Somatostatin-Expressing Inhibitory Interneurons in Cortical Circuits
... Cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, connectivity, and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that ca ...
... Cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, connectivity, and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that ca ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... most likely motor act following grasping. During the visual task, the monkey simply observed the scene without performing any movement and did not receive any reward. The monkey was not required to keep fixation. Eye position was monitored by means of an eye tracking system composed by a 50-Hz CCD ca ...
... most likely motor act following grasping. During the visual task, the monkey simply observed the scene without performing any movement and did not receive any reward. The monkey was not required to keep fixation. Eye position was monitored by means of an eye tracking system composed by a 50-Hz CCD ca ...
Posterior White Column
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
Document
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
The Spinal Cord
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
Cochlea and Auditory Pathways
... Hearing begins with pressure waves impacting the tympanic membrane, causing it to vibrate. The vibration is transmitted from malleus to incus to stapes. The stapes rocks in & out, causing the membrane of the oval window to produce pressure waves within perilymph of the scala vestibuli. Pressure is t ...
... Hearing begins with pressure waves impacting the tympanic membrane, causing it to vibrate. The vibration is transmitted from malleus to incus to stapes. The stapes rocks in & out, causing the membrane of the oval window to produce pressure waves within perilymph of the scala vestibuli. Pressure is t ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... within a cortical column, which is recruited and modulated by information conveyed over long-range excitatory projections, including from the visual surround. The network proposed models the superficial layers of cat primary visual cortex (area 17), including several populations designed to simulat ...
... within a cortical column, which is recruited and modulated by information conveyed over long-range excitatory projections, including from the visual surround. The network proposed models the superficial layers of cat primary visual cortex (area 17), including several populations designed to simulat ...
The epistemic value of brain-machine systems for the study of the
... contrastive way, that is to say, by comparing it with the simulation-replacement methodology discussed in (Datteri, 2009).1 In Section 3.1 I will argue that stimulation-connection and simulation-replacement studies involve structurally similar systems, all being obtained by functionally replacing b ...
... contrastive way, that is to say, by comparing it with the simulation-replacement methodology discussed in (Datteri, 2009).1 In Section 3.1 I will argue that stimulation-connection and simulation-replacement studies involve structurally similar systems, all being obtained by functionally replacing b ...
NEURAL NETWORKS
... 10 billion neurons in the human cortex, and 60 trillion synapses or connections (Shepherd and Koch, 1990). The net result is that the brain is an enormously efficient structure. Specifically, the energetic efficiency of the brain is approximately 10-16 joules (J) per operation per second. ...
... 10 billion neurons in the human cortex, and 60 trillion synapses or connections (Shepherd and Koch, 1990). The net result is that the brain is an enormously efficient structure. Specifically, the energetic efficiency of the brain is approximately 10-16 joules (J) per operation per second. ...
Swim Initiation Neurons in Tritonia diomedea1
... SYNOPSIS. Two groups of interneurons, Tr1 and DRI, have been identified in the escape swim circuit of the marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea that have important roles in behavioral initiation. DRI functions as a command neuron, receiving direct excitatory input from the afferent neurons, and in turn d ...
... SYNOPSIS. Two groups of interneurons, Tr1 and DRI, have been identified in the escape swim circuit of the marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea that have important roles in behavioral initiation. DRI functions as a command neuron, receiving direct excitatory input from the afferent neurons, and in turn d ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell is called a synapse. Slide 26 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell is called a synapse. Slide 26 of 38 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... AbstractÐDifferent type neurons in the inferior colliculus may have different functions. Recent intracellular studies of the inferior colliculus suggest that intrinsic electrical properties contribute to discharge patterns, but the intrinsic discharge patterns have not been fully characterized in th ...
... AbstractÐDifferent type neurons in the inferior colliculus may have different functions. Recent intracellular studies of the inferior colliculus suggest that intrinsic electrical properties contribute to discharge patterns, but the intrinsic discharge patterns have not been fully characterized in th ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Respons ...
... The short latency sensory-evoked synaptic response reflects both direct thalamic and recurrent cortical inputs into the layer 2 network. To isolate this response for comparison between cells, we focused analysis on the earliest synaptic response: the first 30 ms following whisker deflection. Respons ...
Rapid changes in protein synthesis and cell size in the cochlear
... hypotheses that activity of auditory afferents in young mammals plays a regulatory role in the metabolism and morphology of their target neurons in the central auditory pathway, and that early changes following destruction of the peripheral receptor are due to reduction of activitydependent interact ...
... hypotheses that activity of auditory afferents in young mammals plays a regulatory role in the metabolism and morphology of their target neurons in the central auditory pathway, and that early changes following destruction of the peripheral receptor are due to reduction of activitydependent interact ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... At the end of the neuron, the impulse reaches an axon terminal. Usually the neuron makes contact with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell is called a synapse. Slide 26 of 38 Copyri ...
... At the end of the neuron, the impulse reaches an axon terminal. Usually the neuron makes contact with another cell at this site. The neuron may pass the impulse along to the second cell. The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell is called a synapse. Slide 26 of 38 Copyri ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto; and 2Division of Sensory and Cognitive Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan Submitted 8 December 2009; accepted in final form 3 March 2010 ...
... Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto; and 2Division of Sensory and Cognitive Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan Submitted 8 December 2009; accepted in final form 3 March 2010 ...
Neurosurgery: Functional Regeneration after Laser Axotomy
... 12–24 hours (Fig.1b).Axons that showed partial, aberrant, or no regrowth within 24 hours did not show further improvement over longer observation times (up to 36 hours). To evaluate functional recovery associated with nerve regeneration, we tested the behaviour of operated worms as it related to mot ...
... 12–24 hours (Fig.1b).Axons that showed partial, aberrant, or no regrowth within 24 hours did not show further improvement over longer observation times (up to 36 hours). To evaluate functional recovery associated with nerve regeneration, we tested the behaviour of operated worms as it related to mot ...
video slide - Buena Park High School
... 6 The interneurons inhibit motor neurons that supply the hamstring (flexor) muscle. This inhibition prevents the hamstring from contracting, which would resist the action of the quadriceps. ...
... 6 The interneurons inhibit motor neurons that supply the hamstring (flexor) muscle. This inhibition prevents the hamstring from contracting, which would resist the action of the quadriceps. ...
Document
... A third neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT), also appears to play a role in activating behavior. Almost all of the brain’s serotonergic neurons are found in the raphe nuclei, which are located in the medullary and pontine regions of the reticular formation. ...
... A third neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT), also appears to play a role in activating behavior. Almost all of the brain’s serotonergic neurons are found in the raphe nuclei, which are located in the medullary and pontine regions of the reticular formation. ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... •Preganglionic sympathetic axons exit a spinal nerve to a sympathetic ganglia via a “white ramus” •Synapse with postganglionic neurons may occur at that or higher/lower spinal levels •Most postganglionic neurons rejoin the spinal nerve via the “gray ramus” to cutaneous, vascular & muscle targets in ...
... •Preganglionic sympathetic axons exit a spinal nerve to a sympathetic ganglia via a “white ramus” •Synapse with postganglionic neurons may occur at that or higher/lower spinal levels •Most postganglionic neurons rejoin the spinal nerve via the “gray ramus” to cutaneous, vascular & muscle targets in ...
Neurally Plausible Model of Robot Reaching Inspired by Infant
... In this dissertation, we present an abstract model of infant reaching that is neurally-plausible. This model is grounded in embodied artificial intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of the sensorimotor interaction of an agent and the world. It includes both learning sensorimotor correlations ...
... In this dissertation, we present an abstract model of infant reaching that is neurally-plausible. This model is grounded in embodied artificial intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of the sensorimotor interaction of an agent and the world. It includes both learning sensorimotor correlations ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... about translaminar innervation of these interneurons by spiny neurons in the main cortical input layer 4 (L4). Here, we investigated (1) how efficiently L4 spiny neurons excite L2/3 interneurons via monosynaptic connections, (2) whether glutamate release from axon terminals of L4 spiny neurons depen ...
... about translaminar innervation of these interneurons by spiny neurons in the main cortical input layer 4 (L4). Here, we investigated (1) how efficiently L4 spiny neurons excite L2/3 interneurons via monosynaptic connections, (2) whether glutamate release from axon terminals of L4 spiny neurons depen ...