Electron Impact Fragmentation of Size
... clusters upon the interaction with photon or electron impact. These processes are known to be dominated by extensive fragmentation.2-4 The first experimental results for size selected neutral clusters were published for Arn clusters.5-8 The dominant fragment channel for cluster sizes up to n ) 9 was ...
... clusters upon the interaction with photon or electron impact. These processes are known to be dominated by extensive fragmentation.2-4 The first experimental results for size selected neutral clusters were published for Arn clusters.5-8 The dominant fragment channel for cluster sizes up to n ) 9 was ...
Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Division: Influence of
... the epigenetic program that supports cellular reproduction in all living organisms (Boal, 2012). The division program of any cellular organism involves changes in cell shape that are directly determined by the intrinsic deformability of the cellular plasma membrane. Far from being a passive element, ...
... the epigenetic program that supports cellular reproduction in all living organisms (Boal, 2012). The division program of any cellular organism involves changes in cell shape that are directly determined by the intrinsic deformability of the cellular plasma membrane. Far from being a passive element, ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... To demonstrate that the staining pattern in ganglia, nerves, and isolated cells represented lobster channel distribution, we always performed parallel controls in which the primary antibody was omitted, or the antibody was preabsorbed with the appropriate Shaker or Shal f usion protein, or the paren ...
... To demonstrate that the staining pattern in ganglia, nerves, and isolated cells represented lobster channel distribution, we always performed parallel controls in which the primary antibody was omitted, or the antibody was preabsorbed with the appropriate Shaker or Shal f usion protein, or the paren ...
AP Chemistry
... (A) A dark red precipitate forms and settles out. (B) Separate layers of immiscible liquids form. (C) The color turns from light blue to dark blue. (D) Bubbles of ammonia gas form. ...
... (A) A dark red precipitate forms and settles out. (B) Separate layers of immiscible liquids form. (C) The color turns from light blue to dark blue. (D) Bubbles of ammonia gas form. ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Dynamics and Synchronization in Neuronal Models
... is difficult to determine which is the appropriate level of details covered xvii ...
... is difficult to determine which is the appropriate level of details covered xvii ...
Calculating the conductivity of natural waters
... a mechanism not included in Eq. 4, provides a self-consistent explanation for this effect. Ion pairing or association occurs when oppositely charged ions are closer than a certain critical distance. They then act as a neutral molecule (in symmetrical electrolytes) and hence do not contribute to cond ...
... a mechanism not included in Eq. 4, provides a self-consistent explanation for this effect. Ion pairing or association occurs when oppositely charged ions are closer than a certain critical distance. They then act as a neutral molecule (in symmetrical electrolytes) and hence do not contribute to cond ...
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA, 54(27), 6850
... Gas diffusion across a proton exchange membrane (PEM) of a PEM fuel cell has important consequences for its performance and its durability [1,2]. Very thin membranes (~ 25 µm and less) are presently used in PEM fuel cells in order to decrease the membrane resistance and to increase power density. Ho ...
... Gas diffusion across a proton exchange membrane (PEM) of a PEM fuel cell has important consequences for its performance and its durability [1,2]. Very thin membranes (~ 25 µm and less) are presently used in PEM fuel cells in order to decrease the membrane resistance and to increase power density. Ho ...
Effect of phospholipid and (phospho)lipase - Annales UMCS
... properties are important in such systems because are they connected with their biocompatibility. It seems interesting to consider the possibility of functionalizing the model dispersions with the membrane-active biomolecules as the systems of biological significance with the desired biocompatibility ...
... properties are important in such systems because are they connected with their biocompatibility. It seems interesting to consider the possibility of functionalizing the model dispersions with the membrane-active biomolecules as the systems of biological significance with the desired biocompatibility ...
POTASSIUM IN SOIL – PLANT – HUMAN SYSTEM
... Potassium is one of the main elements which reduce perspiration, makes plants more resistent to frost and drought, to diseases and pests. It improves the quality of the yield and increases the storage time of the crops. It influences in the positive way the formation of the clorophyle. It ensures th ...
... Potassium is one of the main elements which reduce perspiration, makes plants more resistent to frost and drought, to diseases and pests. It improves the quality of the yield and increases the storage time of the crops. It influences in the positive way the formation of the clorophyle. It ensures th ...
Conditioning of Roots with Hypoxia Increases
... found that Al stress could induce K+ efflux or reduce K+ uptake to balance the charge created by the exudation of organic acids (Ma et al. 2001, Osawa and Matsumoto 2002), while some studies reported an Al-induced decrease in net K+ efflux (Tanoi et al. 2005, Bose et al. 2010b). Similarly, both hypo ...
... found that Al stress could induce K+ efflux or reduce K+ uptake to balance the charge created by the exudation of organic acids (Ma et al. 2001, Osawa and Matsumoto 2002), while some studies reported an Al-induced decrease in net K+ efflux (Tanoi et al. 2005, Bose et al. 2010b). Similarly, both hypo ...
Solubility
... The Formation & Dissolution of Precipitates • Solubility: maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent (depends on solvent, temperature and pressure) No compound is infinitely soluble and no compound is perfectly insoluble. ...
... The Formation & Dissolution of Precipitates • Solubility: maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent (depends on solvent, temperature and pressure) No compound is infinitely soluble and no compound is perfectly insoluble. ...
Review
... (PMCA) and smooth endoplasmic reticular Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) transporters. The Na/Ca exchanger (NCX), a major secondary regulator of [Ca2+], is electrogenic, exchanging three Na ions for one Ca2+. Intracellular Ca2+ hyperpolarizes many cells by activating K+ channels, and in some cells, Cl− channels. ...
... (PMCA) and smooth endoplasmic reticular Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) transporters. The Na/Ca exchanger (NCX), a major secondary regulator of [Ca2+], is electrogenic, exchanging three Na ions for one Ca2+. Intracellular Ca2+ hyperpolarizes many cells by activating K+ channels, and in some cells, Cl− channels. ...
Salinity Effects on the Activity of Plasma Membrane H+ and Ca2+
... Okazaki et al., 1996), although others attribute these data to methodological drawbacks of dye loading (Cramer and Jones, 1996). The origin of these [Ca2 ]cyt changes is not clear. Both Ca2 transport through the plasma membrane and Ca2 release from intracellular stores have been suggested as poss ...
... Okazaki et al., 1996), although others attribute these data to methodological drawbacks of dye loading (Cramer and Jones, 1996). The origin of these [Ca2 ]cyt changes is not clear. Both Ca2 transport through the plasma membrane and Ca2 release from intracellular stores have been suggested as poss ...
Anion-Channel Blockers Inhibit S-Type Anion
... probenecid and niflumic acid (Greger, 1991) also prevented ABA inhibition of stomatal opening in Commelina. The Ki for 50% reversal of ABA inhibition of stomatal opening is approximately 120 p~ for 9-AC (Fig. 3), 400 p~ for probenecid, and only 18 p~ for niflumic acid (data not shown). When used at ...
... probenecid and niflumic acid (Greger, 1991) also prevented ABA inhibition of stomatal opening in Commelina. The Ki for 50% reversal of ABA inhibition of stomatal opening is approximately 120 p~ for 9-AC (Fig. 3), 400 p~ for probenecid, and only 18 p~ for niflumic acid (data not shown). When used at ...
Ion Changes in Legume Root Hairs Responding to Nod
... perception system for non-sulfated Nod factors may represent an evolutionary relic that is still functional and able to recognize undecorated Nod signal structures (Felix et al., 1993; Baureithel et al., 1994; Staehelin et al., 1994). Given the alkalinization of the cytosol in response to Nod factor ...
... perception system for non-sulfated Nod factors may represent an evolutionary relic that is still functional and able to recognize undecorated Nod signal structures (Felix et al., 1993; Baureithel et al., 1994; Staehelin et al., 1994). Given the alkalinization of the cytosol in response to Nod factor ...
Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... The action potential is considered one of the major signalling events in the brain and malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of actio ...
... The action potential is considered one of the major signalling events in the brain and malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of actio ...
Glycerolipid transfer for the building of membranes in plant cells.
... other membranes through aqueous phase. Based on the very rapid spontaneous lateral diffusion of lipids within membrane lateral surfaces (0.1 to 1 µm2.s-1; [11]), the lipid distribution in vesicular connected organelles should be homogenous. The fact that this is clearly not the case indicates that v ...
... other membranes through aqueous phase. Based on the very rapid spontaneous lateral diffusion of lipids within membrane lateral surfaces (0.1 to 1 µm2.s-1; [11]), the lipid distribution in vesicular connected organelles should be homogenous. The fact that this is clearly not the case indicates that v ...
Dual-topology membrane proteins Escherichia coli Susanna Seppälä
... compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, simply put, large conglomerates of specialized, yet discrete, cells. The generation and maintenance of intracellular and organellar disparity is largely managed by membrane proteins that permit a controlled, conti ...
... compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, simply put, large conglomerates of specialized, yet discrete, cells. The generation and maintenance of intracellular and organellar disparity is largely managed by membrane proteins that permit a controlled, conti ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.