20 - Coastal Bend College
Chapter 20 - Coastal Bend College

... • Blood pushing out of the ventricle causes enough pressure to push the semilunar valves open while at the same time causing the atrioventricular valves to seal with the help of the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscle. As the ventricle relaxes the semilunar valves get sucked back effectively ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... showed a noncompacted layer comprised of excessive networks of hypertrabeculation that included both anastomosing, polypoid structures and fine, small trabeculae (Fig 5). Collectively, these findings are consistent with biventricular noncompaction patterns reported in humans with LVNC.3,4 Sections fro ...
Dispersion of QT interval in patients with and without
Dispersion of QT interval in patients with and without

... with inducible ventricular fibrillation or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. All patients with a previous myocardial infarction were examined by means of cardiac catheterization, coronary angiography and programmed electrical stimulation. A 12-lead surface ECG at a paper speed of 50 rnm/s was rec ...
Reproducibility of left ventricular myocardial volume and mass
Reproducibility of left ventricular myocardial volume and mass

... underwent serial ullrafasl computsd tomographic studies following a Qmtoco~ designed for the evaluation of myocardial blood flow at 0. 2 and ?4 h after applicalion of a 13.mp slow release nitroglycerin or placebo dermal palch Lefi ventricular myocardial volume was calculaled III the three ultrafasl ...
Cardiology in the Young Atrial structure in the presence of visceral
Cardiology in the Young Atrial structure in the presence of visceral

Heart
Heart

... • Myocardial infarction—sudden death of a patch of myocardium resulting from long-term obstruction of coronary circulation – Atheroma (blood clot or fatty deposit) often obstructs coronary arteries – Cardiac muscle downstream of the blockage dies – Heavy pressure or squeezing pain radiating into the ...
Cardiac Output WHY?
Cardiac Output WHY?

... Association ...
Prognostic Significance of Baseline Heart Rate and Its
Prognostic Significance of Baseline Heart Rate and Its

... demonstrated by Kaplan–Meier survival curves (Figure 1). A blunted nocturnal HR dipping was not a predictor of any of the endpoints. Table 3 shows the prognostic value of fast and slow HRs in patients stratified by beta-blocker use at baseline. The worse prognosis associated with fast HRs was observ ...
ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines
ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines

... Clinic (14). As expected, the elderly patients (aged greater than or equal to 65 years) had more comorbidity and achieved a lower workload than their younger counterparts. They also had a significantly worse unadjusted survival. Workload expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs) was the only treadmi ...
Transthoracic echocardiography in the perioperative setting
Transthoracic echocardiography in the perioperative setting

... issue for the anesthesiologist in the perioperative period. To ensure this, hemodynamic monitoring tools are applied, including continuous electrocardiogram, systemic and central venous blood pressure, arterial blood samples, central venous oxygenation and cardiac output. However, standard hemodynam ...
Histological architecture of cardiac myofibers composing the left
Histological architecture of cardiac myofibers composing the left

... Material and methods: Six healthy adult male C57BL/6N mice were utilized. Their hearts were separated into atria and ventricles. Then, both ventricles were divided into four levels [base, upper mid, lower mid and apex]. Paraffin step-serial transverse sections were stained with H&E and Masson’s tric ...
Shock - Yale medStation
Shock - Yale medStation

... • Represents all the factors that contribute to passive ventricular wall stress at the end of diastole ...
THE TOTAL CAVOPULMONARY CONNECTION RESISTANCE: A
THE TOTAL CAVOPULMONARY CONNECTION RESISTANCE: A

... catheterization data to 11 WU for both the normal and the SV circulation. 3.) There is also a significant impact of the pulmonary system and the lungs during exercise, especially in Fontan patients, where the negative intra-thoracic pressure greatly augments flow. Studies have reported a 40% drop in ...
Isorhythmic AV Dissociation
Isorhythmic AV Dissociation

... R-P interval of 0.12 sec was reached at the end of the top strip. The P then moved to the left relative to the QRS, so that by the end of the bottom strip, the P was 0.21 sec before the QRS. This oscillation of the P about the QRS was repeated continuously, with a period of about 20 sec. The correla ...
ACLS
ACLS

... rhythms requires both basic life support (BLS) and advanced ...
Table 1
Table 1

... Figure 2, TO during the last 15-min period before AF was significantly less negative compared with the 60 to 45 min preceding the AF episode (1.67 ⫾ 2.53 vs. ⫺0.41 ⫾ 2.46; p ⬍ 0.05 tested with the paired-samples Student t test). There were 87 short (⬍200 s) and 63 long (⬎200 s) episodes of AF. In th ...
Electromechanical wavebreak in a model of the human left ventricle
Electromechanical wavebreak in a model of the human left ventricle

... Refs. 34, 37, 38) and may have both proarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic consequences. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not well understood. One of the problems in experimental studies of mechanoelectrical feedback is that it is difficult to control and record both the electrical a ...
PATHOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
PATHOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

... The myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle, (myocytes) similar to skeletal muscle, and therefore responds to injury much like skeletal muscle and vice versa. Cardiac muscle has a greater liability because of its continual activity and dependence on aerobic glycolysis. The papillary muscles of the ...
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Cardiac contractility modulation



Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.
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