Historical Background (all dates BCE)
... Heinrich Schliemann Tombs Mask of Agamemnon Trojan War Collapse: so-called Dorian Invasion, starting c. 1200 Cyclopean architecture Isthmus of Corinth (canal built 1893) ...
... Heinrich Schliemann Tombs Mask of Agamemnon Trojan War Collapse: so-called Dorian Invasion, starting c. 1200 Cyclopean architecture Isthmus of Corinth (canal built 1893) ...
Conflict in the Mediterranean Guided Notes Blank
... Despite overwhelming odds, the Athenians rallied their forces, drove the _________________ back into the _______, and were _________________. Ten years later, the new Persian emperor, ______________, invaded Greece with several hundred _______________troops. The Persian troops were known as the “___ ...
... Despite overwhelming odds, the Athenians rallied their forces, drove the _________________ back into the _______, and were _________________. Ten years later, the new Persian emperor, ______________, invaded Greece with several hundred _______________troops. The Persian troops were known as the “___ ...
Military & Battles
... •Men had spears that were 4 metres long •Rows of 16 deep, soldiers marched, front rows with spears pointed forward and rear with spears pointed upwards •Three phalanx formations would trap the enemy by closing in from all sides •Cavalry and shield bearers supported phalanxs ...
... •Men had spears that were 4 metres long •Rows of 16 deep, soldiers marched, front rows with spears pointed forward and rear with spears pointed upwards •Three phalanx formations would trap the enemy by closing in from all sides •Cavalry and shield bearers supported phalanxs ...
Who Invented the Marathon
... Persian Wars. Many Greek city-states lived peacefully under Persian control until the ruler Darius raised taxes on the Greeks around 500 B.C. The Greeks rebelled, and Darius sent his army, which set up camp on the plain of Marathon near Athens, to put down the rebellion. The Athenians, vastly outnum ...
... Persian Wars. Many Greek city-states lived peacefully under Persian control until the ruler Darius raised taxes on the Greeks around 500 B.C. The Greeks rebelled, and Darius sent his army, which set up camp on the plain of Marathon near Athens, to put down the rebellion. The Athenians, vastly outnum ...
Greco-Persian Wars
... Persia looks to rebuild ◦ Put down internal revolts ◦ King Xerxes build massive army ...
... Persia looks to rebuild ◦ Put down internal revolts ◦ King Xerxes build massive army ...
The Persian Wars
... the construction of 200 additional warships(triremes)for the Athenian navy and b)organized most Greek city-states, including Sparta into a defensive alliance ...
... the construction of 200 additional warships(triremes)for the Athenian navy and b)organized most Greek city-states, including Sparta into a defensive alliance ...
Greek Warfare
... • The enemies were forced to unite when King Xerxes from Persia tried to conquer their land in 480 B.C. • During the Persian War, at the Battle of Thermopylae, 300 Spartans briefly held Xerxes back • The Persians were finally defeated at the Battle of Salamis because of the Athenian Naval strategie ...
... • The enemies were forced to unite when King Xerxes from Persia tried to conquer their land in 480 B.C. • During the Persian War, at the Battle of Thermopylae, 300 Spartans briefly held Xerxes back • The Persians were finally defeated at the Battle of Salamis because of the Athenian Naval strategie ...
Military Battles of Ancient Greece
... (instead of just the aristocratic heroes of the Iliad) helped democracy to develop in Greece But since armour was required, only the wealthy could be in army as a hoplite the hoplite phalanx made Greek soldiers very desirable mercenaries for hundreds of years Hoplite phalanx helped Greece to fight o ...
... (instead of just the aristocratic heroes of the Iliad) helped democracy to develop in Greece But since armour was required, only the wealthy could be in army as a hoplite the hoplite phalanx made Greek soldiers very desirable mercenaries for hundreds of years Hoplite phalanx helped Greece to fight o ...
A narrow body of water with land on both sides
... Defeat by the Greeks, high taxes, and constant plotting of the royal sons against the king led to what? ...
... Defeat by the Greeks, high taxes, and constant plotting of the royal sons against the king led to what? ...
Chapter 4 Study Guide Athens – focused on government and
... Herodotus – wrote The History of the Persian Wars Mycenaeans-‐ came to Greece from Central Asia Direct Democracy – all the people decide government matters When the Spartans needed room for expansion ...
... Herodotus – wrote The History of the Persian Wars Mycenaeans-‐ came to Greece from Central Asia Direct Democracy – all the people decide government matters When the Spartans needed room for expansion ...
War Tests the Greeks 1. Who ran 150 miles in two days? (Darius
... 1. Who ran 150 miles in two days? (Darius, Athena, Pheidippides) 2. Was the Persian army or Athenian army bigger? ( Persian or Athenian) 3. What happened to Pheidippides after he yelled “Nike!”? ( got a drink, dropped dead, ate a big meal) 4. Which army won at the Battle of Marathon? ( Athenians or ...
... 1. Who ran 150 miles in two days? (Darius, Athena, Pheidippides) 2. Was the Persian army or Athenian army bigger? ( Persian or Athenian) 3. What happened to Pheidippides after he yelled “Nike!”? ( got a drink, dropped dead, ate a big meal) 4. Which army won at the Battle of Marathon? ( Athenians or ...
Greek Wars
... Athens moved to an island just off the coast to prepare for battle and the Persians burned the city down ...
... Athens moved to an island just off the coast to prepare for battle and the Persians burned the city down ...
Greek Review Answers
... 10.c) Do you agree or disagree with this statement: “The Athenians brought the Peloponnesian War on themselves.” Defend your argument. Answers will vary, but will need to provide evidence to back up opinion. Secon 3 11.a) Describe; How did Phillip II improve the phalanx? Gave the soliders longer ...
... 10.c) Do you agree or disagree with this statement: “The Athenians brought the Peloponnesian War on themselves.” Defend your argument. Answers will vary, but will need to provide evidence to back up opinion. Secon 3 11.a) Describe; How did Phillip II improve the phalanx? Gave the soliders longer ...
Sparta vs Athens
... SPARTAN WOMEN Emotionally, physically tough; were taught strength, athletics Family life less important; husbands, wives usually apart More freedom than elsewhere, allowed to own property ...
... SPARTAN WOMEN Emotionally, physically tough; were taught strength, athletics Family life less important; husbands, wives usually apart More freedom than elsewhere, allowed to own property ...
Greek Study Guide - Leon County Schools
... 10. At age 18 what were boys in Athens expected to do? 11. At what age could Spartan men return home once their military training was complete? 12. What influenced a political system based on independent Greek city-states? ...
... 10. At age 18 what were boys in Athens expected to do? 11. At what age could Spartan men return home once their military training was complete? 12. What influenced a political system based on independent Greek city-states? ...
World History Chapter 7 and 8.4 Study Guide The Ancient Greeks
... 10. At age 18 what were boys in Athens expected to do? 11. At what age could Spartan men return home once their military training was complete? 12. What influenced a political system based on independent Greek city-states? ...
... 10. At age 18 what were boys in Athens expected to do? 11. At what age could Spartan men return home once their military training was complete? 12. What influenced a political system based on independent Greek city-states? ...
Glory that was Greece Part 1
... •Credited with having established democracy in Athens, •His reforms (end of the 6th Century BC) made possible the Golden Age of Athenian civilization (5th Century BC.) •Born into one of the city's foremost political dynasties (brother-in-law to Peisistratus:) an unlikely champion of the people when ...
... •Credited with having established democracy in Athens, •His reforms (end of the 6th Century BC) made possible the Golden Age of Athenian civilization (5th Century BC.) •Born into one of the city's foremost political dynasties (brother-in-law to Peisistratus:) an unlikely champion of the people when ...
Ancient Greek warfare
The Greek 'Dark Age' drew to a close as a significant increase in population allowed urbanized culture to be restored, and the rise of the city-states (Poleis). These developments ushered in the Archaic period (800-480 BC). They also restored the capability of organized warfare between these Poleis (as opposed to small-scale raids to acquire livestock and grain, for example). The fractious nature of Ancient Greek society seems to have made continuous conflict on this larger scale inevitable.Concomitant with the rise of the city-state was the evolution of a new way of warfare - the hoplite phalanx. When exactly the phalanx developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Spartans. The chigi vase, dated to around 650 BC, is the earliest depiction of a hoplite in full battle array. The hoplite was a well-armed and armored citizen-soldier primarily drawn from the middle classes. Every man had to serve at least two years in the army. Fighting in the tight phalanx formation maximised the effectiveness of his armor, large shield and long spear, presenting a wall of armor and spearpoints to the enemy. They were a force to be reckoned with.With this evolution in warfare, battles seem to have consisted mostly of the clash of hoplite phalanxes from the city-states in conflict. Since the soldiers were citizens with other occupations, warfare was limited in distance, season and scale. Neither side could afford heavy casualties or sustained campaigns, so conflicts seem to have been resolved by a single set-piece battle.The scale and scope of warfare in Ancient Greece changed dramatically as a result of the Greco-Persian Wars. To fight the enormous armies of the Achaemenid Empire was effectively beyond the capabilities of a single city-state. The eventual triumph of the Greeks was achieved by alliances of many city-states (the exact composition changing over time), allowing the pooling of resources and division of labour. Although alliances between city states occurred before this time, nothing on this scale had been seen before. The rise of Athens and Sparta as pre-eminent powers during this conflict led directly to the Peloponnesian War, which saw further development of the nature of warfare, strategy and tactics. Fought between leagues of cities dominated by Athens and Sparta, the increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare. Set-piece battles during the Peloponnesian war proved indecisive and instead there was increased reliance on attritionary strategies, naval battle and blockades and sieges. These changes greatly increased the number of casualties and the disruption of Greek society.Following the eventual defeat of the Athenians in 404 BC, and the disbandment of the Athenian-dominated Delian League, Ancient Greece fell under the hegemony of Sparta. However, it was soon apparent that the hegemony was unstable, and the Persian Empire sponsored a rebellion by the combined powers of Athens, Thebes, Corinth and Argos, resulting in the Corinthian War (395-387 BC). After largely inconclusive campaigning, the war was decided when the Persians switched to supporting the Spartans, in return for the cities of Ionia and Spartan non-interference in Asia Minor. This brought the rebels to terms, and restored the Spartan hegemony on a more stable footing. The Spartan hegemony would last another 16 years, until, at the Battle of Leuctra (371) the Spartans were decisively defeated by the Theban general Epaminondas.In the aftermath of this, the Thebans acted with alacrity to establish a hegemony of their own over Greece. However, Thebes lacked sufficient manpower and resources, and became overstretched in attempting to impose itself on the rest of Greece. Following the death of Epaminondas and loss of manpower at the Battle of Mantinea, the Theban hegemony ceased. Indeed, the losses in the ten years of the Theban hegemony left all the Greek city-states weakened and divided. As such, the city-states of southern Greece would shortly afterwards be powerless to resist the rise of the Macedonian kingdom in the north. With revolutionary tactics, King Phillip II brought most of Greece under his sway, paving the way for the conquest of ""the known world"" by his son Alexander the Great. The rise of the Macedonian Kingdom is generally taken to signal the end of the Greek Classical period, and certainly marked the end of the distinctive hoplite battle in Ancient Greece.