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neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia

... dopaminergic neurons. This pigmentation is due to the presence of neuromelanin, which is a byproduct of the metabolism of dopamine, giving the SN its distinct dark color (Double et al., 2000; Zecca et al., 2008). Within this mesodiencephalic dopaminergic complex, the VTA is located medial to the SN, ...
Genetic Analysis of Brain Circuits Underlying Pheromone Signaling
Genetic Analysis of Brain Circuits Underlying Pheromone Signaling

... transfer of Barley lectin (BL), and expressed BL under the control of LHRH promoter (6). Sites of BL expression, while also visualizing minor labeling along the vomeronasal pathway, also evidenced major and yet undescribed input from the main olfactory system. These results provide strong support to ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections

... Resting-state functional connectivity patterns Resting-state fMRI data preprocessing The resting-state fMRI data were preprocessed using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8, http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm) and Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI (DPARSF) (Yan and Zang, 2010). The ...
Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain
Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain

... is a result of stimulation of specific pain receptors where the information travels in specific pathways to the brain. This acute pain sensation may abate over time or persist, depending on the kind of injury. Chronic pain is in many aspects different from acute pain . Chronic pain is often associat ...
SOM
SOM

... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling
Regulation of thalamocortical axon branching by BDNF and synaptic vesicle cycling

... Frontiers in Neural Circuits, (7), 202. ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization

... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex

... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical

... sition taken every millisecond for 500 ms following the beginning of the stimulation. The other record was minimally trained and studied for only 1 mo. contained lower-precision samples of the eye poIn three additional untrained cynomolgus monkeys we mapped the frontal eye fields with electrical sit ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern

... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy With Spontaneous
Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy With Spontaneous

... ultramicrotome (Reichert, Vienna, Austria) using glass knives and were stained with toluidine blue. Morphologic examination of specimens used a JAVA-based image analysis program (Jandel Scientific) (11) obtained with a light microscope (Axioskope; Zeiss, North York, ON, Canada) and attached video ca ...
the role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous
the role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous

... This metal is a component of many structural as well as regulatory and catalytic proteins. The precise regulation of zinc homeostasis is essential for central nervous system and for the whole organism. Zinc plays a significant role in the brain development and in the proper brain function at every s ...
Sample
Sample

... 27) What is the term used to describe the rounded areas on the ends of the axon terminals? A) synaptic vesicles B) axons C) dendrites D) synaptic knobs Correct: Correct. Synaptic knobs are located at the tip of each axon terminal. Incorrect: Incorrect. Synaptic vesicles are structures within the syn ...
Levels of kinesin light chain and dynein intermediate
Levels of kinesin light chain and dynein intermediate

... New York) is specific for tau phosphorylated at Ser396/404 [37]. The following antibodies were also used: mouse monoclonal antibodies to Dynein intermediate chain (DIC) (MAB1618, Chemicon), to tubulin-!3 (T8660, Sigma), to "-tubulin (T9026, Sigma, DM1A) to GSK-3! (TPKI, Transduction Laboratories), t ...
Here follows a list of recently published papers
Here follows a list of recently published papers

... Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, NkB, and Nk3 Receptor in Normal and Dysregulated Fear Memory Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273%2 ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural

... using materials from [1] and new electron micrographs reported an updated set of data on electrical and chemical connections of the hermaphrodite worm. Although [3] was published in 2011, this updated connectivity dataset had been obtained before, and employed for example, in [4]. This refined datas ...
Motor Areas of the Medial Wall: A Review of Their Location and
Motor Areas of the Medial Wall: A Review of Their Location and

... comparable to the CMAr, and the caudal site included both the CMAd and CMAv. More neurons related to self-paced movements and displaying "long-lead" activity prior to movement onset (> 1 sec) were found in the rostral site (CMAr) than in the caudal site (CMAd/CMAv). Similar long-lead activity has be ...
Soto-Faraco (2003) Multisensory contributions to the perception of
Soto-Faraco (2003) Multisensory contributions to the perception of

... issues are discussed in more detail in the sections that follow. ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus

... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic

... or very few cortical plaques and tangles, consistent with normal aging (Khachaturian, 1985), were designated as normal (cases 1-10, Table 1). The brains from the demented individuals (cases 10-20) contained numerous cortical plaques and tangles in a density and distribution consistent with the neuro ...
Thalamocortidal Axons Extend Along a Chondroitin Sulfate
Thalamocortidal Axons Extend Along a Chondroitin Sulfate

... once afferent axons from the thalamus reach the developing cortical wall, their intracottical trajectory is centered on the CSPG-rich subplate, above the path taken by efferent axons. Our findings demonstrate a molecular difference between the adjacent but distinct efferent and afferent pathways in ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science

... Why discuss what a neuron does in terms of computation? We use a simple example to illustrate the problem. When one watches a movie, each frame is presented for about 50 ms, during which time we have to process any changes from the last frame before the next frame appears. To a first approximation t ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and

... feedback in the late afternoon (PM). OVX controls not treated with oestradiol show no time-of-day-dependent effects. After day 5, the LH surges decline in amplitude, but can be restored by replacement of the oestradiol capsule. All measures were conducted on days 2–4, when oestradiol levels and the ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral

... the Colorado potato beetle. Guided by the odour of the plant and the taste of the leaves, the beetle recognizes the host plant and feeds until satiation. The complex molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour ...
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014

... that a double-layer attractor neural network can account for neural recordings and behavior of rats in a post-decision wagering experiment. In this model a decision-making layer takes the perceptual decision and a separate confidence layer monitors the activity of the decisionmaking layer and makes ...
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Metastability in the brain

In the field of computational neuroscience, the theory of metastability refers to the human brain’s ability to integrate several functional parts and to produce neural oscillations in a cooperative and coordinated manner, providing the basis for conscious activity.Metastability, a state in which signals (such as oscillatory waves) fall outside their natural equilibrium state but persist for an extended period of time, is a principle that describes the brain’s ability to make sense out of seemingly random environmental cues. In the past 25 years, interest in metastability and the underlying framework of nonlinear dynamics has been fueled by advancements in the methods by which computers model brain activity.
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