Word Definition 12 Cranial Nerve innervation of
... Stimulation of axons that results in action potentials that travel in a direction opposite to the normal (physiological) direction. When such action potentials reach the cell body of the axon, the waveform contains no indication of a synaptic trigger, and thus a physiologist can discriminate antidro ...
... Stimulation of axons that results in action potentials that travel in a direction opposite to the normal (physiological) direction. When such action potentials reach the cell body of the axon, the waveform contains no indication of a synaptic trigger, and thus a physiologist can discriminate antidro ...
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... Roman numerical indicate cranial nerves and OV= otic vesicle. Scale bar 250 µm. Mammalian SAN nuclei have been localized in adults of many animal species, based on retrograde labeling with a variety of tracers (HRP, DiI, fluorescent tracers or cobalt placed in the cucullaris muscle or directly into ...
... Roman numerical indicate cranial nerves and OV= otic vesicle. Scale bar 250 µm. Mammalian SAN nuclei have been localized in adults of many animal species, based on retrograde labeling with a variety of tracers (HRP, DiI, fluorescent tracers or cobalt placed in the cucullaris muscle or directly into ...
Stem cell factor induces outgrowth of c-kit-positive
... Mice of WB-(+/+, W/+, Sl/+) and C57BL/6-(+/+, W42/+, Sld/+) were maintained in our laboratory. The W mutant allele results in a deletion of the transmembrane domain of the c-kit receptor. Mast cells of W/W genotype completely lack c-kit receptors on the surface (Nocka et al., 1990; Reith et al., 199 ...
... Mice of WB-(+/+, W/+, Sl/+) and C57BL/6-(+/+, W42/+, Sld/+) were maintained in our laboratory. The W mutant allele results in a deletion of the transmembrane domain of the c-kit receptor. Mast cells of W/W genotype completely lack c-kit receptors on the surface (Nocka et al., 1990; Reith et al., 199 ...
a few sensory concepts, 100416
... Generator potentials are produced by dendrites of free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings, and olfactory receptors (that is, first-order neurons). ...
... Generator potentials are produced by dendrites of free nerve endings, encapsulated nerve endings, and olfactory receptors (that is, first-order neurons). ...
The speed of learning instructed stimulus
... able to reply before learning was completed, causing increased response times for short intervals. Answering the second question was more convoluted. First, we established what anatomical pathways were most likely to support fast learning (section 3). Secondly, we used pathway assumptions to analyse ...
... able to reply before learning was completed, causing increased response times for short intervals. Answering the second question was more convoluted. First, we established what anatomical pathways were most likely to support fast learning (section 3). Secondly, we used pathway assumptions to analyse ...
Reprint (1.52 MB PDF)
... researchers have recorded and electrically stimulated cultured networks at multiple spatial locations (Gross et al., 1993b; Tateno and Jimbo, 1999; Shahaf and Marom, 2001). We developed a closed-loop paradigm (Potter et al., 1997; DeMarse et al., 2001; Potter et al., 2004) consisting of a sensory-mo ...
... researchers have recorded and electrically stimulated cultured networks at multiple spatial locations (Gross et al., 1993b; Tateno and Jimbo, 1999; Shahaf and Marom, 2001). We developed a closed-loop paradigm (Potter et al., 1997; DeMarse et al., 2001; Potter et al., 2004) consisting of a sensory-mo ...
Activities of the Primary and Supplementary Motor Areas Increase in
... offset, that Bereitschaftspotential (BP) occurs before the voluntary muscle relaxation, and it shows the similar scalp topography to that preceding the voluntary muscle contraction (Terada et al., 1995). This finding suggests that almost the same areas may play an active role in both the muscle rela ...
... offset, that Bereitschaftspotential (BP) occurs before the voluntary muscle relaxation, and it shows the similar scalp topography to that preceding the voluntary muscle contraction (Terada et al., 1995). This finding suggests that almost the same areas may play an active role in both the muscle rela ...
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... plays important roles in other systems where the timing of neurogenesis is a key factor in controlling neuronal fate and numbers, such as the developing cortex. We show here that Gde2 is expressed in postmitotic cortical neurons throughout the period of cortical neurogenesis. By analyzing conditiona ...
... plays important roles in other systems where the timing of neurogenesis is a key factor in controlling neuronal fate and numbers, such as the developing cortex. We show here that Gde2 is expressed in postmitotic cortical neurons throughout the period of cortical neurogenesis. By analyzing conditiona ...
Human Nervous System
... • The cranial nerves are arranged in 12 pairs, so the two nerves on a pair are identical in function and structure. • These nerves serve both sensory and motor functions. ...
... • The cranial nerves are arranged in 12 pairs, so the two nerves on a pair are identical in function and structure. • These nerves serve both sensory and motor functions. ...
kwanPNAS08
... neocortex development 兩 postmitotic mechanisms 兩 pyramidal neurons 兩 Sox genes 兩 transcriptional enhancer ...
... neocortex development 兩 postmitotic mechanisms 兩 pyramidal neurons 兩 Sox genes 兩 transcriptional enhancer ...
Common Mechanisms Underlying Growth Cone Guidance and Axon
... Kaethner and Stuermer, 1992; Sretavan and Reichhardt, 1993; Godement et al., 1994; Halloran and Kalil, 1994; Mason and Wang, 1997). We have used time-lapse video microscopy in slice preparations of early postnatal cortex to show that over many hours of development, growth cones in different regions ...
... Kaethner and Stuermer, 1992; Sretavan and Reichhardt, 1993; Godement et al., 1994; Halloran and Kalil, 1994; Mason and Wang, 1997). We have used time-lapse video microscopy in slice preparations of early postnatal cortex to show that over many hours of development, growth cones in different regions ...
Distribution of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding
... The intensive staining of p-CREB-1 in the GCL suggested positive phosphorylation of CREB-1 in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The retinal neurons were labeled with microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) or THY1.1, the specific cellular makers for neurons and retinal ganglion cells, respectively. As ...
... The intensive staining of p-CREB-1 in the GCL suggested positive phosphorylation of CREB-1 in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The retinal neurons were labeled with microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) or THY1.1, the specific cellular makers for neurons and retinal ganglion cells, respectively. As ...
chapter15
... The Puzzle of Olfactory Quality • Researchers have found it difficult to map perceptual experience onto physical attributes of odorants because • there is no specific language for odor quality. • some molecules that have similar structure smell different, and some that have different structures sme ...
... The Puzzle of Olfactory Quality • Researchers have found it difficult to map perceptual experience onto physical attributes of odorants because • there is no specific language for odor quality. • some molecules that have similar structure smell different, and some that have different structures sme ...
Ch15aa
... The Puzzle of Olfactory Quality • Researchers have found it difficult to map perceptual experience onto physical attributes of odorants because • there is no specific language for odor quality. • some molecules that have similar structure smell different, and some that have different structures sme ...
... The Puzzle of Olfactory Quality • Researchers have found it difficult to map perceptual experience onto physical attributes of odorants because • there is no specific language for odor quality. • some molecules that have similar structure smell different, and some that have different structures sme ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) was injected into specific brain regions where the majority of PHAL/pro-TRHcontaining, double-labeled axons were found in the anterograde tract-tracing experiment (0.5% CTB, 6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second ...
... The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) was injected into specific brain regions where the majority of PHAL/pro-TRHcontaining, double-labeled axons were found in the anterograde tract-tracing experiment (0.5% CTB, 6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second ...
Leptin Receptor Signaling and Action in the Central Nervous System
... of the adiposity-independent regulation of glucose metabolism by leptin is also mediated through the ARH (22). It is clear, however, that ARH leptin action represents only one component of leptin action on energy balance, because the deletion of LRb from POMC neurons results in a relatively modest o ...
... of the adiposity-independent regulation of glucose metabolism by leptin is also mediated through the ARH (22). It is clear, however, that ARH leptin action represents only one component of leptin action on energy balance, because the deletion of LRb from POMC neurons results in a relatively modest o ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... which in weak responses fired upon arrival of late internuncial volleys, in response to strong shocks fired when stimulated either by the impulses of the initial (f) volley or by the early internuncial volleys, and they could not fire again for the remainder of the response. The late internuncial vo ...
... which in weak responses fired upon arrival of late internuncial volleys, in response to strong shocks fired when stimulated either by the impulses of the initial (f) volley or by the early internuncial volleys, and they could not fire again for the remainder of the response. The late internuncial vo ...
The Nervous System
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Wild-Type Nonneuronal Cells Extend Survival of SOD1 Mutant
... reducing wild-type SOD1 activity (8) and is either unaffected (8) or enhanced (9) by increasing wild-type SOD1 activity, mutant SOD1 must cause disease through acquisition of toxic properties. These may include aberrant oxidative chemistry catalyzed by SOD1-bound copper (10–14) or poisoning of a cel ...
... reducing wild-type SOD1 activity (8) and is either unaffected (8) or enhanced (9) by increasing wild-type SOD1 activity, mutant SOD1 must cause disease through acquisition of toxic properties. These may include aberrant oxidative chemistry catalyzed by SOD1-bound copper (10–14) or poisoning of a cel ...
c-Jun Expression in Adult Rat Dorsal Root
... of the PNS is clearly conducive for axonal regrowth of either peripheral or central axons (23, 53, 54, 68), while the mature CNS environment is refractory to axonal regrowth, due at least in part to the inhibitory influence of CNS myelin (4, 10, 15, 18, 19, 55, 57, 59). In addition, it is likely tha ...
... of the PNS is clearly conducive for axonal regrowth of either peripheral or central axons (23, 53, 54, 68), while the mature CNS environment is refractory to axonal regrowth, due at least in part to the inhibitory influence of CNS myelin (4, 10, 15, 18, 19, 55, 57, 59). In addition, it is likely tha ...
A Pitx transcription factor controls the establishment
... 2008b; Nishimura et al., 2010). Learning more about the differentiation processes in planarians could therefore provide valuable insights into the basic mechanisms of disease and might reveal new conserved drug targets. However, it is currently unclear whether a distinct population of adult neural s ...
... 2008b; Nishimura et al., 2010). Learning more about the differentiation processes in planarians could therefore provide valuable insights into the basic mechanisms of disease and might reveal new conserved drug targets. However, it is currently unclear whether a distinct population of adult neural s ...
Project Report: Investigating topographic neural map development
... rod bipolars then drive a special amacrine cell which synapses onto the axons of the cone bipolars. This reveals that the rods don’t actually synapse with the ganglion layer directly, rather they “go around” the cone network to provide information to the ganglion cells. Within the retinal system, tw ...
... rod bipolars then drive a special amacrine cell which synapses onto the axons of the cone bipolars. This reveals that the rods don’t actually synapse with the ganglion layer directly, rather they “go around” the cone network to provide information to the ganglion cells. Within the retinal system, tw ...
Part 2 - Dimon Institute
... are restored, the stretch reflexes are stimulated, and the muscular system regains its automatic, buoyant support. Stretch reflexes, then, do not work independently of the condition of muscles, but only function properly when muscles are elastically supporting the skeleton. If this network is not op ...
... are restored, the stretch reflexes are stimulated, and the muscular system regains its automatic, buoyant support. Stretch reflexes, then, do not work independently of the condition of muscles, but only function properly when muscles are elastically supporting the skeleton. If this network is not op ...
Lecture 6: Single neuron models
... which, on release, may activate a corresponding pool of postsynaptic receptors (Walmsley et al., 1998). The RRVP is replenished from a large reserve pool. The reality is likely to be more complex than this, with vesicles in the RRVP possibly consisting of a number of subpools, each in different stat ...
... which, on release, may activate a corresponding pool of postsynaptic receptors (Walmsley et al., 1998). The RRVP is replenished from a large reserve pool. The reality is likely to be more complex than this, with vesicles in the RRVP possibly consisting of a number of subpools, each in different stat ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... areas associated with the amygdala (Luskin and Price, 1983b; Haberly, 1998). Sensory information from the OB reaches the primary olfactory cortical areas through the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), made up of mitral/tufted cell axons. In addition to direct sensory input, olfactory cortical neurons al ...
... areas associated with the amygdala (Luskin and Price, 1983b; Haberly, 1998). Sensory information from the OB reaches the primary olfactory cortical areas through the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), made up of mitral/tufted cell axons. In addition to direct sensory input, olfactory cortical neurons al ...