The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... interest. Ultimately, this replay would lead to long-term synaptic changes that reinforce selective connections within associative cortical networks (Pennartz et al., 2002; Buzsáki, 1989). Although, evidence of replay was obtained in the hippocampus, proof that these signals reach the neocortex is ...
... interest. Ultimately, this replay would lead to long-term synaptic changes that reinforce selective connections within associative cortical networks (Pennartz et al., 2002; Buzsáki, 1989). Although, evidence of replay was obtained in the hippocampus, proof that these signals reach the neocortex is ...
Paper - Wharton Marketing
... Monkeys attempting to maximize local intake rates over the longterm should consider handling time as well as travel time2,3. To confirm that monkeys do so, we performed an additional behavioral experiment in which handling times, but not travel times, were varied from patch to patch (11 sessions, 6 ...
... Monkeys attempting to maximize local intake rates over the longterm should consider handling time as well as travel time2,3. To confirm that monkeys do so, we performed an additional behavioral experiment in which handling times, but not travel times, were varied from patch to patch (11 sessions, 6 ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... essential processes for the establishment of neural networks in different neuronal systems: neuronal migration, cell positioning and axon wiring. However, it is not known whether it regulates the development of A9-A10 tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. We report ...
... essential processes for the establishment of neural networks in different neuronal systems: neuronal migration, cell positioning and axon wiring. However, it is not known whether it regulates the development of A9-A10 tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. We report ...
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord
... weren’t inhibited to extend the other (contralateral) leg to stand on. ...
... weren’t inhibited to extend the other (contralateral) leg to stand on. ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... Lettvin; cf. Gross, 2002) is generally used to ridicule the claim that complex and meaningful stimuli are coded by individual cells in the cortex. Finkel (1988) called them “infamous grandmother cells” (p. 787). As noted by Connor (2005), “No one wants to be accused of believing in grandmother cells ...
... Lettvin; cf. Gross, 2002) is generally used to ridicule the claim that complex and meaningful stimuli are coded by individual cells in the cortex. Finkel (1988) called them “infamous grandmother cells” (p. 787). As noted by Connor (2005), “No one wants to be accused of believing in grandmother cells ...
Rotatory nystagmus - Besøk daftpunk.no
... Normally with the head at rest, in the neutral position the resting discharges in the two vestibular nerve are equal. Vestibulomotor (vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal) reflexes are elicited when inputs from the two vestibular organs or their central projection are made equal, that is, they are un ...
... Normally with the head at rest, in the neutral position the resting discharges in the two vestibular nerve are equal. Vestibulomotor (vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal) reflexes are elicited when inputs from the two vestibular organs or their central projection are made equal, that is, they are un ...
A PRIMER ON EEG AND RELATED MEASURES OF BRAIN ACTIVITY
... and ended at 2 s after S2. The waveforms numbered 17 to 32 represent the EEG as recorded on 16 separate trials. The uppermost waveform shows the result of signal averaging. The most notable features are a slowly rising negativity, plotted upwards, between S1 and S2, which is usually identified as t ...
... and ended at 2 s after S2. The waveforms numbered 17 to 32 represent the EEG as recorded on 16 separate trials. The uppermost waveform shows the result of signal averaging. The most notable features are a slowly rising negativity, plotted upwards, between S1 and S2, which is usually identified as t ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... cadmium, manganese, nickel and selenium, implicating ATP13A2 in the transport or regulation of these metal cations (16-17). A recent study suggests that the overexpression of human ATP13A2 may regulate the intracellular concentration of manganese in mammalian cells, and protects from manganese-induc ...
... cadmium, manganese, nickel and selenium, implicating ATP13A2 in the transport or regulation of these metal cations (16-17). A recent study suggests that the overexpression of human ATP13A2 may regulate the intracellular concentration of manganese in mammalian cells, and protects from manganese-induc ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... Neurophysiological Evidence Neurophysiological experiments demonstrate that when individuals observe an action done by another individual their motor cortex becomes active, in the absence of any overt motor activity. A first evidence in this sense was already provided in the 1950s by Gastaut and his ...
... Neurophysiological Evidence Neurophysiological experiments demonstrate that when individuals observe an action done by another individual their motor cortex becomes active, in the absence of any overt motor activity. A first evidence in this sense was already provided in the 1950s by Gastaut and his ...
The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of
... Fig. 1. The classical view of emotion. The classical view of emotion includes basic emotion theories (e.g. for a review, see Tracy and Randles, 2011), causal appraisal theories (e.g. Scherer, 2009; Roseman, 2011), and theories of emotion that rely on black-box functionalism (Davis, 1992; Anderson an ...
... Fig. 1. The classical view of emotion. The classical view of emotion includes basic emotion theories (e.g. for a review, see Tracy and Randles, 2011), causal appraisal theories (e.g. Scherer, 2009; Roseman, 2011), and theories of emotion that rely on black-box functionalism (Davis, 1992; Anderson an ...
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling during
... consists of several protein(s) or protein complexes that contains up to 16 different subunits. While the ATPase subunits perform the basic catalytic activities of the complex, the associated subunits have important roles in modulating the catalytic activity. For example, the associated subunit IES2 ...
... consists of several protein(s) or protein complexes that contains up to 16 different subunits. While the ATPase subunits perform the basic catalytic activities of the complex, the associated subunits have important roles in modulating the catalytic activity. For example, the associated subunit IES2 ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... both presynaptic and postsynaptic signals can be recorded with a single, extracellular pipette (Guinan and Li, 1990), and that juxtacellular (loose-patch) recordings can be used to quantify both the strength of synaptic transmission and postsynaptic excitability (Lorteije et al., 2009). Borst and co ...
... both presynaptic and postsynaptic signals can be recorded with a single, extracellular pipette (Guinan and Li, 1990), and that juxtacellular (loose-patch) recordings can be used to quantify both the strength of synaptic transmission and postsynaptic excitability (Lorteije et al., 2009). Borst and co ...
Title: Gene expression analysis of human induced pluripotent stem
... expression was compared between neurons derived from three iPSC lines using mRNA-Seq. Results: Analysis of 15q11-q13.1 gene expression in neurons derived from Dup15q iPSCs reveals that gene copy number does not consistently predict expression levels in cells with interstitial duplications of 15q11-q ...
... expression was compared between neurons derived from three iPSC lines using mRNA-Seq. Results: Analysis of 15q11-q13.1 gene expression in neurons derived from Dup15q iPSCs reveals that gene copy number does not consistently predict expression levels in cells with interstitial duplications of 15q11-q ...
Synaptic Competition during the Reformation of a Neuromuscular Map
... Several lines of recent evidence suggest that the reinnervation of mammalian muscle is more selective than originally thought. It is now well established that pools of spinal motor neurons project onto muscles, forming topographic maps (Swett et al., 1970; Brown and Booth, 1983a,b; Bennett and Lavid ...
... Several lines of recent evidence suggest that the reinnervation of mammalian muscle is more selective than originally thought. It is now well established that pools of spinal motor neurons project onto muscles, forming topographic maps (Swett et al., 1970; Brown and Booth, 1983a,b; Bennett and Lavid ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... Since the ganglion cells were obtained from animals aged 20 – 40 days, it is possible that developmental changes could be still occurring to the peripheral taste system in these animals. The full complement of rat fungiform taste buds is present by 20 days (Mistretta 1972), but taste buds in the cir ...
... Since the ganglion cells were obtained from animals aged 20 – 40 days, it is possible that developmental changes could be still occurring to the peripheral taste system in these animals. The full complement of rat fungiform taste buds is present by 20 days (Mistretta 1972), but taste buds in the cir ...
Thalamocortical projection from the ventral posteromedial nucleus
... dense plexus in layers IV and VI. Most of these fibers extended vertically in the columns and were highly branched (indicated by arrows in Fig. 1B). Different types of axon were also present. They entered SI distant from target sites, extended toward the brain surface, then sharply turned toward the ...
... dense plexus in layers IV and VI. Most of these fibers extended vertically in the columns and were highly branched (indicated by arrows in Fig. 1B). Different types of axon were also present. They entered SI distant from target sites, extended toward the brain surface, then sharply turned toward the ...
Presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in
... male rats increases serum GH levels (Mason et al., 1983) and similar stimulatory effects have also been observed in other species (Estienne et al., 1989; Shahab et al., 1993). Some of the actions of glutamate on the somatotropic axis may also be exerted at the hypophysial level. Ionotropic and metab ...
... male rats increases serum GH levels (Mason et al., 1983) and similar stimulatory effects have also been observed in other species (Estienne et al., 1989; Shahab et al., 1993). Some of the actions of glutamate on the somatotropic axis may also be exerted at the hypophysial level. Ionotropic and metab ...
PDGFRa-Positive B Cells Are Neural Stem Cells
... additional markers and factors regulating SVZ oligodendrogenesis have not been well characterized. During mouse development, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-a (PDGFRa) is expressed by neuroepithelial cells as early as E8.5 (Andrae et al., 2001). However, the role of PDGF in neuroepitheli ...
... additional markers and factors regulating SVZ oligodendrogenesis have not been well characterized. During mouse development, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-a (PDGFRa) is expressed by neuroepithelial cells as early as E8.5 (Andrae et al., 2001). However, the role of PDGF in neuroepitheli ...
and Third-Order Neurons of Cockroach Ocelli
... amplitude of V~t(f) per unit amplitude of Vw~(f ). The characteristic curve represents nonlinear aspects of synaptic transmission well (see Results), but is less effective in analyzing the dynamic aspects. By contrast, linear transfer function represents well the dynamic aspects of synaptic transmis ...
... amplitude of V~t(f) per unit amplitude of Vw~(f ). The characteristic curve represents nonlinear aspects of synaptic transmission well (see Results), but is less effective in analyzing the dynamic aspects. By contrast, linear transfer function represents well the dynamic aspects of synaptic transmis ...
Effects of excess vitamin B6 intake on cerebral cortex neurons in rat
... mg/kg daily dose chosen in this study is similar to that applied in previous studies [2, 32]. Vitamin B6 at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally to the experimental groups (EG-10, EG-15 and EG-20 for 10, 15 and 20 days, respectively). Physiological saline solution was injected for 10 ...
... mg/kg daily dose chosen in this study is similar to that applied in previous studies [2, 32]. Vitamin B6 at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally to the experimental groups (EG-10, EG-15 and EG-20 for 10, 15 and 20 days, respectively). Physiological saline solution was injected for 10 ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... One neuron, shown in Fig. 1, responded strongly and almost exclusively to photos of the actress Jennifer Aniston (shaded regions in the top row), regardless of the low-level features (e.g., color, edge orientation) that comprise her portrait. This selectivity and invariance is common in high-level c ...
... One neuron, shown in Fig. 1, responded strongly and almost exclusively to photos of the actress Jennifer Aniston (shaded regions in the top row), regardless of the low-level features (e.g., color, edge orientation) that comprise her portrait. This selectivity and invariance is common in high-level c ...
Supervised learning - TKK Automation Technology Laboratory
... • Find a neural network model for the system by using feed-forward neural network (Matlab ’doc newff’, Neural Network Toolbox). Choose a suitable number of neurons and their layers, suitable transfer functions for neurons and train and simulate the net. Plot the results. Comment on how well you can ...
... • Find a neural network model for the system by using feed-forward neural network (Matlab ’doc newff’, Neural Network Toolbox). Choose a suitable number of neurons and their layers, suitable transfer functions for neurons and train and simulate the net. Plot the results. Comment on how well you can ...
spinal cord
... the limbic system and other parts of the brain including the sensory areas • The limbic system is a ring of structures around the brainstem that includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of the thalamus • The amygdala is located in the temporal lobe and helps store an emotional experience as an ...
... the limbic system and other parts of the brain including the sensory areas • The limbic system is a ring of structures around the brainstem that includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of the thalamus • The amygdala is located in the temporal lobe and helps store an emotional experience as an ...