The influence of biotic interactions on soil biodiversity
... Belowground communities usually support a much greater diversity of organisms than do corresponding aboveground ones, and while the factors that regulate their diversity are far less well understood, a growing number of recent studies have presented data relevant to understanding how these factors o ...
... Belowground communities usually support a much greater diversity of organisms than do corresponding aboveground ones, and while the factors that regulate their diversity are far less well understood, a growing number of recent studies have presented data relevant to understanding how these factors o ...
Key Role of European Rabbits in the Conservation of the Western
... on the Iberian Peninsula, we focused primarily on qualitative rather than quantitative aspects of their role in the ecosystem. Nevertheless, it is likely that their effects on the ecosystem were greater before their decline than they are now. Because there is little scientific information on rabbit ...
... on the Iberian Peninsula, we focused primarily on qualitative rather than quantitative aspects of their role in the ecosystem. Nevertheless, it is likely that their effects on the ecosystem were greater before their decline than they are now. Because there is little scientific information on rabbit ...
Evolutionary Ecology of Weeds - Iowa State University Agronomy
... Weeds colonize disturbed unoccupied opportunity spacetime, while later successional species colonize opportunity spacetime created by earlier-appearing species in those same localities. The same underlying processes and locality pertain, only the traits and opportunity change. On the shoulders of gi ...
... Weeds colonize disturbed unoccupied opportunity spacetime, while later successional species colonize opportunity spacetime created by earlier-appearing species in those same localities. The same underlying processes and locality pertain, only the traits and opportunity change. On the shoulders of gi ...
parasitism food web module
... and Knowlton 1998). Here, we develop an ecological theory for the persistence of the mutualism–parasitism food web ...
... and Knowlton 1998). Here, we develop an ecological theory for the persistence of the mutualism–parasitism food web ...
Ecological Character Description of the Eighty Mile
... biological and physical parameters such as climate, soil type, vegetation cover, etc (Ramsar Convention 2005). the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this inc ...
... biological and physical parameters such as climate, soil type, vegetation cover, etc (Ramsar Convention 2005). the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this inc ...
Evaluation Sourcebook - University of Michigan School of Natural
... While these provide a measure of the extent to which strategies have been implemented, they are only one way to measure progress. You may also want to know whether your strategies are effective. For example, how well are you reducing threats such as water pollutants or building on assets such as sup ...
... While these provide a measure of the extent to which strategies have been implemented, they are only one way to measure progress. You may also want to know whether your strategies are effective. For example, how well are you reducing threats such as water pollutants or building on assets such as sup ...
SUCCESSION AND STABILITY
... z Johnston and Odum found increase in bird diversity across successional sequence closely paralleled increase in woody plant diversity observed by Oosting ...
... z Johnston and Odum found increase in bird diversity across successional sequence closely paralleled increase in woody plant diversity observed by Oosting ...
Understanding Rangeland Biodiversity
... throughout the world’s rangelands, these groups are competing for a shrinking land resource, and the more marginal groups, the hunter-gatherers and pastoralists, are being increasingly displaced by farmers. A key aspect of this is that there is a clinal relationship between subsistence strategy and ...
... throughout the world’s rangelands, these groups are competing for a shrinking land resource, and the more marginal groups, the hunter-gatherers and pastoralists, are being increasingly displaced by farmers. A key aspect of this is that there is a clinal relationship between subsistence strategy and ...
Programme and Abstracts - ta
... We will spend the whole day walking and collecting spiders in the Pavlovské vrchy Hills protected area and nearby areas. The walk will be about 6 km long. Lunch will be provided as a package. The Pavlovské vrchy Hills are located approximately 40 km south of Brno. We will go to the top of the hill, ...
... We will spend the whole day walking and collecting spiders in the Pavlovské vrchy Hills protected area and nearby areas. The walk will be about 6 km long. Lunch will be provided as a package. The Pavlovské vrchy Hills are located approximately 40 km south of Brno. We will go to the top of the hill, ...
Long-term Effects of Shifts in Grazing Pressure on
... The alpine vegetation is characterized by low-stature woody species, tussocks of graminoids and rosette-forming, perennial herbs (Körner, 2003). Plants with these traits show varying responses to herbivory depending on their level of grazing resistance, in terms of different avoidance- and tolerance ...
... The alpine vegetation is characterized by low-stature woody species, tussocks of graminoids and rosette-forming, perennial herbs (Körner, 2003). Plants with these traits show varying responses to herbivory depending on their level of grazing resistance, in terms of different avoidance- and tolerance ...
Amphibians as Models for Studying Environmental Change
... addition, studies on amphibian declines have provided insight into the complexity in which multiple independent factors may interact with one another to produce catastrophic and sometimes unpredictable effects. Because of the complexity of these problems, amphibian ecologists have been among the str ...
... addition, studies on amphibian declines have provided insight into the complexity in which multiple independent factors may interact with one another to produce catastrophic and sometimes unpredictable effects. Because of the complexity of these problems, amphibian ecologists have been among the str ...
Disturbance and Diversity in Low-Productivity
... et al., 1988; Huston, 1994; Olff and Ritchie, 1998). Organisms that have long been subject to a particular disturbance regime (e.g., certain patterns in frequency, size, or intensity) will adapt to that regime or leave the ecosystem. Milchunas, Sala, and Lauenroth (1988; MSL) developed a theoretical ...
... et al., 1988; Huston, 1994; Olff and Ritchie, 1998). Organisms that have long been subject to a particular disturbance regime (e.g., certain patterns in frequency, size, or intensity) will adapt to that regime or leave the ecosystem. Milchunas, Sala, and Lauenroth (1988; MSL) developed a theoretical ...
- Wiley Online Library
... that individuals disperse according to some form of a dispersal kernel (but see Zurell et al. 2012) and that this kernel is a fixed property of a species. However, the assumption of fixed dispersal kernels may be strongly violated for many animal species, for animal-dispersed plants and even for pas ...
... that individuals disperse according to some form of a dispersal kernel (but see Zurell et al. 2012) and that this kernel is a fixed property of a species. However, the assumption of fixed dispersal kernels may be strongly violated for many animal species, for animal-dispersed plants and even for pas ...
Trait-Mediated Effects in Rocky Intertidal Food Chains
... (Miller and Kerfoot 1987) to differentiate them from the more commonly known density-mediated indirect interactions (DMIIs, Abrams et al. 1996) describing effects propagated via changes in density caused by interacting species. Although a relatively new area of research, ecologists are making rapid ...
... (Miller and Kerfoot 1987) to differentiate them from the more commonly known density-mediated indirect interactions (DMIIs, Abrams et al. 1996) describing effects propagated via changes in density caused by interacting species. Although a relatively new area of research, ecologists are making rapid ...
Evolution of tree killing in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae
... conifer ecosystems, and also cause substantial economic losses. Although their general life histories are relatively similar, different species vary markedly in the physiological condition of the hosts they select. Most of , 6000 known species colonise dead or stressed trees, a resource they share w ...
... conifer ecosystems, and also cause substantial economic losses. Although their general life histories are relatively similar, different species vary markedly in the physiological condition of the hosts they select. Most of , 6000 known species colonise dead or stressed trees, a resource they share w ...
Are dingoes a trophic regulator in arid Australia? A comparison of
... Abstract The direct and indirect interactions that large mammalian carnivores have with other species can have far-reaching effects on ecosystems. In recent years there has been growing interest in the role that Australia’s largest terrestrial predator, the dingo, may have in structuring ecosystems. ...
... Abstract The direct and indirect interactions that large mammalian carnivores have with other species can have far-reaching effects on ecosystems. In recent years there has been growing interest in the role that Australia’s largest terrestrial predator, the dingo, may have in structuring ecosystems. ...
Camouflage through colour change - Philosophical Transactions of
... mechanisms, and these can be quite different between vertebrates and invertebrates (see [8–11]). However, it has been studied most with regard to changes in the state and abundance of pigment-containing chromatophore cells. These cells can respond directly to light (a primary response) or via visual ...
... mechanisms, and these can be quite different between vertebrates and invertebrates (see [8–11]). However, it has been studied most with regard to changes in the state and abundance of pigment-containing chromatophore cells. These cells can respond directly to light (a primary response) or via visual ...
Proceedings - World Lagomorph Society
... Dear Participants in the 5th World Lagomorph Conference, The World Lagomorph Society (WLS) was established in 2006, after the 2nd World Lagomorph Conference (WLC) was held in Portugal (2004). This society was inspired by the need to improve cooperation and collaboration among lagomorph researchers, ...
... Dear Participants in the 5th World Lagomorph Conference, The World Lagomorph Society (WLS) was established in 2006, after the 2nd World Lagomorph Conference (WLC) was held in Portugal (2004). This society was inspired by the need to improve cooperation and collaboration among lagomorph researchers, ...
Investigating a Competitive Two Species System that Produces
... depending on their most limited resource (Tilman, 1990). Each species could allocate different portions of its limited energy to the organs responsible for satisfying exploitation of; soil resources, sunlight and germination site or developing resistance to herbivory. The species that allocates more ...
... depending on their most limited resource (Tilman, 1990). Each species could allocate different portions of its limited energy to the organs responsible for satisfying exploitation of; soil resources, sunlight and germination site or developing resistance to herbivory. The species that allocates more ...
Spatial dynamics of mutualistic interactions
... 4. Rescue of sink communities, however, depends on how dispersal influences the local dynamics of source communities. If dispersal involves surplus individuals the loss of whom does not affect the reproductive output of the source community, persistence of sink communities is guaranteed as long as t ...
... 4. Rescue of sink communities, however, depends on how dispersal influences the local dynamics of source communities. If dispersal involves surplus individuals the loss of whom does not affect the reproductive output of the source community, persistence of sink communities is guaranteed as long as t ...
Aligning molecular studies of mycorrhizal fungal diversity
... diversity and productivity, thus providing a rationale for characterizing AMF diversity in natural ecosystems. Consequently, a large number of molecular studies on AMF community composition are currently underway. Most published studies, at best, only address species or genera-level resolution. Howe ...
... diversity and productivity, thus providing a rationale for characterizing AMF diversity in natural ecosystems. Consequently, a large number of molecular studies on AMF community composition are currently underway. Most published studies, at best, only address species or genera-level resolution. Howe ...
Ant-mediated seed dispersal - Scholar Press
... overestimate diffusivity in myrmecochory interactions, we suggest that methodological approach also might introduce bias. For example, it is known that general methods for estimating ant species richness (e.g., pitfall traps) likely overestimate seed-dispersing ant richness by measuring general ant ...
... overestimate diffusivity in myrmecochory interactions, we suggest that methodological approach also might introduce bias. For example, it is known that general methods for estimating ant species richness (e.g., pitfall traps) likely overestimate seed-dispersing ant richness by measuring general ant ...
Scavenging: how carnivores and carrion structure communities
... dynamics [18,20,21]. Indeed, food webs are built upon and stabilized by most species being involved in multiple links, with recent evidence suggesting that ties to detritus could be acutely important to system stability [22]. Scavenging and the stability of food webs Through detrital infusion to pre ...
... dynamics [18,20,21]. Indeed, food webs are built upon and stabilized by most species being involved in multiple links, with recent evidence suggesting that ties to detritus could be acutely important to system stability [22]. Scavenging and the stability of food webs Through detrital infusion to pre ...
2002 Biodiversity Audit - Department of Parks and Wildlife
... Ranges, Ord Victoria, Tanami Desert and Victoria Bonaparte bioregions. The information will become more extensive as data continues to be gathered and nature conservation work in Western Australia progresses. In many instances, the reader will become aware that a bioregion, subregion or area is unde ...
... Ranges, Ord Victoria, Tanami Desert and Victoria Bonaparte bioregions. The information will become more extensive as data continues to be gathered and nature conservation work in Western Australia progresses. In many instances, the reader will become aware that a bioregion, subregion or area is unde ...
Community-Level Effects of Climate Change on Ontario`s Terrestrial
... Rapid, anthropogenic climate change has the potential to be a major threat to the biodiversity of terrestrial communities, and is one of the main factors affecting species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Previous reports have described three general mechanisms that can affect species as a re ...
... Rapid, anthropogenic climate change has the potential to be a major threat to the biodiversity of terrestrial communities, and is one of the main factors affecting species interactions and ecosystem functioning. Previous reports have described three general mechanisms that can affect species as a re ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.