Cerebellar Loops with Motor Cortex and Prefrontal Cortex of a
... Cerebellar interconnections with the cerebral cortex were traditionally viewed as a massive open-loop system. At the input stage of this system, information from diverse cortical areas including motor, premotor, posterior parietal, cingulate, and prefrontal cortex is transmitted to the cerebellar co ...
... Cerebellar interconnections with the cerebral cortex were traditionally viewed as a massive open-loop system. At the input stage of this system, information from diverse cortical areas including motor, premotor, posterior parietal, cingulate, and prefrontal cortex is transmitted to the cerebellar co ...
Long lnterfascicular Axon Growth from Embryonic Neurons
... adult rat hosts. We now show that hippocampal neurons are able to grow comparably long interfascicular axons in two other myelinated adult fiber tracts, the corpus callosum and the cingulum. Moreover, suspensions of cells from embryonic neocortex and superior colliculus transplanted into each of the ...
... adult rat hosts. We now show that hippocampal neurons are able to grow comparably long interfascicular axons in two other myelinated adult fiber tracts, the corpus callosum and the cingulum. Moreover, suspensions of cells from embryonic neocortex and superior colliculus transplanted into each of the ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Finally, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to IT cortex (Mesulam et al 1983). This suggests that acetylcholine can modulate the responses of IT neurons. Cholinergic agonis ...
... response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Finally, cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain project to IT cortex (Mesulam et al 1983). This suggests that acetylcholine can modulate the responses of IT neurons. Cholinergic agonis ...
Chapter 49 - Nervous Systems
... ! Generating and experiencing emotion often require interactions between different parts of the brain ! The structure most important to the storage of emotion in the memory is the amygdala, a mass of nuclei near the base of the cerebrum ...
... ! Generating and experiencing emotion often require interactions between different parts of the brain ! The structure most important to the storage of emotion in the memory is the amygdala, a mass of nuclei near the base of the cerebrum ...
The W cell pathway to cat primary visual cortex
... In layer 1, single axons traversed just below the surface of the cortex for distances up to 4 mm. Numerous en passant varicosities formed along unmyelinated portions of the axon. These long axons emitted fine collaterals, most of which remained in layer 1, but some occasionally descended into layer 2 ...
... In layer 1, single axons traversed just below the surface of the cortex for distances up to 4 mm. Numerous en passant varicosities formed along unmyelinated portions of the axon. These long axons emitted fine collaterals, most of which remained in layer 1, but some occasionally descended into layer 2 ...
Chapter 08: The Chemical Senses
... mediate outflow of chloride ions : Unusually high intracellular Clconc. enhance depolarization (in contrast to what happens in other neurons) ...
... mediate outflow of chloride ions : Unusually high intracellular Clconc. enhance depolarization (in contrast to what happens in other neurons) ...
Chapter 14 - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... – Cell locations: axons are in spinal cord tracts; cell bodies are in ganglia, spinal cord gray horns, and brain gray matter – Each pathway is made of a chain of two or more neurons – Pathways are paired: there is a left and a right tract – Most pathways decussate: axons cross midline so brain proce ...
... – Cell locations: axons are in spinal cord tracts; cell bodies are in ganglia, spinal cord gray horns, and brain gray matter – Each pathway is made of a chain of two or more neurons – Pathways are paired: there is a left and a right tract – Most pathways decussate: axons cross midline so brain proce ...
Climbing Neuronal Activity as an Event
... the length of the delay period. This is in agreement with the scaling property of interval timing found in psychophysical studies on humans (Rakitin et al., 1998) and recently confirmed by in vivo experiments with monkeys (Leon and Shadlen, 2003). When the duration of a time interval is estimated, t ...
... the length of the delay period. This is in agreement with the scaling property of interval timing found in psychophysical studies on humans (Rakitin et al., 1998) and recently confirmed by in vivo experiments with monkeys (Leon and Shadlen, 2003). When the duration of a time interval is estimated, t ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... & Van Essen 1983c). However, single axon data suggest that the most potent input is probably from V1. These studies show that some V1 inputs to MT are highly specialized (Figure 3): They have larger axons (up to 3 µm in diameter, versus 1 µm for other ...
... & Van Essen 1983c). However, single axon data suggest that the most potent input is probably from V1. These studies show that some V1 inputs to MT are highly specialized (Figure 3): They have larger axons (up to 3 µm in diameter, versus 1 µm for other ...
3. NEURAL NETWORK MODELS 3.1 Early Approaches
... both on how the problem is posed and on the coding chosen for the pattern vector x. This can be illustrated as follows: Within a particular choice of coding, i.e., an assignment of “features” x1 , x2 , . . . , xL to each pattern, each pattern corresponds to a point x in a “feature space”(possibly of ...
... both on how the problem is posed and on the coding chosen for the pattern vector x. This can be illustrated as follows: Within a particular choice of coding, i.e., an assignment of “features” x1 , x2 , . . . , xL to each pattern, each pattern corresponds to a point x in a “feature space”(possibly of ...
Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells
... The amniotic fluid or liquor amnii, was first isolated and studied during the beginning of the 20th century (Brace et al., 1989). More recently, in the 1960s and 1970s there was an increased interest in characterization and culture of the cells contained in the amniotic fluid (Huisjes HJ, 1970; Marc ...
... The amniotic fluid or liquor amnii, was first isolated and studied during the beginning of the 20th century (Brace et al., 1989). More recently, in the 1960s and 1970s there was an increased interest in characterization and culture of the cells contained in the amniotic fluid (Huisjes HJ, 1970; Marc ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... areas in the posterior parietal cortex, but that these inputs terminated further forward in a number of premotor areas, including the ventral (PMv) and dorsal (PMd) premotor areas and the SMA. This early paper suggested that projections from these areas back into M1 might then allow vision to guide ...
... areas in the posterior parietal cortex, but that these inputs terminated further forward in a number of premotor areas, including the ventral (PMv) and dorsal (PMd) premotor areas and the SMA. This early paper suggested that projections from these areas back into M1 might then allow vision to guide ...
Molecular heterogeneity of central synapses: afferent and target
... enzymes and vesicular and plasma membrane transporters that determine the chemical nature of a synapse generally fall into this category. The GABA synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67), the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter responsible for loading GABA into vesicle ...
... enzymes and vesicular and plasma membrane transporters that determine the chemical nature of a synapse generally fall into this category. The GABA synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67), the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter responsible for loading GABA into vesicle ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
... the neuron is said to fire. The impulse is sent from the cell body (soma), through the axon, which influences the dendrites of the next neuron over narrow gaps called synapses. They translate the pulse in some degree into excitatory or inhibitory impulse of the next neuron (fig.9). ...
... the neuron is said to fire. The impulse is sent from the cell body (soma), through the axon, which influences the dendrites of the next neuron over narrow gaps called synapses. They translate the pulse in some degree into excitatory or inhibitory impulse of the next neuron (fig.9). ...
Axons, but not cell bodies, are activated by electrical stimulation in
... acetate (d.c. resistance 80±120 MW). d.c. potentials were amplified by an amplifier (Biologic VF 180) containing an active bridge circuit as well as capacity and resistance compensations, followed by a Neurolog device containing amplifiers and filters. The intracellular recordings were filtered with ...
... acetate (d.c. resistance 80±120 MW). d.c. potentials were amplified by an amplifier (Biologic VF 180) containing an active bridge circuit as well as capacity and resistance compensations, followed by a Neurolog device containing amplifiers and filters. The intracellular recordings were filtered with ...
Coding in the Granular Layer of the Cerebellum
... recordings, Golgi cell receptive fields are very large and often bilateral. They usually also reflect the consecutive activation of the two different mossy fiber pathways, with delays of the respective peak responses which are similar to those observed in the field potential recordings. The large re ...
... recordings, Golgi cell receptive fields are very large and often bilateral. They usually also reflect the consecutive activation of the two different mossy fiber pathways, with delays of the respective peak responses which are similar to those observed in the field potential recordings. The large re ...
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
... with epilepsy. Physicians diagnose 200,000 new cases of epilepsy each year. A variety of insults to the brain may result in epilepsy such as a birth defect, birth injury, bleeding in the brain, brain infection, brain tumor, head injury or stroke [2]. There are hundreds of epilepsy syndromes, many of ...
... with epilepsy. Physicians diagnose 200,000 new cases of epilepsy each year. A variety of insults to the brain may result in epilepsy such as a birth defect, birth injury, bleeding in the brain, brain infection, brain tumor, head injury or stroke [2]. There are hundreds of epilepsy syndromes, many of ...
Multiple Representation in Primate SI
... Optical imaging of intrinsic cortical signals is a method based on the activity‐dependent reflectance changes of cortical tissue. The imaging procedure uses a charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera to record the minute changes in optical absorption that accompanies cortical activity (Blasdel and Salama, ...
... Optical imaging of intrinsic cortical signals is a method based on the activity‐dependent reflectance changes of cortical tissue. The imaging procedure uses a charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera to record the minute changes in optical absorption that accompanies cortical activity (Blasdel and Salama, ...
Frontal Eye Fields - Psychological Sciences
... severe impairment in saccade production that recovers in some but not all respects over time. If the fundus of the arcuate sulcus is ablated, pursuit deficits occur. The direct influence of FEF on saccade production seems to be mediated by neurons in FEF that are activated specifically before and du ...
... severe impairment in saccade production that recovers in some but not all respects over time. If the fundus of the arcuate sulcus is ablated, pursuit deficits occur. The direct influence of FEF on saccade production seems to be mediated by neurons in FEF that are activated specifically before and du ...