Distribution and characterisation of Glucagon-like peptide
... Objective: Although Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a key regulator of energy metabolism and food intake, the precise location of GLP-1 receptors and the physiological relevance of certain populations is debatable. This study investigated the novel GLP-1R-Cre mouse as a functional tool to address this qu ...
... Objective: Although Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a key regulator of energy metabolism and food intake, the precise location of GLP-1 receptors and the physiological relevance of certain populations is debatable. This study investigated the novel GLP-1R-Cre mouse as a functional tool to address this qu ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... the nucleus; numerous short protrusions from the cell body called dendrites; and a long thin structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to the next neuron in the network. One of the most studied networks in the human brain is the basal f ...
... the nucleus; numerous short protrusions from the cell body called dendrites; and a long thin structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to the next neuron in the network. One of the most studied networks in the human brain is the basal f ...
studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system
... phase, that of process outgrowth is the most clearly defined. This is because all neural branching structures are a consequence of a single phenomenon, the migration of growth cones during development, a truth which Cajal saw early and fought hard for (Hamburger, 1981), and which led Harrison to dev ...
... phase, that of process outgrowth is the most clearly defined. This is because all neural branching structures are a consequence of a single phenomenon, the migration of growth cones during development, a truth which Cajal saw early and fought hard for (Hamburger, 1981), and which led Harrison to dev ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... (t-S6), and the autophagosome marker LC3 and p62 (Figures 2A and 2F) in frozen BA21 brain samples from age-, gender-, and PMI- matched ASD patients and controls (demographic data in Table S3). To determine the relationship between mTOR activity and density of dendritic spines, we examined the protei ...
... (t-S6), and the autophagosome marker LC3 and p62 (Figures 2A and 2F) in frozen BA21 brain samples from age-, gender-, and PMI- matched ASD patients and controls (demographic data in Table S3). To determine the relationship between mTOR activity and density of dendritic spines, we examined the protei ...
The role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes in neurodegenerative
... (ALS), Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD) and polyglutamine disease, have arisen. NOX enzymes are transmembrane proteins and generate reactive oxygen species by transporting electrons across lipid membranes. Under normal healthy conditions, low levels of ROS produced by NOX enzymes have been shown t ...
... (ALS), Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD) and polyglutamine disease, have arisen. NOX enzymes are transmembrane proteins and generate reactive oxygen species by transporting electrons across lipid membranes. Under normal healthy conditions, low levels of ROS produced by NOX enzymes have been shown t ...
Ascending Sensory Pathways
... The ascending sensory pathways are the main avenues by which information concerning the body’s interaction with the external environment, its internal condition, and the position and movement of its parts, reach the brain. One similarity shared by all three ascending sensory pathways from the body ( ...
... The ascending sensory pathways are the main avenues by which information concerning the body’s interaction with the external environment, its internal condition, and the position and movement of its parts, reach the brain. One similarity shared by all three ascending sensory pathways from the body ( ...
Essentials in the neuronal organization of the CNS
... Nerve - Bundle of nerve fibers outside the central nervous system. Tract - Bundle of nerve fibers inside the central nervous system. ...
... Nerve - Bundle of nerve fibers outside the central nervous system. Tract - Bundle of nerve fibers inside the central nervous system. ...
Expression of ml-m4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Proteins in
... and diffusely in the neuropil, although each antibody resulted in a distinct pattern of staining. Neuronal staining typically filled the cytoplasm of the cells, except for m2 which frequently resulted in a margin of reaction product along the cell surface with much less immunoreactivity in the cytop ...
... and diffusely in the neuropil, although each antibody resulted in a distinct pattern of staining. Neuronal staining typically filled the cytoplasm of the cells, except for m2 which frequently resulted in a margin of reaction product along the cell surface with much less immunoreactivity in the cytop ...
Lateral olfactory processing
... mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circuit motifs are operative in early olfactory processing and what role they play in odor coding (Aungst et al 2003; McGann et al. 2005; Olsen et al. 2007; Shang et al. 200 ...
... mammalian olfactory bulb and its insect analog, the antennal lobe. These results are now beginning to elaborate which of these circuit motifs are operative in early olfactory processing and what role they play in odor coding (Aungst et al 2003; McGann et al. 2005; Olsen et al. 2007; Shang et al. 200 ...
Intracellular study of rat substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons in
... often appeared to have two components because of an inflection on the nsmg phase (e g,, Figs 5A, 7A). tential (Figs. 4C,D). Both of the Tl?X-reststant poThe amplitude of the initial depolarization showed tentials were augmented by application of TEA (data graded changes upon increase in the stimulus ...
... often appeared to have two components because of an inflection on the nsmg phase (e g,, Figs 5A, 7A). tential (Figs. 4C,D). Both of the Tl?X-reststant poThe amplitude of the initial depolarization showed tentials were augmented by application of TEA (data graded changes upon increase in the stimulus ...
21. Basal ganglion
... It lies lateral to the internal capsule and globus pallidus. It is separated from the globus pallidus by a thin lamina of nerve fibers ( the lateral medullary lamina ). Lateral to it lies a thin sheet of grey matter ( claustrum ) which separates the white matter into 2 layers, the external capsule a ...
... It lies lateral to the internal capsule and globus pallidus. It is separated from the globus pallidus by a thin lamina of nerve fibers ( the lateral medullary lamina ). Lateral to it lies a thin sheet of grey matter ( claustrum ) which separates the white matter into 2 layers, the external capsule a ...
LiuPoster - Department of Mathematics
... to whisker deflections. Whisker deflections first stimulate a specific group of neurons in the thalamus which send input to the barrel cortex. The barrel cortex is then able to detect synchrony levels in the thalamic neurons using phase delayed inhibition. Synchrony levels in the thalamus encodes wh ...
... to whisker deflections. Whisker deflections first stimulate a specific group of neurons in the thalamus which send input to the barrel cortex. The barrel cortex is then able to detect synchrony levels in the thalamic neurons using phase delayed inhibition. Synchrony levels in the thalamus encodes wh ...
Computational models of reinforcement learning
... action is taken, but are often delayed. The TD model typically does not account for such delays, thus new models have been developed to incorporate larger or variable delays between actions and rewards. One such model was designed to account for the change in activity of a VTA neuron during a delaye ...
... action is taken, but are often delayed. The TD model typically does not account for such delays, thus new models have been developed to incorporate larger or variable delays between actions and rewards. One such model was designed to account for the change in activity of a VTA neuron during a delaye ...
Advanced biomaterial strategies to transplant preformed micro
... to create tubular biomaterial micro-columns (less than half the diameter of a DBS lead) that allow for a well-controlled 3D environment with appropriate structural and chemical cues to support neuronal survival and their long distance axonal outgrowths in vitro. Our concept for nervous system repair ...
... to create tubular biomaterial micro-columns (less than half the diameter of a DBS lead) that allow for a well-controlled 3D environment with appropriate structural and chemical cues to support neuronal survival and their long distance axonal outgrowths in vitro. Our concept for nervous system repair ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... mutilated without undergoing destruction of their physiological continuity is in the highest degree astounding”. Romanes coupled his physiological knowledge with the histological information on nerve-net structure to put forward this analogy of the motor nerve net: “…if the reader will imagine a dis ...
... mutilated without undergoing destruction of their physiological continuity is in the highest degree astounding”. Romanes coupled his physiological knowledge with the histological information on nerve-net structure to put forward this analogy of the motor nerve net: “…if the reader will imagine a dis ...
Effects of activity-dependent strategies on regeneration and
... 2008). Besides, low but not high intensity treadmill training potentiates Schwann cell proliferation in the regenerating sciatic nerve in rats (Seo et al., 2009). It can be hypothesized that, when initiated in the denervation phase, moderate exercise results in accelerated functional sensorimotor re ...
... 2008). Besides, low but not high intensity treadmill training potentiates Schwann cell proliferation in the regenerating sciatic nerve in rats (Seo et al., 2009). It can be hypothesized that, when initiated in the denervation phase, moderate exercise results in accelerated functional sensorimotor re ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... The sympathetic (sim-pa -̆ thet ́ ik) division is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies. It is often referred to as the “fight-or-flight” division because increased sympathetic activity results in the increased alertness and metabolic activity needed in stressful or frighteni ...
... The sympathetic (sim-pa -̆ thet ́ ik) division is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies. It is often referred to as the “fight-or-flight” division because increased sympathetic activity results in the increased alertness and metabolic activity needed in stressful or frighteni ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... The structures of dendritic spines and the dendritic tree, key determinants of neuronal function, are regulated by diverse inputs that affect many scaffolding and signaling molecules. Nevertheless, here we show that reduced expression of a single gene results in loss of dendritic spines and a decrea ...
... The structures of dendritic spines and the dendritic tree, key determinants of neuronal function, are regulated by diverse inputs that affect many scaffolding and signaling molecules. Nevertheless, here we show that reduced expression of a single gene results in loss of dendritic spines and a decrea ...
The spinal trigeminal nucleus — considerations on the
... sponding to the mandibular, maxillary and ophthalmic nerve projections [3]. The marginal cells appear pear-shaped, rounded or polygonal and send axons grouped in fascicles towards the substantia gelatinosa. The substantia gelatinosa at the level of the caudal nucleus consists of rare cells, on avera ...
... sponding to the mandibular, maxillary and ophthalmic nerve projections [3]. The marginal cells appear pear-shaped, rounded or polygonal and send axons grouped in fascicles towards the substantia gelatinosa. The substantia gelatinosa at the level of the caudal nucleus consists of rare cells, on avera ...
innervation of the ventral diaphragm of the locust
... ganglion together with all dorsal nerves was still attached showed rhythmic spontaneous electrical activity of the muscle fibres (Fig. 6 a). Even in preparations to which only one abdominal ganglion was left attached, there was rhythmic electrical activity in the segments innervated by that ganglion ...
... ganglion together with all dorsal nerves was still attached showed rhythmic spontaneous electrical activity of the muscle fibres (Fig. 6 a). Even in preparations to which only one abdominal ganglion was left attached, there was rhythmic electrical activity in the segments innervated by that ganglion ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... Figure 1. Variability and drift of neuronal representations. (a) Example of single-cell drift. Cartoon showing a hypothetical population of nine cells at three different time points (t0, t1, t2). Cells are ‘tuned’ to three different features (blue, red and white). The average population output remai ...
... Figure 1. Variability and drift of neuronal representations. (a) Example of single-cell drift. Cartoon showing a hypothetical population of nine cells at three different time points (t0, t1, t2). Cells are ‘tuned’ to three different features (blue, red and white). The average population output remai ...
FREE Sample Here
... Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biological-psychology-9th-edition-james-kala ...
... Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-biological-psychology-9th-edition-james-kala ...
Article - Dynamic Connectome Lab
... neuronal dynamics, including optical imaging methods (voltage-sensitive dye imaging, calcium imaging, intrinsic signal optical imaging), intracellular electrode recordings of individual neurons, and extracellular recordings using single or multiple electrodes (Brette and Destexhe 2012). While each m ...
... neuronal dynamics, including optical imaging methods (voltage-sensitive dye imaging, calcium imaging, intrinsic signal optical imaging), intracellular electrode recordings of individual neurons, and extracellular recordings using single or multiple electrodes (Brette and Destexhe 2012). While each m ...
D5 (Not D1) Dopamine Receptors Potentiate Burst
... Single-cell RT-PCR procedures. In some experiments, the cellular content was harvested for reverse transcription after the neurons were held in a whole-cell configuration for 5–20 min. Reverse transcription and PCR were performed using protocols similar to those described by Maurice et al. (2001). T ...
... Single-cell RT-PCR procedures. In some experiments, the cellular content was harvested for reverse transcription after the neurons were held in a whole-cell configuration for 5–20 min. Reverse transcription and PCR were performed using protocols similar to those described by Maurice et al. (2001). T ...