Rotifers: Exquisite Metazoans1 - Integrative and Comparative Biology
... Based on the fact that chemical signals are known to evoke a variety of life history events in rotifers, Enesco also proposed programmed aging as a plausible model for rotifer aging. In this model, the withdrawal of a reproductive hormone serves as the programmed signal for termination of life. Chal ...
... Based on the fact that chemical signals are known to evoke a variety of life history events in rotifers, Enesco also proposed programmed aging as a plausible model for rotifer aging. In this model, the withdrawal of a reproductive hormone serves as the programmed signal for termination of life. Chal ...
MICHAL GRUSZCZYRSKI HARDGROUNDS AND ECOLOGICAL
... to match the requirements of ecological succession, mainly because of the improbability to achieve equilibrium between biocenosis and abiotic environmental factors. The most important look at ecological succession is presented by Connell and Slatyer (1977). They proposed three models of this mechani ...
... to match the requirements of ecological succession, mainly because of the improbability to achieve equilibrium between biocenosis and abiotic environmental factors. The most important look at ecological succession is presented by Connell and Slatyer (1977). They proposed three models of this mechani ...
Effects of local and regional drivers on plant diversity within tundra
... spatial scales, determined by topography, and contrasting regimes of sheep grazing. The same study design was applied at comparable locations in Norway, a mainland region with a greater species pool size than Iceland. Diversity in Iceland was strongly driven by topography of contrasting landform cur ...
... spatial scales, determined by topography, and contrasting regimes of sheep grazing. The same study design was applied at comparable locations in Norway, a mainland region with a greater species pool size than Iceland. Diversity in Iceland was strongly driven by topography of contrasting landform cur ...
Causes and Consequences of Plant Spatial Patterns in Natural and
... The processes by which plant spatial patterns are formed, and the effects of those patterns on plant community dynamics, remain important areas of research in plant ecology. Plant spatial pattern formation has been linked to many ecological processes that act to structure plant communities at differ ...
... The processes by which plant spatial patterns are formed, and the effects of those patterns on plant community dynamics, remain important areas of research in plant ecology. Plant spatial pattern formation has been linked to many ecological processes that act to structure plant communities at differ ...
species introduction and replacement among mosquitoes
... competition mediated by shared protozoan parasites in the genus Ascogregarina. In field experiment 2, A. albopictus larvae had moderate to high levels of parasitism, but A. aegypti larvae were virtually free from Ascogregarina in all experimental tires, implying that Ascogregarina played little or n ...
... competition mediated by shared protozoan parasites in the genus Ascogregarina. In field experiment 2, A. albopictus larvae had moderate to high levels of parasitism, but A. aegypti larvae were virtually free from Ascogregarina in all experimental tires, implying that Ascogregarina played little or n ...
The Stability and Persistence of Mutualisms Embedded in
... Although the local stability of an equilibrium is important, a crucial aspect of the assemblage is the persistence of all its populations. Persistence will differ from local stability in that it captures slowly dying transients, stable cycles and otherwise bounded behavior, while losing some stable ...
... Although the local stability of an equilibrium is important, a crucial aspect of the assemblage is the persistence of all its populations. Persistence will differ from local stability in that it captures slowly dying transients, stable cycles and otherwise bounded behavior, while losing some stable ...
Density-dependent facilitation cascades determine
... density. Oysters, by contrast, were highly over-dispersed and correlated with the presence/ absence of pneumatophores. Epifaunal abundance and species richness were positively correlated with algal and oyster abundance, but their effects were independent. The positive effect of pneumatophore density ...
... density. Oysters, by contrast, were highly over-dispersed and correlated with the presence/ absence of pneumatophores. Epifaunal abundance and species richness were positively correlated with algal and oyster abundance, but their effects were independent. The positive effect of pneumatophore density ...
Fulltext - ETH E
... factors such as site fertility, typically confounded with biodiversity, are kept constant. It is now widely accepted that biodiversity positively affects the functioning of ecosystems, by enhancing single functions such as productivity, ecosystem stability, ecosystem resilience, invasion resistance ...
... factors such as site fertility, typically confounded with biodiversity, are kept constant. It is now widely accepted that biodiversity positively affects the functioning of ecosystems, by enhancing single functions such as productivity, ecosystem stability, ecosystem resilience, invasion resistance ...
Importance of the Allee effect for reintroductions1
... Reintroductions and Allee effects According to the Re-introduction Specialist Group of the IUCN, Species Survival Commission (Re-introduction Specialist Group, 1995), a reintroduction is any attempt to establish a species (or any other unambiguously defined lower taxonomic unit) in an area that was ...
... Reintroductions and Allee effects According to the Re-introduction Specialist Group of the IUCN, Species Survival Commission (Re-introduction Specialist Group, 1995), a reintroduction is any attempt to establish a species (or any other unambiguously defined lower taxonomic unit) in an area that was ...
Consumer trophic diversity as a fundamental mechanism linking
... 1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions. 2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling t ...
... 1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions. 2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling t ...
Chapter 4 – BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
... will persist ‘forever’ and it may spread on its own to cover most or all of the area where the pest is present, generally with little or no additional cost. On the other hand, these strengths can become great liabilities if the agent also begins to attack desirable species (Pemberton1985; Lockwood 1 ...
... will persist ‘forever’ and it may spread on its own to cover most or all of the area where the pest is present, generally with little or no additional cost. On the other hand, these strengths can become great liabilities if the agent also begins to attack desirable species (Pemberton1985; Lockwood 1 ...
The ecological, economic and public health impacts of nuisance
... develop in the water. Most chironomids are aquatic, however, the larvae of a few midge species, such as Limnophyes minimus Meigen, 1818, Pseudosmittia longicrus Kieffer, 1921, and Smittia pratorum Goetghebuer, 1927, can exist terrestrially in habitats such as soil and vegetation (Delettre 2000). The ...
... develop in the water. Most chironomids are aquatic, however, the larvae of a few midge species, such as Limnophyes minimus Meigen, 1818, Pseudosmittia longicrus Kieffer, 1921, and Smittia pratorum Goetghebuer, 1927, can exist terrestrially in habitats such as soil and vegetation (Delettre 2000). The ...
ecology of phasmids (phasmatodea) in a moist neotropical forest
... Figure 5-3: Plant size and migratory behavior of nymphs...................................................................... 85 ...
... Figure 5-3: Plant size and migratory behavior of nymphs...................................................................... 85 ...
Predicting species` maximum dispersal distances from simple plant
... dispersal syndrome and growth form. We considered different groups to represent different sets of plant traits and to assess whether accurate predictions are also possible without information on terminal velocity, for which data are much scarcer than for release height, seed mass, or growth form. Mo ...
... dispersal syndrome and growth form. We considered different groups to represent different sets of plant traits and to assess whether accurate predictions are also possible without information on terminal velocity, for which data are much scarcer than for release height, seed mass, or growth form. Mo ...
Rangelands and Pasturelands - Manitoba Forestry Association
... Manitoba. Prairie ecosystems thrive on the intermittent disturbance brought by frequent fire and the irregular mosaic of vegetation carved out by the periodic passage of native grazers (bison, elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, and antelope). These disturbances and subsequent renewals have shaped th ...
... Manitoba. Prairie ecosystems thrive on the intermittent disturbance brought by frequent fire and the irregular mosaic of vegetation carved out by the periodic passage of native grazers (bison, elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, and antelope). These disturbances and subsequent renewals have shaped th ...
The peppered moth: a black and white story after all
... selection by a major evolutionary biologist. This was not intended at all. Coyne's statement, quoted above, was unfortunately worded. He meant, I think, that understanding of the causes ("action") of natural selection were still obscure, rather than that the rapid rise and then fall of melanism in t ...
... selection by a major evolutionary biologist. This was not intended at all. Coyne's statement, quoted above, was unfortunately worded. He meant, I think, that understanding of the causes ("action") of natural selection were still obscure, rather than that the rapid rise and then fall of melanism in t ...
Fungal soil communities in a young transgenic poplar plantation
... Fungi are a group of central importance as they play key roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycle improving the availability of nutrients for other organisms. They are distributed across all climatic zones, and colonize different habitats in ecosystems such as soil (Bridge and Spooner 2001), plant tis ...
... Fungi are a group of central importance as they play key roles in the carbon and nitrogen cycle improving the availability of nutrients for other organisms. They are distributed across all climatic zones, and colonize different habitats in ecosystems such as soil (Bridge and Spooner 2001), plant tis ...
Estuary Chpt. 1 - Overview of the Kennebec Estuary
... that determine the conditions necessary for survival (Hutchinson 1958). Where the tolerance ranges of different organisms overlap, assemblages of species co-occur in patterns that are, to varying extents, repeatable. Despite the continuous variation within these collections of organisms, attempts ha ...
... that determine the conditions necessary for survival (Hutchinson 1958). Where the tolerance ranges of different organisms overlap, assemblages of species co-occur in patterns that are, to varying extents, repeatable. Despite the continuous variation within these collections of organisms, attempts ha ...
Succession in plankton communities
... 150 µmol kg-1 more inorganic carbon than the 2120 µmol kg-1 that would be expected ...
... 150 µmol kg-1 more inorganic carbon than the 2120 µmol kg-1 that would be expected ...
Epizoic Bryozoans on Predatory Pycnogonids from the South
... Bryozoans are typically poor space competitors (Soule and Soule 1977), but some bryozoans escape from competition for substratum space by erect growth (McKinney and Jackson 1989). However, many bryozoans are extremely effective at rapid colonization of young surfaces including the external surfaces ...
... Bryozoans are typically poor space competitors (Soule and Soule 1977), but some bryozoans escape from competition for substratum space by erect growth (McKinney and Jackson 1989). However, many bryozoans are extremely effective at rapid colonization of young surfaces including the external surfaces ...
mesquite seeds, bruchid beetles, and
... be prominent in legume-bruchid systems (Janzen 1969, Center and Johnson 1974). This work addresses the role of abiotic factors, competition, predation, stability and coevolution and their effects on and importance in ecological communities by a comprehensive examination of a natural three trophic le ...
... be prominent in legume-bruchid systems (Janzen 1969, Center and Johnson 1974). This work addresses the role of abiotic factors, competition, predation, stability and coevolution and their effects on and importance in ecological communities by a comprehensive examination of a natural three trophic le ...
Myrmecophily in beetles (Coleoptera): evolutionary patterns and
... myrmecophiles. Principles may be inferred regarding the factors promoting the initial evolution of this lifestyle, and predictions made about the phenotypic trajectory of myrmecophilous lineages as they evolve increasingly intimate relationships with their hosts. In this article, I explore what can ...
... myrmecophiles. Principles may be inferred regarding the factors promoting the initial evolution of this lifestyle, and predictions made about the phenotypic trajectory of myrmecophilous lineages as they evolve increasingly intimate relationships with their hosts. In this article, I explore what can ...
Pollinators in Rangelands
... How Plants Reproduce and the Benefits of Pollination by Animals New plants are created in a variety of different ways. Although plants can produce new individuals asexually, sexual reproduction is required for plants to combine genetic information. For this to occur, pollen from the male part of a p ...
... How Plants Reproduce and the Benefits of Pollination by Animals New plants are created in a variety of different ways. Although plants can produce new individuals asexually, sexual reproduction is required for plants to combine genetic information. For this to occur, pollen from the male part of a p ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... Chapter 1: Detritivores mediate predator-herbivore interactions Table 1. ANOVA results for the main and interactive effects of the detritivorous isopod Littorophiloscia vittata (I), the herbivorous planthopper Prokelisia dolus (H), the predaceous spider Pardosa littoralis (P), and leaf litter (L) on ...
... Chapter 1: Detritivores mediate predator-herbivore interactions Table 1. ANOVA results for the main and interactive effects of the detritivorous isopod Littorophiloscia vittata (I), the herbivorous planthopper Prokelisia dolus (H), the predaceous spider Pardosa littoralis (P), and leaf litter (L) on ...
Invasive Plants: Ecological and Agricultural Aspects
... (2004)1 has amusingly noted that the number of recent invasion-oriented book volumes has actually eclipsed the number of some invading taxa; a sobering reflection of the ecological, economic and sociological problems posed by biological invasions. The present volume consists of 17 papers written by ...
... (2004)1 has amusingly noted that the number of recent invasion-oriented book volumes has actually eclipsed the number of some invading taxa; a sobering reflection of the ecological, economic and sociological problems posed by biological invasions. The present volume consists of 17 papers written by ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.