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20071217161016301
20071217161016301

... We concluded (in 1998) that simply sequencing large amounts of sequence wasn’t enough to ensure an accurate estimate of phylogeny. We argued that it was more important to tailor models to accommodate structural and functional constraints. (NB. At that time we were not able to conduct amino acid like ...
Nonlinear Least Squares Data Fitting
Nonlinear Least Squares Data Fitting

... often the normal distribution. Associated with our model are the “true” parameters x1 and x2 , but each time we collect data and solve the least-squares problem we only obtain estimates x̂1 and x̂2 of these true parameters. After computing these estimates, it is common to ask questions about the mod ...
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Slide 1

... 1. High homogeneity: homogeneity measures the similarity between genes assigned to the same cluster. 2. High separation: separation measures the distance/dissimilarity between clusters. (If two clusters have similar expression patterns, then they should probably be merged into one cluster). ...
Analysis of Gene expression data using MATLAB Software
Analysis of Gene expression data using MATLAB Software

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˜ Lecture X ˜

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... You need a FTP program to transfer files between your PC and GCG. The sequence file must be in “plain text” format. ...
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Natural Selection on the gag, pal, and eltv Genes of Human

... Simmonds et al. (1990) computed rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution per site in the V3 and flanking region and reported that the nonsynonymous rate was higher. However, they did not report the results of any statistical test of the difference in rates, and because they stud ...
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PPT - Glasnost

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Course Form - Bluegrass Community and Technical College
Course Form - Bluegrass Community and Technical College

... Perform searches of nucleotide and protein databases using a query sequence and retrieve sequences that are related to the query sequence. Align and compare multiple DNA or multiple protein sequences to predict functional domains. Apply bioinformatic methodology to test a scientific hypothesis. Loca ...
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Exam and Answers for 1999/00

... c) Genetic algorithms are an example of a population based approach to problem solving. Give your ideas as to other potential population based approaches that could be used. Ideally you should not use the example that was presented in the lectures. The example given in the lectures was an approach b ...
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... Therefore, each node i in the tree may compute two values: Gy and Gi. G,’ is the maximal goodness contribution of the subtree rooted at i, including the connection to i’s parent whose activation is one. Similarly, Gf is the maximal goodness of the subtree, including the connection to i’s parent whos ...
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(Phalaris, Poaceae): Molecular phylogenetics, polyploidy and floret

... 2009), was unavailable, and the synthetic allopolyploid P. daviesii was excluded since the focus of the study was on the wild species. The two genomic regions were chosen based on their documented utility in phylogenetics at this level and their differential mode of inheritance (bipaternal vs. mater ...
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Bayesian Probabilistic reasoning and learning

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Power Point Presentation

... • A shared ancestral character is a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon • A shared derived character is an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade • A character can be both ancestral and derived, depending on the context ...
Laboratory B - Filogeografía
Laboratory B - Filogeografía

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Computational phylogenetics

Computational phylogenetics is the application of computational algorithms, methods, and programs to phylogenetic analyses. The goal is to assemble a phylogenetic tree representing a hypothesis about the evolutionary ancestry of a set of genes, species, or other taxa. For example, these techniques have been used to explore the family tree of hominid species and the relationships between specific genes shared by many types of organisms. Traditional phylogenetics relies on morphological data obtained by measuring and quantifying the phenotypic properties of representative organisms, while the more recent field of molecular phylogenetics uses nucleotide sequences encoding genes or amino acid sequences encoding proteins as the basis for classification. Many forms of molecular phylogenetics are closely related to and make extensive use of sequence alignment in constructing and refining phylogenetic trees, which are used to classify the evolutionary relationships between homologous genes represented in the genomes of divergent species. The phylogenetic trees constructed by computational methods are unlikely to perfectly reproduce the evolutionary tree that represents the historical relationships between the species being analyzed. The historical species tree may also differ from the historical tree of an individual homologous gene shared by those species.Producing a phylogenetic tree requires a measure of homology among the characteristics shared by the taxa being compared. In morphological studies, this requires explicit decisions about which physical characteristics to measure and how to use them to encode distinct states corresponding to the input taxa. In molecular studies, a primary problem is in producing a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) between the genes or amino acid sequences of interest. Progressive sequence alignment methods produce a phylogenetic tree by necessity because they incorporate new sequences into the calculated alignment in order of genetic distance.
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