Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a ...
... observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a ...
19 CORTICAL PROJECTIONS FROM TWO PRESTRIATE AREAS IN
... of these structures will be excited only if the appropriate stimulus is presented in the appropriate, restricted part of the visual field2,6,12. This anatomical arrangement appears to dissolve at the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus which has been shown to receive afferents from large ...
... of these structures will be excited only if the appropriate stimulus is presented in the appropriate, restricted part of the visual field2,6,12. This anatomical arrangement appears to dissolve at the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus which has been shown to receive afferents from large ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... wakefulness, are particularly numerous in the VLPO (Alam et al., 1995; Szymusiak et al., 1998). The sleep-positive neurons in the VLPO innervate the histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) (Sherin et al., 1996). These projections originate from a dense cluster of VLPO neurons jus ...
... wakefulness, are particularly numerous in the VLPO (Alam et al., 1995; Szymusiak et al., 1998). The sleep-positive neurons in the VLPO innervate the histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) (Sherin et al., 1996). These projections originate from a dense cluster of VLPO neurons jus ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... with reaction time paradigms. Since both syntactic and semantic anomalies can result in an increase in processing time, measures such as reading time, lexical decision and word monitoring latency all yield similar results for the two classes of violations. These and other limitations have led many i ...
... with reaction time paradigms. Since both syntactic and semantic anomalies can result in an increase in processing time, measures such as reading time, lexical decision and word monitoring latency all yield similar results for the two classes of violations. These and other limitations have led many i ...
Medial medullary syndrome
... • Ipsilateral bulbar muscle weakness: Hoarseness, dysphonia, dysphagia, dysarthria, decreased gag reflex (nucleus ambiguus) • Medial medullary syndrome (Dejerine syndrome): Rare entity typically caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of anterior spinal artery, small perforating branches arising f ...
... • Ipsilateral bulbar muscle weakness: Hoarseness, dysphonia, dysphagia, dysarthria, decreased gag reflex (nucleus ambiguus) • Medial medullary syndrome (Dejerine syndrome): Rare entity typically caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of anterior spinal artery, small perforating branches arising f ...
Good Exemplars of Natural Scene Categories Elicit Clearer Patterns
... accurate and faster at categorizing good than bad exemplars of natural scenes. In an fMRI experiment participants passively viewed blocks of good or bad exemplars from the same six categories. A multi-voxel pattern classifier trained to discriminate among category blocks showed higher decoding accur ...
... accurate and faster at categorizing good than bad exemplars of natural scenes. In an fMRI experiment participants passively viewed blocks of good or bad exemplars from the same six categories. A multi-voxel pattern classifier trained to discriminate among category blocks showed higher decoding accur ...
Serotonin in Affective Control
... (Bunin and Wightman, 1999; Zoli et al., 1999). They have the potential to alter dynamic properties of network components in a coordinated fashion, fashioning a flexible pleo- or poly-morphic (Getting, 1989; Getting and Dekin, 1985; Harris-Warrick and Marder, 1991) portfolio of adaptive networks out ...
... (Bunin and Wightman, 1999; Zoli et al., 1999). They have the potential to alter dynamic properties of network components in a coordinated fashion, fashioning a flexible pleo- or poly-morphic (Getting, 1989; Getting and Dekin, 1985; Harris-Warrick and Marder, 1991) portfolio of adaptive networks out ...
... through its connections with the cortex (for reviews see Refs 21, 42, 51, 110 and 132). The basal forebrain has received special attention because of its susceptibility in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases (for reviews see Refs 57, 58, 74, 97 and 109). Previous studies have shown that ...
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... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
... of rat posterior auditory field (PAF) neurons, we compared neurophysiological responses to simple tones, frequency modulated (FM) sweeps, and amplitude modulated noise and tones with responses of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons. PAF neurons have excitatory receptive fields that are on average 6 ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... from widely different mean firing rates (Hengen et al., 2016). The simplest explanation for this observation is that FRH is largely achieved through a set of cell-autonomous homeostatic mechanisms. Are other aspects of “activity” besides mean firing rate conserved during homeostatic plasticity in CN ...
... from widely different mean firing rates (Hengen et al., 2016). The simplest explanation for this observation is that FRH is largely achieved through a set of cell-autonomous homeostatic mechanisms. Are other aspects of “activity” besides mean firing rate conserved during homeostatic plasticity in CN ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... The major findings of these studies were: 1A) The distribution of calcium-binding proteins largely followed the cytoarchitectonic borders of the eight subfields of the entorhinal cortex. Parvalbumin neurons were morphologically interneurons. Although calretinin and calbindin were localized in non-py ...
... The major findings of these studies were: 1A) The distribution of calcium-binding proteins largely followed the cytoarchitectonic borders of the eight subfields of the entorhinal cortex. Parvalbumin neurons were morphologically interneurons. Although calretinin and calbindin were localized in non-py ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... slices were fixed at 4°C for at least 24 h in 100 mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described pr ...
... slices were fixed at 4°C for at least 24 h in 100 mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described pr ...
Synaptic Regulation of Action Potential Timing in
... 50 –200 msec, 0.2 Hz) were applied to the neostriatum to evoke monosynaptic EPSC s or I PSC s. Square wave somatic current injections (20 – 60 pA, 600 msec, 0.2 Hz) were used to generate episodes of regular spiking, with a relatively stationary interspike interval (ISI) (see Fig. 2). Stimuli were ap ...
... 50 –200 msec, 0.2 Hz) were applied to the neostriatum to evoke monosynaptic EPSC s or I PSC s. Square wave somatic current injections (20 – 60 pA, 600 msec, 0.2 Hz) were used to generate episodes of regular spiking, with a relatively stationary interspike interval (ISI) (see Fig. 2). Stimuli were ap ...
Neural mechanism of rapid eye movement sleep generation
... The noradrenergic (NA-ergic) rapid eye movement (REM)-OFF neurons in locus coeruleus (LC) and cholinergic REM-ON neurons in laterodorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum show a reciprocal firing pattern. The REM-ON neurons fire during REM sleep whereas REM-OFF neurons stop firing during REM sleep. The ces ...
... The noradrenergic (NA-ergic) rapid eye movement (REM)-OFF neurons in locus coeruleus (LC) and cholinergic REM-ON neurons in laterodorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum show a reciprocal firing pattern. The REM-ON neurons fire during REM sleep whereas REM-OFF neurons stop firing during REM sleep. The ces ...
Molecules and circuits involved in nicotine addiction: The many
... et al., 1992) and increases the excitatory glutamatergic drive onto DA cell bodies in the VTA (Mansvelder et al., 2002; McGehee et al., 1995). Consistent with the ability of nicotine to potentiate DA signaling, peripheral nicotine administration can increase extracellular DA levels in the NAc of rod ...
... et al., 1992) and increases the excitatory glutamatergic drive onto DA cell bodies in the VTA (Mansvelder et al., 2002; McGehee et al., 1995). Consistent with the ability of nicotine to potentiate DA signaling, peripheral nicotine administration can increase extracellular DA levels in the NAc of rod ...
Hippocampus : Neurotransmission and Plasticity in the Nervous
... The hippocampus (greek hippocampus: seahorse), is a bilateral incurved seahorse-shaped structure of the cerebral cortex [1]. The cerebral cortex also named “grey matter”, as it is composed of neurons with unmyelinated fibers, is involved in a number of higher functions, like consciousness, informati ...
... The hippocampus (greek hippocampus: seahorse), is a bilateral incurved seahorse-shaped structure of the cerebral cortex [1]. The cerebral cortex also named “grey matter”, as it is composed of neurons with unmyelinated fibers, is involved in a number of higher functions, like consciousness, informati ...
Document
... THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The normal body must accomplish a gigantic and enormously complex job—keeping itself alive and healthy. Each one of its billions of cells performs some activity that is a part of this function. Control of the body’s billions of cells is accomplished in part by two body-wide c ...
... THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The normal body must accomplish a gigantic and enormously complex job—keeping itself alive and healthy. Each one of its billions of cells performs some activity that is a part of this function. Control of the body’s billions of cells is accomplished in part by two body-wide c ...
... presence of caspase-cleaved fragments of glial fibrillary acidic protein (CCP-GFAP) in astrocytes. However, at longer survival times, when astroglial hypertrophy was observed, astroglial caspase-3 did not generally correlate with GFAP cleavage but instead was associated with de novo expression of vi ...
Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... A high-intensity light was focused on the ventral surface of the tail, and the time for the animal to move its tail from the light beam was recorded. A different patch of the middle (rat) or distal (mice) third of the tail was exposed to the light beam each time to minimize the risk of tissue damage ...
... A high-intensity light was focused on the ventral surface of the tail, and the time for the animal to move its tail from the light beam was recorded. A different patch of the middle (rat) or distal (mice) third of the tail was exposed to the light beam each time to minimize the risk of tissue damage ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
Olfactory tract transection in neonatal rats: Evidence for Mitral cell
... The olfactory system undergoes both functional and anatomical changes during the first few weeks of postnatal life14-17. Olfactory tract transection (OTT) at this stage causes a wide range of functional and cytoarchitectural changes. However, the tract is capable of undergoing regeneration and thus ...
... The olfactory system undergoes both functional and anatomical changes during the first few weeks of postnatal life14-17. Olfactory tract transection (OTT) at this stage causes a wide range of functional and cytoarchitectural changes. However, the tract is capable of undergoing regeneration and thus ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... neuron during the light stimulation was compared to their firing characteristics during the preceding baseline period (10 s). Two to four trials were carried out for each neuron and combined to calculate the average response (Supplementary Fig. 5; see online Methods). Following light stimulation of ...
... neuron during the light stimulation was compared to their firing characteristics during the preceding baseline period (10 s). Two to four trials were carried out for each neuron and combined to calculate the average response (Supplementary Fig. 5; see online Methods). Following light stimulation of ...
Perception Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to
... In most in vitro studies of STDP, the induction protocol consists of relatively simple spike patterns with pre/post spikes paired at regular intervals. The advantage of this approach is that each induction pattern can be described by a small number of parameters, and the dependence of synaptic modif ...
... In most in vitro studies of STDP, the induction protocol consists of relatively simple spike patterns with pre/post spikes paired at regular intervals. The advantage of this approach is that each induction pattern can be described by a small number of parameters, and the dependence of synaptic modif ...