OSMOSIS (A self-instructional package)
... 2. Write van't Hoff's Law (π = iRTc) and use this equation to estimate the osmotic pressure of a solution. State that van't Hoff's Law applies exactly only to very dilute solutions. 3. State that the osmotic coefficient (Φ) is used to correct for deviations of real solutions from the predictions of ...
... 2. Write van't Hoff's Law (π = iRTc) and use this equation to estimate the osmotic pressure of a solution. State that van't Hoff's Law applies exactly only to very dilute solutions. 3. State that the osmotic coefficient (Φ) is used to correct for deviations of real solutions from the predictions of ...
molecular mechanisms and regulation of k+ transport in higher plants
... Potassium (K+) can compose up to 10% of the total plant dry weight. As it is compatible with protein structure at high concentration, K+ is the most abundant cation in the cytosol where it plays a role in basic functions, such as osmoregulation, electrical neutralization of anionic groups, and contr ...
... Potassium (K+) can compose up to 10% of the total plant dry weight. As it is compatible with protein structure at high concentration, K+ is the most abundant cation in the cytosol where it plays a role in basic functions, such as osmoregulation, electrical neutralization of anionic groups, and contr ...
Journal of Bacteriology 186:
... and the diffusion rate constant (ka). The excimer-to-monomer ratio increases linearly with the pyrene concentration. The probe’s lateral diffusion can be derived from the slope of the curve as follows: excimer/monomer ⫽ kaPyCPy (9). Samples of bacterial cultures at steady-state growth, OD450 ⫽ 0.25 ...
... and the diffusion rate constant (ka). The excimer-to-monomer ratio increases linearly with the pyrene concentration. The probe’s lateral diffusion can be derived from the slope of the curve as follows: excimer/monomer ⫽ kaPyCPy (9). Samples of bacterial cultures at steady-state growth, OD450 ⫽ 0.25 ...
isolation and characterization of the membrane
... The membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules is shown by ultrastructural and biochemical studies to be derived from, and to retain the characteristics of, the host cell plasma membrane. During the early stages of the infection process, which occurs through an invagination, ...
... The membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules is shown by ultrastructural and biochemical studies to be derived from, and to retain the characteristics of, the host cell plasma membrane. During the early stages of the infection process, which occurs through an invagination, ...
Ion specific effects of sodium and potassium on the catalytic activity
... observed in potassium-containing buffers are higher than those observed in the corresponding sodium-containing buffers. For quantification of the dependence of Peptide 1 and 2 hydrolysis on salt concentration, we determined the kinetic constants KM and kcat at various salt concentrations at pH 6.0 ( ...
... observed in potassium-containing buffers are higher than those observed in the corresponding sodium-containing buffers. For quantification of the dependence of Peptide 1 and 2 hydrolysis on salt concentration, we determined the kinetic constants KM and kcat at various salt concentrations at pH 6.0 ( ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... with respect to percentage of protection and drug concentration between and within groups were significant at 5% level (p<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of the present investigation it could be inferred that the methanolic extract of Litsea quinqueflora leaves possesses significant anti-inflammator ...
... with respect to percentage of protection and drug concentration between and within groups were significant at 5% level (p<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of the present investigation it could be inferred that the methanolic extract of Litsea quinqueflora leaves possesses significant anti-inflammator ...
BI 112 Instructor: Waite Exam #4 Study Guide Cell Membrane
... derived from the cytoskeleton and are based on microtubules; know the differences between them, and principal functions of each ...
... derived from the cytoskeleton and are based on microtubules; know the differences between them, and principal functions of each ...
Comparison between Free and Immobilized Ion
... (nanorod) and a large surface (nonpolar plate), it is interesting to ask what is the thermodynamic driving force of such interaction. According to the partition of the free energy, ΔG = ΔH − TΔS (where H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and S is entropy), the temperature dependence in Figure 2 is indi ...
... (nanorod) and a large surface (nonpolar plate), it is interesting to ask what is the thermodynamic driving force of such interaction. According to the partition of the free energy, ΔG = ΔH − TΔS (where H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and S is entropy), the temperature dependence in Figure 2 is indi ...
The advantages of being small Stockholm University
... Life would not exist without the biological membrane, the shield that separates the cell from its surrounding making it possible to have a different environment within. The membrane consists of both a large variety of different lipids forming a bilayer and membrane proteins embedded in the lipid lay ...
... Life would not exist without the biological membrane, the shield that separates the cell from its surrounding making it possible to have a different environment within. The membrane consists of both a large variety of different lipids forming a bilayer and membrane proteins embedded in the lipid lay ...
The endocytosis of cellulose synthase in
... Copyright © 2013 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright © 2013 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
The safe and just space - University of Copenhagen
... membrane transport calcium out of the cell, whereas the same in the ER sequester calcium ions in the lumen of the ER. In addition, some cells have sodium-calcium exchangers that further reduce the cytosolic calcium concentration. Finally, mitochondria can transport calcium into the mitochondrial mat ...
... membrane transport calcium out of the cell, whereas the same in the ER sequester calcium ions in the lumen of the ER. In addition, some cells have sodium-calcium exchangers that further reduce the cytosolic calcium concentration. Finally, mitochondria can transport calcium into the mitochondrial mat ...
Sodium-Accelerated Platelet Aggregation in Men Predisposed to
... was no difference in the ratio between the two groups. The plasma levels of sodium and potassium did not change in either group after the high salt diet. The activity of platelet aggregation with various concentrations of ADP is shown in Table 1. The group with a predisposition to essential hyperten ...
... was no difference in the ratio between the two groups. The plasma levels of sodium and potassium did not change in either group after the high salt diet. The activity of platelet aggregation with various concentrations of ADP is shown in Table 1. The group with a predisposition to essential hyperten ...
CLC Chloride Channels in Caenorhabditis elegans*
... The cDNAs of CeCLC-1, -2, and -5 contain SL1 leader sequences at their 59 ends. This is because of trans-splicing of their mRNAs, a common phenomenon in C. elegans (18). The completion of the C. elegans Genome Project (19) revealed that there is just one additional CLC gene in its genome, bringing t ...
... The cDNAs of CeCLC-1, -2, and -5 contain SL1 leader sequences at their 59 ends. This is because of trans-splicing of their mRNAs, a common phenomenon in C. elegans (18). The completion of the C. elegans Genome Project (19) revealed that there is just one additional CLC gene in its genome, bringing t ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.