Sensory Pathways
... • Thermoreceptors • Also called temperature receptors • Conducted along the same pathways that carry pain sensations • Are free nerve endings located in: • The dermis ...
... • Thermoreceptors • Also called temperature receptors • Conducted along the same pathways that carry pain sensations • Are free nerve endings located in: • The dermis ...
The role responses of expression and identity in the face
... As tested on a two-way ANOVA, 15 neurons showed response differences to different identities independently of expression, and 9 neurons showed responses to different expressions independently of identity. Three neurons showed significant effects of both factors. Six of the neurons with responses rel ...
... As tested on a two-way ANOVA, 15 neurons showed response differences to different identities independently of expression, and 9 neurons showed responses to different expressions independently of identity. Three neurons showed significant effects of both factors. Six of the neurons with responses rel ...
Cerebellar Abnormalities Based on Chemical Neuroanatomy
... rolling mouse cerebellum, RyR1 expression in Purkinje cells was uniformly reduced through all cerebellar lobules [47]. Such expressional change in RyR1 may be linked with the expression of the mutated Cav2.1 channel because of the co-presence of RyR1 and Cav2.1 channel immunostaining in the rolling ...
... rolling mouse cerebellum, RyR1 expression in Purkinje cells was uniformly reduced through all cerebellar lobules [47]. Such expressional change in RyR1 may be linked with the expression of the mutated Cav2.1 channel because of the co-presence of RyR1 and Cav2.1 channel immunostaining in the rolling ...
Decoding a Temporal Population Code
... continuous processing with no stimulus-triggered resets. We find a large range of classification performance, showing that the no-reset strategy is significantly outperformed by the different types of stimulus-triggered initializations. Building on these results, we discuss possible implementations ...
... continuous processing with no stimulus-triggered resets. We find a large range of classification performance, showing that the no-reset strategy is significantly outperformed by the different types of stimulus-triggered initializations. Building on these results, we discuss possible implementations ...
48-nervous text - Everglades High School
... A microelectrode is made from a glass capillary tube filled with an electrically conductive salt solution. One end of the tube tapers to an extremely fine tip (diameter < 1 µm). While looking through a microscope, the experimenter uses a micropositioner to insert the tip of the microelectrode into a ...
... A microelectrode is made from a glass capillary tube filled with an electrically conductive salt solution. One end of the tube tapers to an extremely fine tip (diameter < 1 µm). While looking through a microscope, the experimenter uses a micropositioner to insert the tip of the microelectrode into a ...
Physiology and mathematical modeling of the auditory system
... frequencies (tones) and the preferred frequencies vary more-or-less continuously with position of the cell. Notice also that both pathways starting at the cochlear nuclei are bilateral. The consequence of this is that localized brain lesions anywhere along the auditory pathway usually have no obviou ...
... frequencies (tones) and the preferred frequencies vary more-or-less continuously with position of the cell. Notice also that both pathways starting at the cochlear nuclei are bilateral. The consequence of this is that localized brain lesions anywhere along the auditory pathway usually have no obviou ...
Neural Network Dynamics
... Understanding how neural circuitry generates complex patterns of activity is challenging, and it is even more difficult to build models of this type that remain sensitive to sensory input. In mathematical terms, we need to understand how a system can reconcile a rich internal state structure with a h ...
... Understanding how neural circuitry generates complex patterns of activity is challenging, and it is even more difficult to build models of this type that remain sensitive to sensory input. In mathematical terms, we need to understand how a system can reconcile a rich internal state structure with a h ...
PDF
... P2X2 channels expressed selectively in circumscribed groups of cells (Zemelman et al., 2003; Lima and Miesenböck, 2005). When targeted optical activation of dopaminergic neurons in TH-GAL4:UAS-P2X2 flies (Friggi-Grelin et al., 2003; Lima and Miesenböck, 2005) was made contingent upon entry into on ...
... P2X2 channels expressed selectively in circumscribed groups of cells (Zemelman et al., 2003; Lima and Miesenböck, 2005). When targeted optical activation of dopaminergic neurons in TH-GAL4:UAS-P2X2 flies (Friggi-Grelin et al., 2003; Lima and Miesenböck, 2005) was made contingent upon entry into on ...
Fast and slow neurons in the nucleus of the
... Similarly, the IR plot in Fig. 1A also contains two peaks of approximately equal size. In total, 13 ER plots and ten IR plots showed multiple peaks. Wylie and Crowder [17] reported similar properties for LM neurons (26% of the ER and IR plots had multiple peaks). In some cases, for a given neuron, t ...
... Similarly, the IR plot in Fig. 1A also contains two peaks of approximately equal size. In total, 13 ER plots and ten IR plots showed multiple peaks. Wylie and Crowder [17] reported similar properties for LM neurons (26% of the ER and IR plots had multiple peaks). In some cases, for a given neuron, t ...
resource - Fujisawa lab
... Cell type–specific expression of optogenetic molecules allows temporally precise manipulation of targeted neuronal activity. Here we present a toolbox of four knock-in mouse lines engineered for strong, Cre-dependent expression of channelrhodopsins ChR2-tdTomato and ChR2-EYFP, halorhodopsin eNpHR3.0 ...
... Cell type–specific expression of optogenetic molecules allows temporally precise manipulation of targeted neuronal activity. Here we present a toolbox of four knock-in mouse lines engineered for strong, Cre-dependent expression of channelrhodopsins ChR2-tdTomato and ChR2-EYFP, halorhodopsin eNpHR3.0 ...
PDF - Molecules and Cells
... tified 35 proteins that show significantly different levels of phosphorylation between SP- and vehicle-treated cells (p < 0.1). Consistent with our prediction that SPR activation would reduce PKA activity, we found more proteins with reduced phosphorylation (21) than increased phosphorylation (14) ( ...
... tified 35 proteins that show significantly different levels of phosphorylation between SP- and vehicle-treated cells (p < 0.1). Consistent with our prediction that SPR activation would reduce PKA activity, we found more proteins with reduced phosphorylation (21) than increased phosphorylation (14) ( ...
Chapter 10 - Brands Delmar
... • Depolarization: Na+ rush inside cell • Repolarization: K+ rush out to restore balance • Depolarization: Repolarization moves in one direction • Myelinated vs. unmyelinated • All-or-none law ...
... • Depolarization: Na+ rush inside cell • Repolarization: K+ rush out to restore balance • Depolarization: Repolarization moves in one direction • Myelinated vs. unmyelinated • All-or-none law ...
Number, size and distribution of ganglion neurons in urinary bladder
... quantitative data on the neurons such as number and size, are available only for the Guinea-pig urinary bladder. In the urinary bladder of adult Guinea-pigs, counts on whole-mount preparations of entire bladders (Gabella, 1990) reveal the presence of 2000 to 2500 neurons per bladder, either as indiv ...
... quantitative data on the neurons such as number and size, are available only for the Guinea-pig urinary bladder. In the urinary bladder of adult Guinea-pigs, counts on whole-mount preparations of entire bladders (Gabella, 1990) reveal the presence of 2000 to 2500 neurons per bladder, either as indiv ...
L9 - Internal structure of brain stem new
... Lies in the central gray matter close to the median plane just posterior to the medial ...
... Lies in the central gray matter close to the median plane just posterior to the medial ...
neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment eliminates cholinergic
... as adults for SP-IR (Fig. 56). Such fibers were associated with the sweat glands of the 6-OHDA-treated animals at 7 days, the earliest time examined. In addition to the appearance of SP-IR fibers in the sweat glands, there was an increase in the number of SP-IR fibers in the dermis of the 6-OHDA-tre ...
... as adults for SP-IR (Fig. 56). Such fibers were associated with the sweat glands of the 6-OHDA-treated animals at 7 days, the earliest time examined. In addition to the appearance of SP-IR fibers in the sweat glands, there was an increase in the number of SP-IR fibers in the dermis of the 6-OHDA-tre ...
as a PDF
... facilitates glutamate actions at NMDA receptors [26,27,69,70]. D2 receptor activity attenuates glutamate actions at non-NMDA receptors [26,70]. Since the nonNMDA glutamate activity is necessary before the NMDA receptor can become activated, this selective amplification of the NMDA response should se ...
... facilitates glutamate actions at NMDA receptors [26,27,69,70]. D2 receptor activity attenuates glutamate actions at non-NMDA receptors [26,70]. Since the nonNMDA glutamate activity is necessary before the NMDA receptor can become activated, this selective amplification of the NMDA response should se ...
Estimating Fast Neural Input Using Anatomical and
... is typically used for linear interactions. To deal with nonlinear interactions, the more data intensive method called transfer entropy is applied (Vicente et al., 2011). To control for the influences of a third area (the common source problem) one can condition the interaction estimation on recordin ...
... is typically used for linear interactions. To deal with nonlinear interactions, the more data intensive method called transfer entropy is applied (Vicente et al., 2011). To control for the influences of a third area (the common source problem) one can condition the interaction estimation on recordin ...
The subiculum comes of age
... Understanding on the operations of inhibitory subicular circuits in vitro suggests that they will operate to maintain the specificity of information involved in the construction of spatial maps. As an animal explores an environment, afferent information on animal head direction and movement will reac ...
... Understanding on the operations of inhibitory subicular circuits in vitro suggests that they will operate to maintain the specificity of information involved in the construction of spatial maps. As an animal explores an environment, afferent information on animal head direction and movement will reac ...
Photoreception
... Cells communicate with each other electrically, through gap junctions, and chemically, using neurotransmitters. Chemical synaptic transmission allows nerve signals to be exchanged between cells which are electrically isolated from each other. The chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, provides a w ...
... Cells communicate with each other electrically, through gap junctions, and chemically, using neurotransmitters. Chemical synaptic transmission allows nerve signals to be exchanged between cells which are electrically isolated from each other. The chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, provides a w ...
Mechanisms of Plasticity of Inhibition in Chronic Pain Conditions
... The release of GABA/glycine can also be regulated by specific presynaptic receptors. In particular, GABAB and glutamate receptors are expressed on presynaptic inhibitory terminals and their activation can modulate the transmitter release (Chéry and De Koninck 2000; Kerchner et al. 2001; Hugel and Sc ...
... The release of GABA/glycine can also be regulated by specific presynaptic receptors. In particular, GABAB and glutamate receptors are expressed on presynaptic inhibitory terminals and their activation can modulate the transmitter release (Chéry and De Koninck 2000; Kerchner et al. 2001; Hugel and Sc ...
Three-Dimensional Gradients of Cytokine Signaling between T Cells
... Published: April 29, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Thurley et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are ...
... Published: April 29, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Thurley et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are ...
Formation of Complement Membrane Attack Complex in Mammalian
... the deposition of immune complexes in normal tissue. This complex system can be activated by diverse mechanisms proceeding through distinct pathways, yet all converge on a final common pathway in which five proteins assemble into a multimolecular complex, the membrane attack complex (MAC). The MAC i ...
... the deposition of immune complexes in normal tissue. This complex system can be activated by diverse mechanisms proceeding through distinct pathways, yet all converge on a final common pathway in which five proteins assemble into a multimolecular complex, the membrane attack complex (MAC). The MAC i ...
PDF
... CNS, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. We adopted the BrnAggs model from Dr Lynn Pulliam who refined a technique first described by DeLong to generate reaggregating cell cultures from fetal mouse isocortex and hippocampus (1). Dr Pulliam used BrnAggs to study human immunodeficiency ...
... CNS, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. We adopted the BrnAggs model from Dr Lynn Pulliam who refined a technique first described by DeLong to generate reaggregating cell cultures from fetal mouse isocortex and hippocampus (1). Dr Pulliam used BrnAggs to study human immunodeficiency ...
The Origin of Electromyograms - Explanations Based on the
... which force the subsystems to fmd a new equilibrium. Changes in muscle activation and forces as well as limb movement itself are a reflection of the dynamic processes associated with the transfer of the neuro-biomechanical system from one equilibrium state to another. The final equilibrium state ess ...
... which force the subsystems to fmd a new equilibrium. Changes in muscle activation and forces as well as limb movement itself are a reflection of the dynamic processes associated with the transfer of the neuro-biomechanical system from one equilibrium state to another. The final equilibrium state ess ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... Then write a paragraph discussing how and where a nerve impulse begins and name the components of a nerve pathway. ...
... Then write a paragraph discussing how and where a nerve impulse begins and name the components of a nerve pathway. ...