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Maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation of species trees (MP
Maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation of species trees (MP

... The program is written in C. To compile the source code, type “make” (without quote) at the terminal window on Mac (or the Dos command window on PC). You need to set “architecture = ?” to the correct platform (mac, unix, or windows) in makefile. Currently, the parallel version is not available. Thus ...
Trees
Trees

... Amino-acid sites are partially ordered characters. An amino acid cannot change into all other amino acids in a singe step, as sometimes 2 or 3 steps are required. For example, a tyrosine may only change into a leucine through an intermediate state, i.e., phenylalanine or histidine. ...
Evolutionary trees
Evolutionary trees

... The Giant Panda riddle ...
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No Slide Title

Welcome to Class
Welcome to Class

Dry Lab – More Tree Analayses
Dry Lab – More Tree Analayses

Phylogenetic Trees - Elhanan Borenstein
Phylogenetic Trees - Elhanan Borenstein

... 3. Adjustment for multiple hypotheses testing ...
Lecture 7-POSTED-BISC441-2012
Lecture 7-POSTED-BISC441-2012

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2_Outline_BIO119_div..

... B. Example: Genus, Species: Escherichia coli must be Latin endings. 1. Genus is always capitalized and the species is lower case 2. Always italicize or underline. 3. Name usually has some significance. C. How do identify a new isolate and classify it to the species level? 1. There are international ...
Chapter 25: Phylogeny & Systematics
Chapter 25: Phylogeny & Systematics

Phylogenetics
Phylogenetics

American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) Phylogeny
American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) Phylogeny

... Drought Tolerance ...
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What is Bioinformatics I?

... Phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequences with an emphasis on methods of phylogenetic inference and hypothesis testing. Gene and genome history, gene family evolution, inference of ancestral proteins, and phylogenetic analysis as a predictive tool. (3 weeks) ...
Evolution/Phylogeny
Evolution/Phylogeny

Slajd 1
Slajd 1

... The construction of phylogenetic trees from numerical methods The principle of maximum parsimony (Occam’s razor) holds that we should accept that phylogenetic tree that can be constructed with the least number of morphological changes. The raw data ...
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here - carrot!!!

... Exploration of the tree space by sampling trees using a biased random walk (Implemented in MrBayes program) Trees with higher likelihoods will be sampled more often ...
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... • An assumption of the algorithm is that the molecular clock is constant for sequences in the tree. If there are unequal substitution rates, the tree may be wrong. • While UPGMA is simple, it is less accurate than the neighbor-joining approach (described next). ...
Cdao-obo-workshop-2010
Cdao-obo-workshop-2010

... Includes rooted, unrooted, and networks. ...
Mathematical Models in Molecular Biology
Mathematical Models in Molecular Biology

phylogenetic tree.
phylogenetic tree.

... Its tools include fossils, morphology, genes, and molecular evidence. Taxonomy is an ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences. Binomial nomenclature uses a two-part naming system that consists of the genus to which th ...
File - Down the Rabbit Hole
File - Down the Rabbit Hole

... nested groups, in which similar or related groups at one level are combined into larger and more general groups at the next higher level. Biological classification is based on shared descent from the nearest common ancestor ...
Shared character
Shared character

... into thea diff charactersitsica – derived.. between species by making a tree Just by looking at the amino acid sequences, biologist can find relationships characteristics that makes it differ Molecular cladogram- branch lengths proportional to #of amino acid changes Shared characterists – the ones t ...
Introduction into Phylogenetics I Introduction: A. Phylogenies depict
Introduction into Phylogenetics I Introduction: A. Phylogenies depict

... we place it next to the gorilla, who also does not have a tail. But if we do this, we are making 5 assumptions of gained or lost characteristics. G. If we put the frog next to the salamander and lizard, we only have to make 4 assumptions, which is more simple, so we go with the left Phylogenetic tre ...
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S6. Phylogenetic results: complementary analyses Bayesian

here - CMBI
here - CMBI

... separate dimension – Human: 3 billion nucleotides ...
< 1 ... 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 >

Computational phylogenetics

Computational phylogenetics is the application of computational algorithms, methods, and programs to phylogenetic analyses. The goal is to assemble a phylogenetic tree representing a hypothesis about the evolutionary ancestry of a set of genes, species, or other taxa. For example, these techniques have been used to explore the family tree of hominid species and the relationships between specific genes shared by many types of organisms. Traditional phylogenetics relies on morphological data obtained by measuring and quantifying the phenotypic properties of representative organisms, while the more recent field of molecular phylogenetics uses nucleotide sequences encoding genes or amino acid sequences encoding proteins as the basis for classification. Many forms of molecular phylogenetics are closely related to and make extensive use of sequence alignment in constructing and refining phylogenetic trees, which are used to classify the evolutionary relationships between homologous genes represented in the genomes of divergent species. The phylogenetic trees constructed by computational methods are unlikely to perfectly reproduce the evolutionary tree that represents the historical relationships between the species being analyzed. The historical species tree may also differ from the historical tree of an individual homologous gene shared by those species.Producing a phylogenetic tree requires a measure of homology among the characteristics shared by the taxa being compared. In morphological studies, this requires explicit decisions about which physical characteristics to measure and how to use them to encode distinct states corresponding to the input taxa. In molecular studies, a primary problem is in producing a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) between the genes or amino acid sequences of interest. Progressive sequence alignment methods produce a phylogenetic tree by necessity because they incorporate new sequences into the calculated alignment in order of genetic distance.
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