![Coexistence of two anemonefishes, Amphiprion clarkii and A](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015347421_1-4d0281bc3b8a3e695685487f1140c60d-300x300.png)
Coexistence of two anemonefishes, Amphiprion clarkii and A
... & Fishelson 1986) . The two species do not differ greatly in body size and behavior, and frequently interact with each other in the host corals . In each host with two species, only the largest individual of either species can reproduce with the mate. Unlike the two damselfishes, Amphiprion clarkii ...
... & Fishelson 1986) . The two species do not differ greatly in body size and behavior, and frequently interact with each other in the host corals . In each host with two species, only the largest individual of either species can reproduce with the mate. Unlike the two damselfishes, Amphiprion clarkii ...
Rountree, R.A., and K.W. Able. 2007
... organisms that provides resources necessary for survival, growth, and/or reproduction that is defined based on perceived dominant physical or biological characteristics’’ (e.g., salt marsh, coral reef, marsh creek, etc.). May be defined on either macro (intertidal, estuarine) or micro (marsh pool) s ...
... organisms that provides resources necessary for survival, growth, and/or reproduction that is defined based on perceived dominant physical or biological characteristics’’ (e.g., salt marsh, coral reef, marsh creek, etc.). May be defined on either macro (intertidal, estuarine) or micro (marsh pool) s ...
Love thy neighbor? reciprocal impacts between plant community
... top-down effects of herbivores may thus lead to increased community evenness and species richness (Carson and Root 2000, Hillebrand et al. 2007). Given that patterns of herbivory may be influenced by the local plant neighborhood, and damage due to herbivory can alter competitive dynamics among plants ...
... top-down effects of herbivores may thus lead to increased community evenness and species richness (Carson and Root 2000, Hillebrand et al. 2007). Given that patterns of herbivory may be influenced by the local plant neighborhood, and damage due to herbivory can alter competitive dynamics among plants ...
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... has a beautiful song. used by traditional cultures never make it into our drugstores, but they have great value in promoting health and curing disease. Someday, we may want to know more about them. ...
... has a beautiful song. used by traditional cultures never make it into our drugstores, but they have great value in promoting health and curing disease. Someday, we may want to know more about them. ...
Symbiotic relationships between sponges and other organisms from
... ultraviolet radiation, allowing the specimens to live under illuminated habitats (Mercurio et al. 2006). It is possible that an obligatory relationship also exists between H. sonorensis and G. media, at least for H. sonorensis, since it has not been found in isolation within the environment where th ...
... ultraviolet radiation, allowing the specimens to live under illuminated habitats (Mercurio et al. 2006). It is possible that an obligatory relationship also exists between H. sonorensis and G. media, at least for H. sonorensis, since it has not been found in isolation within the environment where th ...
toxic moths: source of a truly safe delicacy - e
... previously reported that Syntomis spp. contain pyrazines as deterrent compounds, and the ingluvies of S. phaegea that we collected tasted bad to us, so this moth is not completely unprotected. This study confirms, as reported in Zagrobelny et al. (2007a), that the CNglc content of individual larvae ...
... previously reported that Syntomis spp. contain pyrazines as deterrent compounds, and the ingluvies of S. phaegea that we collected tasted bad to us, so this moth is not completely unprotected. This study confirms, as reported in Zagrobelny et al. (2007a), that the CNglc content of individual larvae ...
Ecological subsystems via graph theory: the role of
... Using the standard aggregation technique for networks (Ulanowicz and Kemp 1979) and removing selfloops created during this process, every SCC was transformed into a single compartment. In this way, a DAG for every network was obtained. Performing topological sort on each DAG yielded a sequential cha ...
... Using the standard aggregation technique for networks (Ulanowicz and Kemp 1979) and removing selfloops created during this process, every SCC was transformed into a single compartment. In this way, a DAG for every network was obtained. Performing topological sort on each DAG yielded a sequential cha ...
Trait-dependent modification of facilitation on cobble
... Suaeda linearis (family Chenopodiaceae, commonly known as sea-blite), consistently occurred in great enough abundance for meaningful experimentation and analysis. Given the reliance of the entire forb community on the presence of cordgrass (Bruno 2000), other species may have shown similar responses ...
... Suaeda linearis (family Chenopodiaceae, commonly known as sea-blite), consistently occurred in great enough abundance for meaningful experimentation and analysis. Given the reliance of the entire forb community on the presence of cordgrass (Bruno 2000), other species may have shown similar responses ...
Fitness - IIASA PURE
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
A gentle depilation of the niche: Dicean
... very specifically in terms of the physical conditions, food resources, etc., required by the species. For example, he refers to a song sparrow seeking out "its own 'natural' type of habitat, the streamside thicket— the ecologic niche of its species" (Gnnnell 1928, p. 442). In another spot (p. 437), ...
... very specifically in terms of the physical conditions, food resources, etc., required by the species. For example, he refers to a song sparrow seeking out "its own 'natural' type of habitat, the streamside thicket— the ecologic niche of its species" (Gnnnell 1928, p. 442). In another spot (p. 437), ...
Productivity, dispersal and the coexistence of intraguild predators
... IGP is strong and/or when the Intraguild Prey has an overall advantage, and impedes coexistence when the trade-off is weak and/or when the Intraguild Predator has an overall advantage. Second, the Intraguild Prey’s abundance–productivity relationship depends crucially on the dispersal rate of the In ...
... IGP is strong and/or when the Intraguild Prey has an overall advantage, and impedes coexistence when the trade-off is weak and/or when the Intraguild Predator has an overall advantage. Second, the Intraguild Prey’s abundance–productivity relationship depends crucially on the dispersal rate of the In ...
Using stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon to study - ICM-CSIC
... overlap in trophic level (δ15N) and δ13C values (Forero et al., submit.). Authors concluded that coexistence of species in the community could be interpreted as a consequence of superabundance of food or species diversification in morphology and foraging strategies. Results of this work also suggest ...
... overlap in trophic level (δ15N) and δ13C values (Forero et al., submit.). Authors concluded that coexistence of species in the community could be interpreted as a consequence of superabundance of food or species diversification in morphology and foraging strategies. Results of this work also suggest ...
Ecological Effects of Pesticides
... through the ecosystem. Over time, better adapted species come to dominate; entirely new species may change, perhaps in a new or altered ecosystem. 1.2 The organisation in ecosystems The basic level of ecological organisation is with the individual such as a single plant, insect or bird. The definiti ...
... through the ecosystem. Over time, better adapted species come to dominate; entirely new species may change, perhaps in a new or altered ecosystem. 1.2 The organisation in ecosystems The basic level of ecological organisation is with the individual such as a single plant, insect or bird. The definiti ...
Butterfly Insect Parasitoid Fauna
... al., 2004). Due to the lack of information of these parasitoids and their host correlation, it is difficult to discern if threats exist to nontarget native species. For example, several species of the egg-parasite genus Trichogramma are commonly used in biological control programs (Schmidt et al., 2 ...
... al., 2004). Due to the lack of information of these parasitoids and their host correlation, it is difficult to discern if threats exist to nontarget native species. For example, several species of the egg-parasite genus Trichogramma are commonly used in biological control programs (Schmidt et al., 2 ...
Evolutionary Tradeoff and Equilibrium in an Aquatic Predator–Prey
... etc.) are assumed to matter. Even in theories that explicitly combine ecological and evolutionary dynamics, the separation of timescales is typically assumed. For example, Khibnik and Kondrashov (1997) analyze predator–prey coevolution using singular perturbation theory, assuming that ecological dyn ...
... etc.) are assumed to matter. Even in theories that explicitly combine ecological and evolutionary dynamics, the separation of timescales is typically assumed. For example, Khibnik and Kondrashov (1997) analyze predator–prey coevolution using singular perturbation theory, assuming that ecological dyn ...
Trophic polymorphism in a terrestrial salamander John C. Maerz,
... where morphs are easily distinguished, and readily accept that those polymorphisms are adaptive (Skúlason and Smith, 1995; Smith and Skúlason, 1996). Less appreciated but potentially more common are cases of trophic polymorphism where phenotypes cannot easily be distinguished and show a continuous, ...
... where morphs are easily distinguished, and readily accept that those polymorphisms are adaptive (Skúlason and Smith, 1995; Smith and Skúlason, 1996). Less appreciated but potentially more common are cases of trophic polymorphism where phenotypes cannot easily be distinguished and show a continuous, ...
Dispersal: a central trait in life history
... between aerial dispersal and fecundity (Li and Margolies 1994). In Erigone spiders and Melitaea butterflies, phenotypic correlations with vital rates were observed across different experimental or metapopulation contexts, pointing at the existence of colonization syndromes (Bonte and Saastamoinen 20 ...
... between aerial dispersal and fecundity (Li and Margolies 1994). In Erigone spiders and Melitaea butterflies, phenotypic correlations with vital rates were observed across different experimental or metapopulation contexts, pointing at the existence of colonization syndromes (Bonte and Saastamoinen 20 ...
(Apios americana Medicus) in Colorado
... Research by CNHP botanists and volunteers in the summer of 2000 was intended to 1) assess the status of the known occurrences, 2) assess the overall status of the species in Colorado, 3) search for previously unknown occurrences, 4) conduct preliminary research on the reproductive biology and pollin ...
... Research by CNHP botanists and volunteers in the summer of 2000 was intended to 1) assess the status of the known occurrences, 2) assess the overall status of the species in Colorado, 3) search for previously unknown occurrences, 4) conduct preliminary research on the reproductive biology and pollin ...
Dispersal: a central trait in life history
... between aerial dispersal and fecundity (Li and Margolies 1994). In Erigone spiders and Melitaea butterflies, phenotypic correlations with vital rates were observed across different experimental or metapopulation contexts, pointing at the existence of colonization syndromes (Bonte and Saastamoinen 20 ...
... between aerial dispersal and fecundity (Li and Margolies 1994). In Erigone spiders and Melitaea butterflies, phenotypic correlations with vital rates were observed across different experimental or metapopulation contexts, pointing at the existence of colonization syndromes (Bonte and Saastamoinen 20 ...
Using trophic hierarchy to understand food web
... computation is made possible by a suite of different techniques that are essentially based on matrix manipulations; in this paper we used the following three methods: a) the canonical trophic aggregation (C, Ulanowicz and Kemp 1979, Scotti et al. 2006); b) the network unfolding approach (H, Higashi ...
... computation is made possible by a suite of different techniques that are essentially based on matrix manipulations; in this paper we used the following three methods: a) the canonical trophic aggregation (C, Ulanowicz and Kemp 1979, Scotti et al. 2006); b) the network unfolding approach (H, Higashi ...
Overview of temporary ponds in the Mediterranean region : Threats
... of which are endemic. Temporary ponds are isolated habitats, which are also important environments for many migratory birds (Grillas et al., 2004a; Madhyastha et al., 2000). The flora and fauna are uniquely adapted and as a result can cope in a great variety of environmental changes. In some cases, ...
... of which are endemic. Temporary ponds are isolated habitats, which are also important environments for many migratory birds (Grillas et al., 2004a; Madhyastha et al., 2000). The flora and fauna are uniquely adapted and as a result can cope in a great variety of environmental changes. In some cases, ...
introduced browsing mammals in new zealand natural forests
... Abstract. Forest dwelling browsing mammals, notably feral goats and deer, have been introduced to New Zealand over the past 220 years; prior to this such mammals were absent from New Zealand. The New Zealand forested landscape, therefore, presents an almost unique opportunity to determine the impact ...
... Abstract. Forest dwelling browsing mammals, notably feral goats and deer, have been introduced to New Zealand over the past 220 years; prior to this such mammals were absent from New Zealand. The New Zealand forested landscape, therefore, presents an almost unique opportunity to determine the impact ...
When parasites become prey - University of Colorado Boulder
... (Figure 1a). Some complex life cycle parasites induce changes in host characteristics, such as physical appearance, stamina or behavior, that increase the likelihood of host consumption by downstream hosts [9–12]. However, parasite manipulation might also result in ingestion by ‘unsuitable’ predator ...
... (Figure 1a). Some complex life cycle parasites induce changes in host characteristics, such as physical appearance, stamina or behavior, that increase the likelihood of host consumption by downstream hosts [9–12]. However, parasite manipulation might also result in ingestion by ‘unsuitable’ predator ...
Johnson et al. 2010 eating parasites
... (Figure 1a). Some complex life cycle parasites induce changes in host characteristics, such as physical appearance, stamina or behavior, that increase the likelihood of host consumption by downstream hosts [9–12]. However, parasite manipulation might also result in ingestion by ‘unsuitable’ predator ...
... (Figure 1a). Some complex life cycle parasites induce changes in host characteristics, such as physical appearance, stamina or behavior, that increase the likelihood of host consumption by downstream hosts [9–12]. However, parasite manipulation might also result in ingestion by ‘unsuitable’ predator ...
Research Information on Acacia Erioloba
... although larger trees survive these. Large, old trees within populations are susceptible to fire (Van der Walt and Le Riche 1984) and storms (Wackernagel 1993, Barnes 1999), however. A. erioloba is able to resprout after fire (Skarpe 1980), felling (Henkel 1931) and herbivory (Barnes 1999), but appe ...
... although larger trees survive these. Large, old trees within populations are susceptible to fire (Van der Walt and Le Riche 1984) and storms (Wackernagel 1993, Barnes 1999), however. A. erioloba is able to resprout after fire (Skarpe 1980), felling (Henkel 1931) and herbivory (Barnes 1999), but appe ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.