ref. #27 of the TIBS article
... MGD and n for a protein that does not use this pathway. Synaptobrevin is known to insert a hydrophobic C-terminal segment into the microsomal membrane by an as yet poorly understood mechanism that does not involve the SRP/Sec61 machinery (Kutay et al., 1995), and it can be glycosylated on its lumena ...
... MGD and n for a protein that does not use this pathway. Synaptobrevin is known to insert a hydrophobic C-terminal segment into the microsomal membrane by an as yet poorly understood mechanism that does not involve the SRP/Sec61 machinery (Kutay et al., 1995), and it can be glycosylated on its lumena ...
Rab Proteins and the Organization of Organelle Membrane Domains
... One of the purposes of a membrane domain is to establish and maintain membrane identity to thereby ensure intracellular transport directionality. Intracellular transport is a multistep process, which includes cargo selection, coated-vesicle formation, directed vesicular movement, target membrane rec ...
... One of the purposes of a membrane domain is to establish and maintain membrane identity to thereby ensure intracellular transport directionality. Intracellular transport is a multistep process, which includes cargo selection, coated-vesicle formation, directed vesicular movement, target membrane rec ...
Neuronal polarity: establishing and maintaining the axon initial
... ion channels in the postsynapse open, by for instance binding of a neurotransmitter, which result in a local influx of sodium ions. This influx of sodium ions depolarizes the membrane causing a local change in membrane resting potential (-60mV normally) towards a more positive charge. The electric s ...
... ion channels in the postsynapse open, by for instance binding of a neurotransmitter, which result in a local influx of sodium ions. This influx of sodium ions depolarizes the membrane causing a local change in membrane resting potential (-60mV normally) towards a more positive charge. The electric s ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... the initial segment of the axon (Fig. 3). Theoretical studies of action potential initiation have suggested that a 20to 1,000-fold higher density of sodium (Na⫹) channels in the axon relative to that found in the soma and dendrites is required to permit the polarity of spike initiation in the axon o ...
... the initial segment of the axon (Fig. 3). Theoretical studies of action potential initiation have suggested that a 20to 1,000-fold higher density of sodium (Na⫹) channels in the axon relative to that found in the soma and dendrites is required to permit the polarity of spike initiation in the axon o ...
Recent developments in the ion/ion chemistry of high
... The ability to form multiply charged high-mass ions in the gasphase, most notably via electrospray ionization (ESI), has allowed the study of many different combinations of positively and negatively charged ions. The charged products are directly amenable to study with mass spectrometry. Ion/ion rea ...
... The ability to form multiply charged high-mass ions in the gasphase, most notably via electrospray ionization (ESI), has allowed the study of many different combinations of positively and negatively charged ions. The charged products are directly amenable to study with mass spectrometry. Ion/ion rea ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 21. The endoplasmic reticulum is a: a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins. b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules. c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. d. structure that contains the chromosomes. ANS: A and Glia ...
... 21. The endoplasmic reticulum is a: a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins. b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules. c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. d. structure that contains the chromosomes. ANS: A and Glia ...
Essential oils in food preservation
... will provide an overview of what is currently known about the antimicrobial properties and the mode of action of selected essential oil constituents. Although studies have been performed on the mode of action of some essential oils (Table 1), analyzing the mode of action behind each constituent in t ...
... will provide an overview of what is currently known about the antimicrobial properties and the mode of action of selected essential oil constituents. Although studies have been performed on the mode of action of some essential oils (Table 1), analyzing the mode of action behind each constituent in t ...
Predissociation dynamics of lithium iodide
... or ultraviolet spectral range and are therefore well accessible by femtosecond lasers. Alkali halides are special in that their chemical bond has ionic character even in the electronic groundstate. This character results from the extremely differing electron affinities of the constituent atoms. As a ...
... or ultraviolet spectral range and are therefore well accessible by femtosecond lasers. Alkali halides are special in that their chemical bond has ionic character even in the electronic groundstate. This character results from the extremely differing electron affinities of the constituent atoms. As a ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 21. The endoplasmic reticulum is a: a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins. b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules. c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. d. structure that contains the chromosomes. ANS: A and Glia ...
... 21. The endoplasmic reticulum is a: a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins. b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules. c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside. d. structure that contains the chromosomes. ANS: A and Glia ...
Influence of Ionic Mobile Phase Additives with Low Charge
... selectivity is limited because the hydrophobic moiety of the charged species does not strongly contribute to the analyte retention driving force. ...
... selectivity is limited because the hydrophobic moiety of the charged species does not strongly contribute to the analyte retention driving force. ...
Flotation behaviour and surface characteristics of the artificial
... (Zhang et al., 2011). Therefore, the upgrading of titanium slag is an urgent need in the titanium industry. Flotation can be implemented to upgrade titanium slag, as it has long served the mineral processing field as a mature technology (Bahri et al., 2016; Albrecht et al., 2016). The primary titani ...
... (Zhang et al., 2011). Therefore, the upgrading of titanium slag is an urgent need in the titanium industry. Flotation can be implemented to upgrade titanium slag, as it has long served the mineral processing field as a mature technology (Bahri et al., 2016; Albrecht et al., 2016). The primary titani ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured in spiny neurons. We recognize that the si K+ current is likely to arise from at least two channel types, but for the sake of simplicity we have treated it as a single conductance. This combined outward curre ...
... account for the characteristic nonlinear voltage dependence of the outward current measured in spiny neurons. We recognize that the si K+ current is likely to arise from at least two channel types, but for the sake of simplicity we have treated it as a single conductance. This combined outward curre ...
Dissecting sterol function during clathrin-dependent
... INTRODUCTION Plant cells are delimited by a cell wall and by a plasma membrane which confers them spatial identity and defines the interface between cell and the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane can be defined as a solution of membrane proteins in a lipid bilayer solvent that can inte ...
... INTRODUCTION Plant cells are delimited by a cell wall and by a plasma membrane which confers them spatial identity and defines the interface between cell and the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane can be defined as a solution of membrane proteins in a lipid bilayer solvent that can inte ...
High Safety Factor for Action Potential Conduction Along Axons But
... areas where most distal measurements were made ( õ500 mm from the soma). Second, after placement of the cell of interest into the field of view but before establishing a whole cell recording, we used a phenol red–containing HBSS in one barrel of the perfusion system to confirm both rapid delivery fr ...
... areas where most distal measurements were made ( õ500 mm from the soma). Second, after placement of the cell of interest into the field of view but before establishing a whole cell recording, we used a phenol red–containing HBSS in one barrel of the perfusion system to confirm both rapid delivery fr ...
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... mimic those of the sphingolipids (74, 193, 281). As discussed in section II, this would indicate that some structural function, rather than a signaling one, accounts for the sphingolipid requirement in cell growth. A comparison of sphingolipid structures from evolutionary distinct organisms (see sec ...
... mimic those of the sphingolipids (74, 193, 281). As discussed in section II, this would indicate that some structural function, rather than a signaling one, accounts for the sphingolipid requirement in cell growth. A comparison of sphingolipid structures from evolutionary distinct organisms (see sec ...
Complexometric Titration
... Molecule or ion with at least 1 pair of unshared electron can form covalent bond with metal ion = ligands The bonding between metal and ligand generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs Eg of ligands = ammonia, cyanide ions, halide ions, water (neutral/-ve charg ...
... Molecule or ion with at least 1 pair of unshared electron can form covalent bond with metal ion = ligands The bonding between metal and ligand generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs Eg of ligands = ammonia, cyanide ions, halide ions, water (neutral/-ve charg ...
electric Potential
... A common means of creating electric potential is a battery. We’ll see in Chapters 24 and 25 how a battery uses chemical reactions to provide a source of (nearly) constant potential difference between its two terminals. An assortment of batteries is shown in Figure 23.5. At its simplest, a battery co ...
... A common means of creating electric potential is a battery. We’ll see in Chapters 24 and 25 how a battery uses chemical reactions to provide a source of (nearly) constant potential difference between its two terminals. An assortment of batteries is shown in Figure 23.5. At its simplest, a battery co ...
Plasma membrane microdomains from hybrid aspen cells are
... their involvement in physiological processes, rafts play a role in cell invasion by pathological micro-organisms and penetration of bacterial toxins [7]. While sterols and (glyco)sphingolipids are the common building blocks of all types of lipid rafts, their relative proportion in membrane microdoma ...
... their involvement in physiological processes, rafts play a role in cell invasion by pathological micro-organisms and penetration of bacterial toxins [7]. While sterols and (glyco)sphingolipids are the common building blocks of all types of lipid rafts, their relative proportion in membrane microdoma ...
Electron Impact Fragmentation of Size
... clusters upon the interaction with photon or electron impact. These processes are known to be dominated by extensive fragmentation.2-4 The first experimental results for size selected neutral clusters were published for Arn clusters.5-8 The dominant fragment channel for cluster sizes up to n ) 9 was ...
... clusters upon the interaction with photon or electron impact. These processes are known to be dominated by extensive fragmentation.2-4 The first experimental results for size selected neutral clusters were published for Arn clusters.5-8 The dominant fragment channel for cluster sizes up to n ) 9 was ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.