Membrane lipids and gill Na+/K+-ATPase in eel
... used (isothermal at 220 °C, helium as the carrier gas). Samples were analyzed against a FAME calibration standard and control. Peaks were included in the analysis (1) if they constituted more than 1 % of total FAMEs, or (2) if less than ...
... used (isothermal at 220 °C, helium as the carrier gas). Samples were analyzed against a FAME calibration standard and control. Peaks were included in the analysis (1) if they constituted more than 1 % of total FAMEs, or (2) if less than ...
ref. #28 of the TIBS article
... of dog pancreas microsomes, and MGD values were obtained by determining the number of residues between a given reference residue at the lumenal end of the TMH and the glycosylation acceptor Asn needed to get half-maximal glycosylation. Calibration: the phage M13 coat protein We have shown that the N ...
... of dog pancreas microsomes, and MGD values were obtained by determining the number of residues between a given reference residue at the lumenal end of the TMH and the glycosylation acceptor Asn needed to get half-maximal glycosylation. Calibration: the phage M13 coat protein We have shown that the N ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... data indicate that the slices used here likely included primary auditory cortex. However, the slices certainly included nonprimary auditory cortex as well. These areas abut primary cortex on ventral and caudal sides (and may completely surround primary cortex; Scheel 1988), and receive projections f ...
... data indicate that the slices used here likely included primary auditory cortex. However, the slices certainly included nonprimary auditory cortex as well. These areas abut primary cortex on ventral and caudal sides (and may completely surround primary cortex; Scheel 1988), and receive projections f ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... compartment. The model contains several sets of currents. First, to produce action potentials, the model includes a sodium current (INa), potassium currents, and a leak current (Il). Because STN neurons express Kv3-type and A-type K⫹ currents (IA) as voltage-dependent K⫹ channels (Wigmore and Lacey ...
... compartment. The model contains several sets of currents. First, to produce action potentials, the model includes a sodium current (INa), potassium currents, and a leak current (Il). Because STN neurons express Kv3-type and A-type K⫹ currents (IA) as voltage-dependent K⫹ channels (Wigmore and Lacey ...
Effect of the Electrical Double Layer on
... use of K-I for characterizing the electrical double layer thickness at equilibrium, there is no single parameter that is generally useful for characterizing 6 for all electrode systems. Therefore, we limit our discussion in this report to spherical microelectrodes for which a true steady-state curre ...
... use of K-I for characterizing the electrical double layer thickness at equilibrium, there is no single parameter that is generally useful for characterizing 6 for all electrode systems. Therefore, we limit our discussion in this report to spherical microelectrodes for which a true steady-state curre ...
Novel forms of tryptophan glycoconjugates: chemical versus
... Figure 1. Postulated reaction products of tryptophan with aldohexoses. Besides the well-known Amadori rearrangement product (ARP), we considered tryptophan-N-glycosides, -C-glycosyl derivatives and glyco-tetrahydro-b-carbolines as primary condensation products. To prove formation of these novel try ...
... Figure 1. Postulated reaction products of tryptophan with aldohexoses. Besides the well-known Amadori rearrangement product (ARP), we considered tryptophan-N-glycosides, -C-glycosyl derivatives and glyco-tetrahydro-b-carbolines as primary condensation products. To prove formation of these novel try ...
Effect of pH on the Electrodeposition of ZnTe Film from a Citric Acid
... 3.5 eV.2) The low electronic affinity and its p-type conductivity characteristics have improved the ohmic contact on CdTe or GaAs p-type semiconductors, which are abssorber material in high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. ZnTe thin films have been prepared by several techniques including molecular beam ...
... 3.5 eV.2) The low electronic affinity and its p-type conductivity characteristics have improved the ohmic contact on CdTe or GaAs p-type semiconductors, which are abssorber material in high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. ZnTe thin films have been prepared by several techniques including molecular beam ...
Endoplasmic reticulum potassium–hydrogen exchanger and small
... transporters in ER membranes is still to be demonstrated. In the next series of experiments, SKCa and KATP channels were visualized using a specific antibody or glibenclamide-BODIPY FL in cortical neurons expressing the fluorescent ER marker pDsRed2-ER. In neurons, the ER is dispersed throughout the ...
... transporters in ER membranes is still to be demonstrated. In the next series of experiments, SKCa and KATP channels were visualized using a specific antibody or glibenclamide-BODIPY FL in cortical neurons expressing the fluorescent ER marker pDsRed2-ER. In neurons, the ER is dispersed throughout the ...
Modeling Root Zone Effects on Preferred Pathways for the Passive
... Miklavcic, 2014; Sakurai et al., 2015). Modeling also allows us to determine the relative contributions of different driving forces, such as diffusion and convection, to the overall transport process. Finally, it is relevant to consider how much of the observed ion uptake and concentration distribut ...
... Miklavcic, 2014; Sakurai et al., 2015). Modeling also allows us to determine the relative contributions of different driving forces, such as diffusion and convection, to the overall transport process. Finally, it is relevant to consider how much of the observed ion uptake and concentration distribut ...
Osmotic Water Permeability of Isolated Protoplasts. Modifications
... external medium. Measurements of Pos by standard light microscopy have been performed on epidermal cells (Url, 1971; Stadelmann and Lee-Stadelmann, 1989) and more recently on mouse oocytes (Gao et al., 1994, 1996). When individual cells cannot be easily observed in the tissue, it may be of interest ...
... external medium. Measurements of Pos by standard light microscopy have been performed on epidermal cells (Url, 1971; Stadelmann and Lee-Stadelmann, 1989) and more recently on mouse oocytes (Gao et al., 1994, 1996). When individual cells cannot be easily observed in the tissue, it may be of interest ...
physiological reviews
... also, but it now seems (45, 152, 219, 218) that endolymph contains no more protein than cerebrospinal fluid, and that perilymph may contain twice as much. The perilymphatic space communicates with the cerebrospinal space by the cochlear aqueduct and by perineural and perivascular spaces in the inter ...
... also, but it now seems (45, 152, 219, 218) that endolymph contains no more protein than cerebrospinal fluid, and that perilymph may contain twice as much. The perilymphatic space communicates with the cerebrospinal space by the cochlear aqueduct and by perineural and perivascular spaces in the inter ...
University of Groningen The Plasma Membrane of
... the membrane as a continuous sea of lipids dotted with globular proteins which are able to move unrestricted within the plane of the membrane. In this model, the lipids not only diffuse freely within the plane of the membrane but also undergo rotational and transverse motions (flip-flop). The high l ...
... the membrane as a continuous sea of lipids dotted with globular proteins which are able to move unrestricted within the plane of the membrane. In this model, the lipids not only diffuse freely within the plane of the membrane but also undergo rotational and transverse motions (flip-flop). The high l ...
aud
... (Notice that the pressure version of the decibel formula is being used here rather than the intensity version. That is because the lever advantage produces an increase in force and, therefore, pressure.) If this 2.3 dB pressure amplification is added to the 25.4 dB that is produced by the condensati ...
... (Notice that the pressure version of the decibel formula is being used here rather than the intensity version. That is because the lever advantage produces an increase in force and, therefore, pressure.) If this 2.3 dB pressure amplification is added to the 25.4 dB that is produced by the condensati ...
Facilitated transport of small molecules and ions for energy
... vapour pressure and high viscosity. Besides, the high flexibility of ionic liquid chemistry allows elaborate design and synthesis of appropriate SILMs. The carrier can be either a solute or a portion of the ionic liquid, and both charged and uncharged carriers are available. Although carrier mobilit ...
... vapour pressure and high viscosity. Besides, the high flexibility of ionic liquid chemistry allows elaborate design and synthesis of appropriate SILMs. The carrier can be either a solute or a portion of the ionic liquid, and both charged and uncharged carriers are available. Although carrier mobilit ...
48-nervous text - Everglades High School
... • Since most neurons have many synapses on their dendrites and cell body – A single EPSP is usually too small to trigger an action potential in a postsynaptic neuron Terminal branch of presynaptic neuron ...
... • Since most neurons have many synapses on their dendrites and cell body – A single EPSP is usually too small to trigger an action potential in a postsynaptic neuron Terminal branch of presynaptic neuron ...
Structure of the Transmembrane Cysteine Residues in
... FTIR DATA PROCESSING Interferograms were processed in an identical manner, using single point zero filling and Happ-Genzel apodization, followed by automatic base line correction of the resulting spectra. The S-H frequency is extremely weak in the IR spectrum and consequently slight differences are ...
... FTIR DATA PROCESSING Interferograms were processed in an identical manner, using single point zero filling and Happ-Genzel apodization, followed by automatic base line correction of the resulting spectra. The S-H frequency is extremely weak in the IR spectrum and consequently slight differences are ...
Fouks_Jordan_Phosvitin
... peptides, peptides complexed with ions, or other phenomena. This analysis is complicated by the potential ion binding nature of these phosphopeptides. Clusters of ions, like calcium, complicate the interpretation of what are noted here as potential multiply phosphorylated peptides. Trypsin hyd ...
... peptides, peptides complexed with ions, or other phenomena. This analysis is complicated by the potential ion binding nature of these phosphopeptides. Clusters of ions, like calcium, complicate the interpretation of what are noted here as potential multiply phosphorylated peptides. Trypsin hyd ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.