Excitation of Rat Locus Coeruleus Neurons by Adenosine 5
... was usually not possible because of spikelike oscillations in membrane current, presumably resulting from calcium action potentials in uncIamped regions of the cell; these were blocked with calcium-free/high-magnesium solution, permitting the Z/V relation to be determined over a wider voltage range. ...
... was usually not possible because of spikelike oscillations in membrane current, presumably resulting from calcium action potentials in uncIamped regions of the cell; these were blocked with calcium-free/high-magnesium solution, permitting the Z/V relation to be determined over a wider voltage range. ...
Regulation of macronutrient transport
... greatly aided by techniques that directly measure nutrient movement through the respective transport proteins and high-resolution structural models on which to base structure– function analysis. The former are available for ion channels (e.g. patch clamp analysis), and the latter exist for some ion ...
... greatly aided by techniques that directly measure nutrient movement through the respective transport proteins and high-resolution structural models on which to base structure– function analysis. The former are available for ion channels (e.g. patch clamp analysis), and the latter exist for some ion ...
History, Introduction, and Kinetics of Ion Exchange Materials
... are exchanged for different ions of similar charge in solution. The exchanger must have an open network structure, either organic or inorganic, which carries the ions and which allows ions to pass through it. An ion exchanger is a water-insoluble substance which can exchange some of its ions for sim ...
... are exchanged for different ions of similar charge in solution. The exchanger must have an open network structure, either organic or inorganic, which carries the ions and which allows ions to pass through it. An ion exchanger is a water-insoluble substance which can exchange some of its ions for sim ...
Specific adsorption of carbonate ions at the zinc oxide/electrolyte
... All measurements were carried out on commercial (Aldrich) zinc oxide (zincite structure). The specific surface of the powder, determined by the Braunauer Emmet Teller (BET) method (nitrogen adsorption - desorption) was 5.7 m2/g. BJH (Barret, Joyner, Halenda) cumulative desorption volume of pores bet ...
... All measurements were carried out on commercial (Aldrich) zinc oxide (zincite structure). The specific surface of the powder, determined by the Braunauer Emmet Teller (BET) method (nitrogen adsorption - desorption) was 5.7 m2/g. BJH (Barret, Joyner, Halenda) cumulative desorption volume of pores bet ...
FEBS Letters
... occurs. Early studies of Na+ uptake with whole plants and excised roots led to the notion that two modes of Na+ uptake were in operation in the roots, a rapidly saturating system that showed high affinity transport for both Na+ and K+, and a non-saturating low affinity transport system [5]. Even the sim ...
... occurs. Early studies of Na+ uptake with whole plants and excised roots led to the notion that two modes of Na+ uptake were in operation in the roots, a rapidly saturating system that showed high affinity transport for both Na+ and K+, and a non-saturating low affinity transport system [5]. Even the sim ...
Neurotransmitter Function
... Some ions are free to pass though the membrane at any time, others (Na+) are not. Concentration gradient (Diffusion): Ions will travel (if they can) from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration. ...
... Some ions are free to pass though the membrane at any time, others (Na+) are not. Concentration gradient (Diffusion): Ions will travel (if they can) from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration. ...
![Lecture 6 (ADP/ATP carrier) []](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000909663_1-dac6ef69248cb11cfa508c989c7d6804-300x300.png)
Lecture 6 (ADP/ATP carrier) []
... organelle, has a protein-to-phospholipid ratio similar to the eukaryotic plasma membrane (about 1:1 by weight). It contains numerous integral membrane proteins called porins, which feature relatively large internal channels (about 2-3 nm) that are permeable to molecules of ~5,000 Da or less. In cont ...
... organelle, has a protein-to-phospholipid ratio similar to the eukaryotic plasma membrane (about 1:1 by weight). It contains numerous integral membrane proteins called porins, which feature relatively large internal channels (about 2-3 nm) that are permeable to molecules of ~5,000 Da or less. In cont ...
Electric Potential Maps and Voltage
... would still be a tiny attractive gravitational force. If we came back later, we would see the masses starting to move toward each other. As we watched, their speed would gradually increase, until finally they would crash into each other at relatively high speeds. Just before they hit, they would hav ...
... would still be a tiny attractive gravitational force. If we came back later, we would see the masses starting to move toward each other. As we watched, their speed would gradually increase, until finally they would crash into each other at relatively high speeds. Just before they hit, they would hav ...
The YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 protein family Saller, Manfred J.
... Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Zht Cheng Wu: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen ...
... Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Zht Cheng Wu: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, NL-9747 AG Groningen ...
Chapter 3
... – A nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons, each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body. • The spinal cord connects to the brain through the foramen magnum of the skull and is encircled by the bones of the vertebral column. – Thirty-one pairs of s ...
... – A nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons, each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body. • The spinal cord connects to the brain through the foramen magnum of the skull and is encircled by the bones of the vertebral column. – Thirty-one pairs of s ...
Ch 12
... – A nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons, each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body. • The spinal cord connects to the brain through the foramen magnum of the skull and is encircled by the bones of the vertebral column. – Thirty-one pairs of s ...
... – A nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons, each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body. • The spinal cord connects to the brain through the foramen magnum of the skull and is encircled by the bones of the vertebral column. – Thirty-one pairs of s ...
actin filament-membrane attachment: are membrane particles
... been documented for several systems. In microvilli, for example, an examination of stages in the reextension of microvilli after pressure-induced disassembly revealed that the actin filaments assemble from a dense material associated with the limiting membrane and from there elongate (40). Similar o ...
... been documented for several systems. In microvilli, for example, an examination of stages in the reextension of microvilli after pressure-induced disassembly revealed that the actin filaments assemble from a dense material associated with the limiting membrane and from there elongate (40). Similar o ...
Co-ordination of signalling elements in guard cell ion
... and Raschke, 1992; Grabov et al., 1997). Both types of anion currents are activated with increasing [Ca2+] and i exhibit roughly similar single channel conductance. In fact it has been suggested that the same channel protein may account for both gating modes (Blatt and Thiel, 1993). Indeed, changes ...
... and Raschke, 1992; Grabov et al., 1997). Both types of anion currents are activated with increasing [Ca2+] and i exhibit roughly similar single channel conductance. In fact it has been suggested that the same channel protein may account for both gating modes (Blatt and Thiel, 1993). Indeed, changes ...
Molecular Affinity and Permeability of Different Molecular Weight
... from the above process ranged from 30000 to 480000 Da, the DD ranged from 89.2 to 91.4% (Table 1). The MW of the chitosan sample were determined by using a GPC method with a Waters-1525 binary HPLC system, a Waters-2410 refractive index detector (Waters Corp., Miford, MA), and an SEC column (TSK Gel ...
... from the above process ranged from 30000 to 480000 Da, the DD ranged from 89.2 to 91.4% (Table 1). The MW of the chitosan sample were determined by using a GPC method with a Waters-1525 binary HPLC system, a Waters-2410 refractive index detector (Waters Corp., Miford, MA), and an SEC column (TSK Gel ...
Stockholm University
... since residues responsible for e.g. catalysis or substrate binding, are often buried in the protein interior [11], while residues involved in protein-protein-interactions occur on solvent exposed sites. For water-soluble proteins many methods for predicting the accessibility have been developed [12] ...
... since residues responsible for e.g. catalysis or substrate binding, are often buried in the protein interior [11], while residues involved in protein-protein-interactions occur on solvent exposed sites. For water-soluble proteins many methods for predicting the accessibility have been developed [12] ...
ЛЕКЦІЯ 2
... the sides of the F-actin helix. In the resting state, the tropomyosin molecules lie on top of the active sites of the actin strands, so that attraction cannot occur between the actin and myosin filaments to cause contraction. ...
... the sides of the F-actin helix. In the resting state, the tropomyosin molecules lie on top of the active sites of the actin strands, so that attraction cannot occur between the actin and myosin filaments to cause contraction. ...
Physiology
... Electrochemical Changes in the Muscle 4) Na+ channels open in the muscle cell -Na+ flows into the cell -Voltage begins to raise from -90mv 5) End Plate Potential- local positive potential inside a muscle fiber ...
... Electrochemical Changes in the Muscle 4) Na+ channels open in the muscle cell -Na+ flows into the cell -Voltage begins to raise from -90mv 5) End Plate Potential- local positive potential inside a muscle fiber ...
ResearchBlurb_JoVE_v2 - Stanford Microfluidics Laboratory
... level governed by the properties of the initial LE mixture. As they focus, sample ions in plateau mode also displace each other and separate into adjoining pure zones. ...
... level governed by the properties of the initial LE mixture. As they focus, sample ions in plateau mode also displace each other and separate into adjoining pure zones. ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.