Download Chapter 4 Study Guide Athens – focused on government and

Chapter 4 Study Guide Athens – focused on government and education Age of Pericles – age of great creativity and learning in Athens Satraps – “defenders of the kingdom” and Persian States Tyrant – rules with total authority Cyrus the Great – King of Persia Hoplites – ordinary citizens in the army Parthenon – Workers hauled 20,000 tons of marble and took 15 years to build this Peninsula – a body of land with ocean on three sides Upper-­‐class Athenian women – could not leave home without a male relative Strait – narrow body of water with land on both sides Athenian soldiers -­‐ group that promised to pass on their fatherland in a better condition Herodotus – wrote The History of the Persian Wars Mycenaeans-­‐ came to Greece from Central Asia Direct Democracy – all the people decide government matters When the Spartans needed room for expansion they conquered neighboring land Minoans – made their living as traders Xerxes – king of Persia The Greeks won the Battle of Salamis because their ships could move around quickly Mycenaeans could pay their taxes in wheat, livestock, or honey The Delian League began as an alliance to protect the Greeks from the Persians Spartans – focused on military service Agora – open area used for a meeting place and market Pericles – made Athens more democratic Dorians – brought iron weapons to the Greeks Philosophers – thinkers who ponder questions about life Polis – like a tiny, independent country Oligarchy – form of government used by the Spartans 20 – age at which Spartan men entered the regular army Ephors – enforced laws and collected taxes in Sparta Athenian soldiers promised to protect the constitution in their oath Peisistratus – became popular by giving land to landless farmers Xerxes – wanted to conquer Greece to increase his country’s wealth, to win glory, and for revenge The Mycenaeans learned navigation by the sun and stars from the Minoans Spartan men could return to their homes when they were 30 years old The time around 600 BC is called the Dark Age because people forgot how to read and write Early Greeks lived by fishing, trade, and herding goat and sheep The Athenian assembly appointed 10 generals who carried out the assembly’s laws Citizens of Greek city-­‐states had to be free, native-­‐born, land owning men The Greek alphabet was based on the Phoenician alphabet Compare the lives of Spartan women and girls to the lives of Athenian women and girls Why was the Peloponnesian War bad for the winners as well as the losers? Why did the Spartans place so much stress on military service? How did geography affect the way Greeks made their livings?