Invasive non-native plants retain native mammal communities in
... Biological invasions are a major threat to native ecosystems globally, yet in some landscapes they can also have important positive effects on native biodiversity. For example, invasive non-native plants have the potential to act as ecological engineers in novel ecosystems by ‘creating’ habitat wher ...
... Biological invasions are a major threat to native ecosystems globally, yet in some landscapes they can also have important positive effects on native biodiversity. For example, invasive non-native plants have the potential to act as ecological engineers in novel ecosystems by ‘creating’ habitat wher ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... your successes first-hand, but I look forward to hearing about them as they happen! My advisor, Bill Fagan, has helped me to frame my ideas in a larger ecological context. He has built a lab that is full of incredibly smart people doing very diverse projects, and thus, help was always somewhere to b ...
... your successes first-hand, but I look forward to hearing about them as they happen! My advisor, Bill Fagan, has helped me to frame my ideas in a larger ecological context. He has built a lab that is full of incredibly smart people doing very diverse projects, and thus, help was always somewhere to b ...
Reliable Computation of Equilibrium States and Bifurcations in
... explosion and air pollution. However, ILs are, to varying degrees, soluble in water; thus if they are used industrially on a large scale, their entry into the environment via aqueous waste streams is of concern. The effects of trace levels of ILs in the environment are today not well known and thus ...
... explosion and air pollution. However, ILs are, to varying degrees, soluble in water; thus if they are used industrially on a large scale, their entry into the environment via aqueous waste streams is of concern. The effects of trace levels of ILs in the environment are today not well known and thus ...
APHIDS AND ANTS - underc - University of Notre Dame
... Mutualism is an interaction in which two species provide benefits for each other. The mutualistic relationship between Chaitophorus populicola aphids and several ant species on Populus tremuloides, quaking aspen, was investigated, in which aphids produce honeydew, a sugar-rich food for ants, and ant ...
... Mutualism is an interaction in which two species provide benefits for each other. The mutualistic relationship between Chaitophorus populicola aphids and several ant species on Populus tremuloides, quaking aspen, was investigated, in which aphids produce honeydew, a sugar-rich food for ants, and ant ...
Carol A. Blanchette for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy... presented on August 29, 1994. Factors on Population
... species diversity. Limpets played a keystone role by grazing Postelsia, the ...
... species diversity. Limpets played a keystone role by grazing Postelsia, the ...
South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy
... Middleback and Gawler Ranges, and extends north towards Tallaringa Conservation Park. Lake Torrens is on the eastern boundary, that stretches to just south of Port Augusta. ...
... Middleback and Gawler Ranges, and extends north towards Tallaringa Conservation Park. Lake Torrens is on the eastern boundary, that stretches to just south of Port Augusta. ...
Lichen Conservation - tn
... •Lichens are Eukaryotic microbes - that have genetic stability and also behave like microbes. •Most of them are very tiny (Microlichens), and hence it is not possible to immediately notice the loss of species, changes in distribution pattern. •They quickly respond to air pollution and habitat change ...
... •Lichens are Eukaryotic microbes - that have genetic stability and also behave like microbes. •Most of them are very tiny (Microlichens), and hence it is not possible to immediately notice the loss of species, changes in distribution pattern. •They quickly respond to air pollution and habitat change ...
- Wiley Online Library
... or degrading plant tissues, such that plant defensive mechanisms would not limit their colonization. Nutrient-use studies suggest that evolution of biotrophy and endophytism in this group involved (1) reduction of enzymatic capabilities, (2) increasing dependence on the host plant to provide nutrien ...
... or degrading plant tissues, such that plant defensive mechanisms would not limit their colonization. Nutrient-use studies suggest that evolution of biotrophy and endophytism in this group involved (1) reduction of enzymatic capabilities, (2) increasing dependence on the host plant to provide nutrien ...
The Impact of Non-Native Species - Case Study: The Signal Crayfish
... overseas or beyond their natural distribution within the UK often pose significant threats to native populations of plants and animals. They predate, outcompete and displace native species from their preferred habitats. They can also spread parasites and introduce novel diseases, to which native pop ...
... overseas or beyond their natural distribution within the UK often pose significant threats to native populations of plants and animals. They predate, outcompete and displace native species from their preferred habitats. They can also spread parasites and introduce novel diseases, to which native pop ...
Population-Level Metrics of Trophic Structure Based on
... set (n = 15) to allow comparison among populations among years because sample size varied. The metric mean distance to centroid (CDb) was used as a measure of population trophic diversity. CDb is calculated as the mean Euclidean distance of each individual of a population to the d15N-d13C centroid f ...
... set (n = 15) to allow comparison among populations among years because sample size varied. The metric mean distance to centroid (CDb) was used as a measure of population trophic diversity. CDb is calculated as the mean Euclidean distance of each individual of a population to the d15N-d13C centroid f ...
Modelling coexistence of plant functional types in grassland
... Understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence is a key issue in community ecology (Tilman, 1997; Chesson, 2000a,b; Jeltsch et al., 2000; Amarasekare, 2003). In particular for species rich plant communities, e.g. grasslands ecosystems, the question, which factors and processes facilitate coexis ...
... Understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence is a key issue in community ecology (Tilman, 1997; Chesson, 2000a,b; Jeltsch et al., 2000; Amarasekare, 2003). In particular for species rich plant communities, e.g. grasslands ecosystems, the question, which factors and processes facilitate coexis ...
Ecological Role of Vertebrate Scavengers
... Because carcasses represent a rich source of nutrients to any organism that can uti! ize the resource, thcre is a race for organisms to find and consume carrion before other organisms can monopolize it (Janzen 1977). This race can lead to sometimes intense competition among microbes, invertebrates, ...
... Because carcasses represent a rich source of nutrients to any organism that can uti! ize the resource, thcre is a race for organisms to find and consume carrion before other organisms can monopolize it (Janzen 1977). This race can lead to sometimes intense competition among microbes, invertebrates, ...
European Black Slug Risk Assessment
... sometimes causing extinctions of native species through predation or competition. Exotic species often thrive in new areas because of the lack of natural predators and/or competition. In the case of slugs, a new area may offer plant resources that have not developed natural defense mechanisms (Meyer ...
... sometimes causing extinctions of native species through predation or competition. Exotic species often thrive in new areas because of the lack of natural predators and/or competition. In the case of slugs, a new area may offer plant resources that have not developed natural defense mechanisms (Meyer ...
Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in Kenya
... directly to three goals common to all branches of science that are interested in improving our understanding of the Earth. These goals are to: (1) better understand the functioning of the Earth as a planetary system; (2) predict global changes resulting from human use of environment; (3) derive prac ...
... directly to three goals common to all branches of science that are interested in improving our understanding of the Earth. These goals are to: (1) better understand the functioning of the Earth as a planetary system; (2) predict global changes resulting from human use of environment; (3) derive prac ...
Host selection by the cleaner shrimp Ancylomenes pedersoni: Do
... to constitute an advantage for A. pedersoni, individual shrimp would need to benefit from the aggregation (e.g., if the mean rate of food intake per individual shrimp increased in stations with several A. pedersoni compared with those with only one or two shrimp). Symbiotic decapods associated with s ...
... to constitute an advantage for A. pedersoni, individual shrimp would need to benefit from the aggregation (e.g., if the mean rate of food intake per individual shrimp increased in stations with several A. pedersoni compared with those with only one or two shrimp). Symbiotic decapods associated with s ...
- University of Essex Research Repository
... modeled here, the effect of copepod predation is accounted for in the microzooplankton mortality terms in Eq. (3). Contrary to studies on toxic phytoplankton (e.g. Roy et al., 2006), DMS has no toxic effects on microzooplankton grazers (Strom et al., 2003a,b) and therefore grazing infochemical produ ...
... modeled here, the effect of copepod predation is accounted for in the microzooplankton mortality terms in Eq. (3). Contrary to studies on toxic phytoplankton (e.g. Roy et al., 2006), DMS has no toxic effects on microzooplankton grazers (Strom et al., 2003a,b) and therefore grazing infochemical produ ...
INSECT–PLANT RELATIONSHIP – CHANCE AND NECESSITY
... outlined several times, e.g., in JERMY 1983, 1993) that host-specificity is a behavioural phenomenon and can be influenced and modified also at this level. The realisation gave him possibilities to conduct research in two major directions: (1) conceptual questions of food selection, and (2) practica ...
... outlined several times, e.g., in JERMY 1983, 1993) that host-specificity is a behavioural phenomenon and can be influenced and modified also at this level. The realisation gave him possibilities to conduct research in two major directions: (1) conceptual questions of food selection, and (2) practica ...
invasion of smooth brome into north american tall
... Research in invasion ecology has focused on developing ecological theory that can predict how invasive species interact with invaded communities. However, empirical support for theoretical predictions has been inconsistent. Inconsistencies may be attributed to the lack of data in three core areas; ( ...
... Research in invasion ecology has focused on developing ecological theory that can predict how invasive species interact with invaded communities. However, empirical support for theoretical predictions has been inconsistent. Inconsistencies may be attributed to the lack of data in three core areas; ( ...
Competition as a factor underlying the abundance of an uncommon
... 60 Scott M. Ferrenberg and Robert F. Denno (>85%) of flightless brachypters (Denno et al., 1991). The lifetime fecundity of D. penedetecta (50 offspring) is about half that of P. dolus (100 offspring) (Denno et al., 1989; Ferrenberg, 2002). Thus, due to their co-occurrence and immobility, there i ...
... 60 Scott M. Ferrenberg and Robert F. Denno (>85%) of flightless brachypters (Denno et al., 1991). The lifetime fecundity of D. penedetecta (50 offspring) is about half that of P. dolus (100 offspring) (Denno et al., 1989; Ferrenberg, 2002). Thus, due to their co-occurrence and immobility, there i ...
Adaptive resemblance: a unifying concept for
... 1988, 1990). Establishing that a given resemblance represents mimicry, by whatever definition, is difficult, and even more so when it involves something other than a Batesian or Mullerian relationship. For this reason, much of the descriptive literature is anecdotal and speculative, involving explan ...
... 1988, 1990). Establishing that a given resemblance represents mimicry, by whatever definition, is difficult, and even more so when it involves something other than a Batesian or Mullerian relationship. For this reason, much of the descriptive literature is anecdotal and speculative, involving explan ...
experiments - Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology
... grab and subdue prey. A third form of prey capture most commonly used by aerial predators consists of grasping prey with all the legs while in flight. Insects that use this method include dragonflies, robber flies, and scorpionflies. All these types of insects are generalists, feeding on any appropr ...
... grab and subdue prey. A third form of prey capture most commonly used by aerial predators consists of grasping prey with all the legs while in flight. Insects that use this method include dragonflies, robber flies, and scorpionflies. All these types of insects are generalists, feeding on any appropr ...
DOC - Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology
... grab and subdue prey. A third form of prey capture most commonly used by aerial predators consists of grasping prey with all the legs while in flight. Insects that use this method include dragonflies, robber flies, and scorpionflies. All these types of insects are generalists, feeding on any appropr ...
... grab and subdue prey. A third form of prey capture most commonly used by aerial predators consists of grasping prey with all the legs while in flight. Insects that use this method include dragonflies, robber flies, and scorpionflies. All these types of insects are generalists, feeding on any appropr ...
9 Generalist Predators, Food Web Complexities and Biological Pest
... induced (Agrawal et al., 1999). Moreover, they performed worse on eggs of spider mites from induced plants than on eggs from spider mites on non-induced plants (Agrawal & Klein, 2000). In conclusion, plant-mediated interactions among pest species are probably a common phenomenon in greenhouse crops, ...
... induced (Agrawal et al., 1999). Moreover, they performed worse on eggs of spider mites from induced plants than on eggs from spider mites on non-induced plants (Agrawal & Klein, 2000). In conclusion, plant-mediated interactions among pest species are probably a common phenomenon in greenhouse crops, ...
special feature - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
... Abstract. Omnivory is a frequent feeding strategy in terrestrial arthropods, occurring across a diversity of taxa occupying a wide array of habitats. Because omnivory has important consequences for broad areas of theoretical and applied ecology, it is essential to understand those factors that favor ...
... Abstract. Omnivory is a frequent feeding strategy in terrestrial arthropods, occurring across a diversity of taxa occupying a wide array of habitats. Because omnivory has important consequences for broad areas of theoretical and applied ecology, it is essential to understand those factors that favor ...
Modeling Food Webs: Exploring Unexplained Structure Using Latent
... The body-size model is a generalized linear model (GLM) with explanatory variables log (mi /mj ) and log 2 (mi /mj ). Thus, we estimate a, b, and g by using a GLM-fitted algorithm based on maximum likelihood with logit linking function and binomial distribution. For the latent-traits model we estima ...
... The body-size model is a generalized linear model (GLM) with explanatory variables log (mi /mj ) and log 2 (mi /mj ). Thus, we estimate a, b, and g by using a GLM-fitted algorithm based on maximum likelihood with logit linking function and binomial distribution. For the latent-traits model we estima ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.