Exam II Questions / Answers
... plasma membrane in the direction of their electro-chemical gradient, creating electrical currents and voltage changes across the membrane according to Ohm’s law: V= I x R ...
... plasma membrane in the direction of their electro-chemical gradient, creating electrical currents and voltage changes across the membrane according to Ohm’s law: V= I x R ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane - e-learning
... Inside eukaryotic cells, membrane contact sites (MCSs), regions where two membrane-bound organelles are apposed at less than 30 nm, generate regions of important lipid and calcium exchange. This review principally focuses on the structure and the function of MCSs between the endoplasmic reticulum (E ...
... Inside eukaryotic cells, membrane contact sites (MCSs), regions where two membrane-bound organelles are apposed at less than 30 nm, generate regions of important lipid and calcium exchange. This review principally focuses on the structure and the function of MCSs between the endoplasmic reticulum (E ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... might change because of changes in the phosphorylation state of the channels (although ATP was included in the internal solution to minimize such changes) or other consequences of dialysis. To evaluate this issue, in early exploratory experiments, we measured potassium currents from dendrites in the ...
... might change because of changes in the phosphorylation state of the channels (although ATP was included in the internal solution to minimize such changes) or other consequences of dialysis. To evaluate this issue, in early exploratory experiments, we measured potassium currents from dendrites in the ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 05 – Answers 1. The description
... 13. In the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis, the receptor is a ___________ protein, but the clathrin is an example of a __________ membrane protein. a. carrier; channel b. transmembrane; peripheral c. pump; uniporter d. phagocytosis; pinocytosis The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorr ...
... 13. In the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis, the receptor is a ___________ protein, but the clathrin is an example of a __________ membrane protein. a. carrier; channel b. transmembrane; peripheral c. pump; uniporter d. phagocytosis; pinocytosis The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorr ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... 13. In the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis, the receptor is a ___________ protein, but the clathrin is an example of a __________ membrane protein. a. carrier; channel b. transmembrane; peripheral c. pump; uniporter d. phagocytosis; pinocytosis The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorr ...
... 13. In the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis, the receptor is a ___________ protein, but the clathrin is an example of a __________ membrane protein. a. carrier; channel b. transmembrane; peripheral c. pump; uniporter d. phagocytosis; pinocytosis The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorr ...
Action Potential Backpropagation and Somato
... of these calcium channels may therefore lead to dendritic depolarization sufficient to evoke dendritic action potential initiation, as has been shown in other central neurons after intense distal dendritic depolarization (Schiller et al., 1997; Stuart et al., 1997a; Golding and Spruston, 1998). Unde ...
... of these calcium channels may therefore lead to dendritic depolarization sufficient to evoke dendritic action potential initiation, as has been shown in other central neurons after intense distal dendritic depolarization (Schiller et al., 1997; Stuart et al., 1997a; Golding and Spruston, 1998). Unde ...
On the basis of animal function
... Recitation question and Lab # 01 The main “punch-line” for this question is that there is not a single best answer, but just the one you understood the better. Better answers will be correlated with a better understanding of the background information on which the topic material is based. The next s ...
... Recitation question and Lab # 01 The main “punch-line” for this question is that there is not a single best answer, but just the one you understood the better. Better answers will be correlated with a better understanding of the background information on which the topic material is based. The next s ...
A cellular backline: specialization of host membranes for defence
... Micali et al., 2011). It is assumed that pathogen effectors are delivered across this membrane, as are nutrients from host to pathogen, and thus it is conceivable that the increased surface of the membrane is manipulated by, and to the benefit of, the pathogen. However, as defence responses are spat ...
... Micali et al., 2011). It is assumed that pathogen effectors are delivered across this membrane, as are nutrients from host to pathogen, and thus it is conceivable that the increased surface of the membrane is manipulated by, and to the benefit of, the pathogen. However, as defence responses are spat ...
Ways of Ion Channel Gating in Plant Cells
... In addition to membrane potential, eectors like H , Ca2 , nucleotides and K ions can either interact directly (ligand binding) with both inward and outward plasmalemma K channels or act indirectly via membrane-bound, attached or soluble regulators (Hedrich and Dietrich, 1996; Kurosaki, 1997; ...
... In addition to membrane potential, eectors like H , Ca2 , nucleotides and K ions can either interact directly (ligand binding) with both inward and outward plasmalemma K channels or act indirectly via membrane-bound, attached or soluble regulators (Hedrich and Dietrich, 1996; Kurosaki, 1997; ...
Innexin7a forms junctions that stabilize the basal
... dilated and form interconnected furrow canals that are enriched with actin and are separated from the rest of the membrane by an Armadillo-rich BAJ (see Introduction). The live imaging with the plasma membrane marker GAP43 was not carried out at sufficient resolution to determine whether furrow cana ...
... dilated and form interconnected furrow canals that are enriched with actin and are separated from the rest of the membrane by an Armadillo-rich BAJ (see Introduction). The live imaging with the plasma membrane marker GAP43 was not carried out at sufficient resolution to determine whether furrow cana ...
Cold interactions between an Yb ion and a Li atom
... Before presenting our potential-energy curves, and permanent and transition dipole moments, we first compare the computed atomic results to the best available experimental data. Our predicted position of the nonrelativistic 2 P state of the Li atom is 14 910 cm−1 , to be compared with the experiment ...
... Before presenting our potential-energy curves, and permanent and transition dipole moments, we first compare the computed atomic results to the best available experimental data. Our predicted position of the nonrelativistic 2 P state of the Li atom is 14 910 cm−1 , to be compared with the experiment ...
Effect of Growth at Sub-lethal Concentrations of Kanamycin on the
... the PI was incubated, in addition to 15-minute incubations as per Asay et al. (1), in the samples before obtaining fluorescence readings of samples to determine if the fluctuations in the membrane integrities observed in each of treatments were actually due to inherent fluctuations of the assays. Th ...
... the PI was incubated, in addition to 15-minute incubations as per Asay et al. (1), in the samples before obtaining fluorescence readings of samples to determine if the fluctuations in the membrane integrities observed in each of treatments were actually due to inherent fluctuations of the assays. Th ...
Nutrient and energy intakes for the European Community
... The systemic homoeostasis of potassium is understood imperfectly. Over 90 5% of dietary potassium is absorbed in the proximal small intestine, possibly by a combination of diffusional mechanisms and solvent drag. The body content is regulated by the renal glomerular filtration and tubular secretion ...
... The systemic homoeostasis of potassium is understood imperfectly. Over 90 5% of dietary potassium is absorbed in the proximal small intestine, possibly by a combination of diffusional mechanisms and solvent drag. The body content is regulated by the renal glomerular filtration and tubular secretion ...
The Nervous System
... plasma membrane in the direction of their electro-chemical gradient, creating electrical currents and voltage changes across the membrane according to Ohm’s law: V= I x R ...
... plasma membrane in the direction of their electro-chemical gradient, creating electrical currents and voltage changes across the membrane according to Ohm’s law: V= I x R ...
Physiology of ionophore transport of potassium and sodium
... PMF ~ VM. Typical PMF values for E.coli are –120 mV to –160 mV. Valinomycin is a naturally occurring cyclic dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic, which has been widely studied (Feher, 2012; Voet and Voet, 2010). Valinomycin is highly selective for potassium ions over sodium ions within the cell membrane, a ...
... PMF ~ VM. Typical PMF values for E.coli are –120 mV to –160 mV. Valinomycin is a naturally occurring cyclic dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic, which has been widely studied (Feher, 2012; Voet and Voet, 2010). Valinomycin is highly selective for potassium ions over sodium ions within the cell membrane, a ...
Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Nervous System
... A brief reversal of membrane potential with a total amplitude of 100 mV ...
... A brief reversal of membrane potential with a total amplitude of 100 mV ...
Voltage-Dependent Switching of Sensorimotor Integration by a
... delayed-rectifier K ⫹ current, and virtually no A-current (HarrisWarrick and Johnson, 1987; Graubard and Hartline, 1991; Golowasch and Marder, 1992; Kiehn and Harris-Warrick, 1992). The net hyperpolarization-activated inward current was recorded from a holding potential of ⫺50 mV with a series of 5 ...
... delayed-rectifier K ⫹ current, and virtually no A-current (HarrisWarrick and Johnson, 1987; Graubard and Hartline, 1991; Golowasch and Marder, 1992; Kiehn and Harris-Warrick, 1992). The net hyperpolarization-activated inward current was recorded from a holding potential of ⫺50 mV with a series of 5 ...
11 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... that brings the neuron closer to AP threshold. Neurotransmitter binding opens chemically gated ion channels, allowing Na+ and K+ to pass through simultaneously. ...
... that brings the neuron closer to AP threshold. Neurotransmitter binding opens chemically gated ion channels, allowing Na+ and K+ to pass through simultaneously. ...
Ksp - ChemConnections
... As you have seen one method that can increase the solubility of some salts is to form a soluble complex ion. CuS has a Ksp of 8.5 × 10–45. The reaction Cu2+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) → Cu(NH3)42+ has an equilibrium constant of approximately 5.6 × 1011. What would be the approximate molar solubility of CuS i ...
... As you have seen one method that can increase the solubility of some salts is to form a soluble complex ion. CuS has a Ksp of 8.5 × 10–45. The reaction Cu2+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) → Cu(NH3)42+ has an equilibrium constant of approximately 5.6 × 1011. What would be the approximate molar solubility of CuS i ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization Induced by
... et al., 1986; Assmann and Shimazaki, 1999). Interestingly, this proton pumping (Assmann et al., 1985; Assmann and Shimazaki, 1999) was shown to be inhibited by 65% in the presence of ABA (Goh et al., 1996). ABA could act either by blocking one signaling event of the blue-light signaling pathway, or ...
... et al., 1986; Assmann and Shimazaki, 1999). Interestingly, this proton pumping (Assmann et al., 1985; Assmann and Shimazaki, 1999) was shown to be inhibited by 65% in the presence of ABA (Goh et al., 1996). ABA could act either by blocking one signaling event of the blue-light signaling pathway, or ...
Water-Mediated Dimerization of Ubiquitin Ions Captured by
... conserved in all eukaryotic cells in all species. Its function varies and is determined by a process called ubiquitination, in which the protein covalently attaches to a target protein, tagging it for a specific cellular process dependent on both the protein and the binding site.20,21 In aqueous solu ...
... conserved in all eukaryotic cells in all species. Its function varies and is determined by a process called ubiquitination, in which the protein covalently attaches to a target protein, tagging it for a specific cellular process dependent on both the protein and the binding site.20,21 In aqueous solu ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.