Afferents of dopamine neurons
... Yung, Bolam, Smith, Hersch, Ciliax & Levey (1995). Neuroscience. 65 :709-730 ...
... Yung, Bolam, Smith, Hersch, Ciliax & Levey (1995). Neuroscience. 65 :709-730 ...
The Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, and Maintenance of
... processed and transmitted by a neuron depends on its location in the nervous system. For example, nerve cells associated with visual pathways convey information about the external environment, such as light and dark, to the brain; neurons associated with motor pathways convey information to control ...
... processed and transmitted by a neuron depends on its location in the nervous system. For example, nerve cells associated with visual pathways convey information about the external environment, such as light and dark, to the brain; neurons associated with motor pathways convey information to control ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... presynaptic excitability (see Methods for details). The effect of this optimal adaptation rule is to normalize the inputs from each presynaptic neuron. Inputs from presynaptic neurons with high excitability will tend to have low gain, while inputs from neurons with low excitability will tend to have ...
... presynaptic excitability (see Methods for details). The effect of this optimal adaptation rule is to normalize the inputs from each presynaptic neuron. Inputs from presynaptic neurons with high excitability will tend to have low gain, while inputs from neurons with low excitability will tend to have ...
firing pattern modulation by oscillatory input in
... input/output transformations of single neurons within the context of an intact network. However, in vitro methodologies have been employed to study the response of individual neurons to periodic inputs. Sinusoidal currents have been injected into a wide variety of cells (Guttman et al., 1980; Carand ...
... input/output transformations of single neurons within the context of an intact network. However, in vitro methodologies have been employed to study the response of individual neurons to periodic inputs. Sinusoidal currents have been injected into a wide variety of cells (Guttman et al., 1980; Carand ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... and others 1998). This finding implies that there exist motor cortical circuits for the coordination of antagonistic muscles (see also Humphrey and Reed 1983). The spinal cord circuits impose a single coordination pattern between antagonistic muscles, reciprocal inhibition (Sherrington 1913; e.g., s ...
... and others 1998). This finding implies that there exist motor cortical circuits for the coordination of antagonistic muscles (see also Humphrey and Reed 1983). The spinal cord circuits impose a single coordination pattern between antagonistic muscles, reciprocal inhibition (Sherrington 1913; e.g., s ...
Methods in cell biology Vol. 96
... Amphibians are classic model organisms for vertebrates in cell and developmental biology. Urodeles (newts and salamanders, such as Triturus and Ambystoma) and anurans (frogs and toads, such as Rana, Bufo, Xenopus) are the model species studied most intensively since the late 19th century. In the ear ...
... Amphibians are classic model organisms for vertebrates in cell and developmental biology. Urodeles (newts and salamanders, such as Triturus and Ambystoma) and anurans (frogs and toads, such as Rana, Bufo, Xenopus) are the model species studied most intensively since the late 19th century. In the ear ...
2011 - Università degli studi di Pavia
... 1885). Translating literally from his book: “It seems obvious to me to consider the cells, whose prolongations go directly to form a nervous fibre, as organs with a direct influence on peripheral parts; they would likely be organs connected with motor activity. The other cells, about which I am sure ...
... 1885). Translating literally from his book: “It seems obvious to me to consider the cells, whose prolongations go directly to form a nervous fibre, as organs with a direct influence on peripheral parts; they would likely be organs connected with motor activity. The other cells, about which I am sure ...
D:\Documents and Settings\mr\De
... sectioned and finally stained to study their histological developmental changes. Differentiation of epidermis took place from an ectoderm germinal cell layer and rate of differentiation and growth of epidermis was fast in neck dorsal region than other two regions under study. At CRL 16.4 cm appearan ...
... sectioned and finally stained to study their histological developmental changes. Differentiation of epidermis took place from an ectoderm germinal cell layer and rate of differentiation and growth of epidermis was fast in neck dorsal region than other two regions under study. At CRL 16.4 cm appearan ...
Uncomfortable images produce non-sparse responses in a model of
... models of populations of neurons with properties similar to those found in the visual cortex have been shown to produce sparse responses to natural image inputs [4]. Equally, learning algorithms that seek to generate sparse responses to natural image samples produce units with receptive fields that ...
... models of populations of neurons with properties similar to those found in the visual cortex have been shown to produce sparse responses to natural image inputs [4]. Equally, learning algorithms that seek to generate sparse responses to natural image samples produce units with receptive fields that ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... Rees et al., 2000; Shmuel et al., 2006; Viswanathan and Freeman, 2007). Several reports have emphasized the close coupling between local field potential (LFP) activity and BOLD activity (or other measures of the hemodynamic response), de-emphasizing correlations to single-unit and multi-unit action ...
... Rees et al., 2000; Shmuel et al., 2006; Viswanathan and Freeman, 2007). Several reports have emphasized the close coupling between local field potential (LFP) activity and BOLD activity (or other measures of the hemodynamic response), de-emphasizing correlations to single-unit and multi-unit action ...
Activity of Bipolar Potential Generation in Paramecium
... process for production of cyclic AMP as the second messenger mediated by some enzyme from ATP. When the potential drops down under the resting potential, K+ efflux is induced at the central part to reduce the potential difference between two zones. Electro-physically, loss (efflux) of positive charg ...
... process for production of cyclic AMP as the second messenger mediated by some enzyme from ATP. When the potential drops down under the resting potential, K+ efflux is induced at the central part to reduce the potential difference between two zones. Electro-physically, loss (efflux) of positive charg ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... identified in cortical neurons of animals exposed to LTIH (Xu et al., 2004) and thus may highlight injured wake-active neurons. The second and fifth 1:6 sets of sections from the above nonsleep-deprived mice (LTIH, n ⫽ 5; sham LTIH, n ⫽ 5) were used for double labeling of wake neuron identifier and ...
... identified in cortical neurons of animals exposed to LTIH (Xu et al., 2004) and thus may highlight injured wake-active neurons. The second and fifth 1:6 sets of sections from the above nonsleep-deprived mice (LTIH, n ⫽ 5; sham LTIH, n ⫽ 5) were used for double labeling of wake neuron identifier and ...
Bio Chap 15 - mlfarrispsych
... consistent with Bowen’s view that state-dependent learning is involved. ...
... consistent with Bowen’s view that state-dependent learning is involved. ...
The non-classical auditory pathways are involved in hearing in
... respond to both auditory and somatosensory stimulation and can either enhance or suppress the response to sound [1,2]. There are also other possibilities of interaction between somatosensory and the auditory stimuli. Thus the fact that some cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus receive somatosensory ...
... respond to both auditory and somatosensory stimulation and can either enhance or suppress the response to sound [1,2]. There are also other possibilities of interaction between somatosensory and the auditory stimuli. Thus the fact that some cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus receive somatosensory ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postgan ...
... Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postgan ...
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit
... Proprioceptive sensory signals inform the CNS of the consequences of motor acts, but effective motor planning involves internal neural systems capable of anticipating actual sensory feedback. Just where and how predictive systems exert their influence remains poorly understood. We explored the possi ...
... Proprioceptive sensory signals inform the CNS of the consequences of motor acts, but effective motor planning involves internal neural systems capable of anticipating actual sensory feedback. Just where and how predictive systems exert their influence remains poorly understood. We explored the possi ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... extended basal forebrain areas, particularly in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and the region ventral to it. Terminals were also found to a lesser extent in the ventral part of the substantia innominata and in ventral pallidal areas adjoining ventral striatal territories. Similarly, labele ...
... extended basal forebrain areas, particularly in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band and the region ventral to it. Terminals were also found to a lesser extent in the ventral part of the substantia innominata and in ventral pallidal areas adjoining ventral striatal territories. Similarly, labele ...
Spindle-Like Thalamocortical Synchronization in a Rat Brain Slice
... resembled electroencephalograph (EEG) spindles recorded in vivo, disappeared in both cortex and thalamus during application of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid in VB (n ⫽ 6). By contrast, cortical application of kynurenic acid (n ⫽ 4) abolished spindle-like oscillations a ...
... resembled electroencephalograph (EEG) spindles recorded in vivo, disappeared in both cortex and thalamus during application of the excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid in VB (n ⫽ 6). By contrast, cortical application of kynurenic acid (n ⫽ 4) abolished spindle-like oscillations a ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... Serotonin was detected a long time ago inside ‘astronomic numbers’ of electrodense vesicles in the soma of Retzius neurons [39]. However, that the vesicles rest distantly from the plasma membrane demolished expectations for a somatic exocytosis. Years later, quantal exocytosis of serotonin from soma ...
... Serotonin was detected a long time ago inside ‘astronomic numbers’ of electrodense vesicles in the soma of Retzius neurons [39]. However, that the vesicles rest distantly from the plasma membrane demolished expectations for a somatic exocytosis. Years later, quantal exocytosis of serotonin from soma ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... and the POR reciprocally connects to the medial entorhinal cortex (Burwell and Amaral, 1998; Furtak et al., 2007b). Therefore, the PRC may process some spatial information in rodents (Liu and Bilkey, 1998; Burke et al., 2012). The PRC also receives dense projections from other subcortical structures ...
... and the POR reciprocally connects to the medial entorhinal cortex (Burwell and Amaral, 1998; Furtak et al., 2007b). Therefore, the PRC may process some spatial information in rodents (Liu and Bilkey, 1998; Burke et al., 2012). The PRC also receives dense projections from other subcortical structures ...
Motor systems Basal ganglia
... the adjacent figure. The caudate and putamen have similar functions, and we will consider them as one in this discussion. Together the caudate and putamen are called the neostriatum or simply striatum. All input to the basal ganglia circuit comes via the striatum. This input comes mainly from motor ...
... the adjacent figure. The caudate and putamen have similar functions, and we will consider them as one in this discussion. Together the caudate and putamen are called the neostriatum or simply striatum. All input to the basal ganglia circuit comes via the striatum. This input comes mainly from motor ...
Mechanisms for Sensing Fat in Food in the Mouth
... This paper summarizes evidence on how fat in food is sensed in the mouth, how the pleasantness of fat texture is represented in the brain (Rolls 2011b), and some of the implications for the design of foods relevant to the prevention and treatment of obesity (Rolls 2011c). This is an important issue, ...
... This paper summarizes evidence on how fat in food is sensed in the mouth, how the pleasantness of fat texture is represented in the brain (Rolls 2011b), and some of the implications for the design of foods relevant to the prevention and treatment of obesity (Rolls 2011c). This is an important issue, ...