Niche distribution and influence of environmental parameters
... respond similarly to environmental conditions of their habitats and possibly compete for resources (Ulrich et al., 2009; Maire et al., 2012). In contrast, niche partitioning, allows co-occurring microorganisms to avoid competition by using different strategies to exploit the diversity of resources a ...
... respond similarly to environmental conditions of their habitats and possibly compete for resources (Ulrich et al., 2009; Maire et al., 2012). In contrast, niche partitioning, allows co-occurring microorganisms to avoid competition by using different strategies to exploit the diversity of resources a ...
A New Approach to Homeostatic Regulation: Towards a Unified
... while for higher growth rates, the relation becomes more sigmoidal and phytoplankton stoichiometry varies less (Fig. 3A), indicating a limit to the flexibility of phytoplankton stoichiometry. Thus, phytoplankton stoichiometry matches the nutrient supply stoichiometry over a broad range at low growth ...
... while for higher growth rates, the relation becomes more sigmoidal and phytoplankton stoichiometry varies less (Fig. 3A), indicating a limit to the flexibility of phytoplankton stoichiometry. Thus, phytoplankton stoichiometry matches the nutrient supply stoichiometry over a broad range at low growth ...
Cross-scale Drivers of Natural Disturbances Prone to Anthropogenic
... droctonus, Ips, and Scolytus. Even among the tree-killing such as carbon cycling and sequestration (Kurz et al. 2008). species, populations erupt only intermittently. Populations of In recent years, the magnitude of epidemics has increased, these species can remain in an endemic state for long perio ...
... droctonus, Ips, and Scolytus. Even among the tree-killing such as carbon cycling and sequestration (Kurz et al. 2008). species, populations erupt only intermittently. Populations of In recent years, the magnitude of epidemics has increased, these species can remain in an endemic state for long perio ...
Master thesis for master Environmental Biology at Utrecht University
... species disappear from a significant part of the original habitat. One of the ways in which humans have altered the environment is by artificial illumination of the night. There has been a sharp increase in artificial lighting in the past century (Frank, 1988), and an increasing part of the world is ...
... species disappear from a significant part of the original habitat. One of the ways in which humans have altered the environment is by artificial illumination of the night. There has been a sharp increase in artificial lighting in the past century (Frank, 1988), and an increasing part of the world is ...
Sander vitreus
... growing conditions and a 10 year old fish can be 40-80 cm in length. Females are larger than males and reach maturity at 3-8 years; males mature a year earlier. Reproduction occurs in spring when water temperatures rise above 5°C after a potentially extensive migration to the spawning location. Spaw ...
... growing conditions and a 10 year old fish can be 40-80 cm in length. Females are larger than males and reach maturity at 3-8 years; males mature a year earlier. Reproduction occurs in spring when water temperatures rise above 5°C after a potentially extensive migration to the spawning location. Spaw ...
significant natural areas timaru district
... the protection of areas of significant indigenous vegetation and significant habitats of indigenous fauna” as a matter of national importance. A range of approaches have been used by Councils throughout New Zealand to meet this obligation. Timaru District Council identified SNAs during preparation o ...
... the protection of areas of significant indigenous vegetation and significant habitats of indigenous fauna” as a matter of national importance. A range of approaches have been used by Councils throughout New Zealand to meet this obligation. Timaru District Council identified SNAs during preparation o ...
References - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... PSU: Photosynthetic unit: the leaflet, simple leaf, cladode, unit of green stem, etc. Pulse perturbation: A change in the physical or biotic environment of a community that is applied and immediately removed (as immediately as it can be). Quadrat: A vegetation sample of specified shape and area or v ...
... PSU: Photosynthetic unit: the leaflet, simple leaf, cladode, unit of green stem, etc. Pulse perturbation: A change in the physical or biotic environment of a community that is applied and immediately removed (as immediately as it can be). Quadrat: A vegetation sample of specified shape and area or v ...
Slide 1
... of the web and the stability of the entire ecosystem. Ecosystems have a way to balance changes so that up and down fluctuations are part of the natural balance of the whole. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy ...
... of the web and the stability of the entire ecosystem. Ecosystems have a way to balance changes so that up and down fluctuations are part of the natural balance of the whole. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy ...
PDF
... invasions. The specifications for a generic analytical framework appropriate for such a task are complex, particularly in terms of an epidemiological model. Firstly, it needs to capture the principle ecological processes such as arrival, establishment, population growth and spatial spread. Secondly, ...
... invasions. The specifications for a generic analytical framework appropriate for such a task are complex, particularly in terms of an epidemiological model. Firstly, it needs to capture the principle ecological processes such as arrival, establishment, population growth and spatial spread. Secondly, ...
Ontario Moose Resource Report for WMU 01A
... abundance, distribution, harvest, and recruitment trends. In Ontario, the size of the moose population is estimated on a WMU basis through the use of Moose Aerial Inventories. Inventories use a consistent method across the province for estimating moose populations from an aircraft, and are generally ...
... abundance, distribution, harvest, and recruitment trends. In Ontario, the size of the moose population is estimated on a WMU basis through the use of Moose Aerial Inventories. Inventories use a consistent method across the province for estimating moose populations from an aircraft, and are generally ...
Exploring the Status of Population Genetics: The Role of Ecology
... Lepidoptera’’) in the 1940s and the 1950s, i.e., during and immediately following the Synthesis. Perhaps the best known of those considered in the tradition of Ford’s ‘‘school’’ of ecological genetics are the studies of Biston betularia (peppered moth) by Kettlewell (1955, 1956), the studies of Cepa ...
... Lepidoptera’’) in the 1940s and the 1950s, i.e., during and immediately following the Synthesis. Perhaps the best known of those considered in the tradition of Ford’s ‘‘school’’ of ecological genetics are the studies of Biston betularia (peppered moth) by Kettlewell (1955, 1956), the studies of Cepa ...
Biological Control - Parasite Ecology Group
... of obligate hyperparasitoids and facultative hyperparasitoids. Obligate means that these organisms are never primary parasitoids; facultative hyperparasitoids may act as primary parasitoids whenever development occurs in an unparasitized host. Negative facultative interactions include suppression of ...
... of obligate hyperparasitoids and facultative hyperparasitoids. Obligate means that these organisms are never primary parasitoids; facultative hyperparasitoids may act as primary parasitoids whenever development occurs in an unparasitized host. Negative facultative interactions include suppression of ...
Are Tree Species Diversity and Genotypic Diversity Effects on Insect
... have received much attention over the last two decades [1, 2, 3,4], there is also increasing evidence for plant diversity effects on higher trophic levels [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. In particular, a number of studies have shown that both intra- and inter-specific plant diversity, measured as the number of ...
... have received much attention over the last two decades [1, 2, 3,4], there is also increasing evidence for plant diversity effects on higher trophic levels [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. In particular, a number of studies have shown that both intra- and inter-specific plant diversity, measured as the number of ...
Could controlling mammalian carnivores lead to mesopredator
... over and above predation by foxes and cats [60]. In the Great Victoria Desert, Pianka [35] described V. gouldii as a keystone predator as it consumes the largest array of reptile species including three other species of Varanus, as well as its own kind. Instances of varanids being used for pest cont ...
... over and above predation by foxes and cats [60]. In the Great Victoria Desert, Pianka [35] described V. gouldii as a keystone predator as it consumes the largest array of reptile species including three other species of Varanus, as well as its own kind. Instances of varanids being used for pest cont ...
Large wildlife removal drives immune defence increases
... invasive species have been shown to impact immune function of wild animals. These immune changes have direct impacts on the fitness of impacted animals and, also, potentially indirect effects on other species and on ecological processes, notably involving the spread of infectious disease. Here, we inv ...
... invasive species have been shown to impact immune function of wild animals. These immune changes have direct impacts on the fitness of impacted animals and, also, potentially indirect effects on other species and on ecological processes, notably involving the spread of infectious disease. Here, we inv ...
Reproductive ecology of Bombina variegata: characterisation of
... forspawning at ponds ponds. were numbers increased with water both that when all.Among theephemeral used, egg ponds temperature, areas within numbers inponds between different were also of and ponds. Egg higher among ponds compared than inthose forshorter orlonger Ponds ofintermediate duration with ...
... forspawning at ponds ponds. were numbers increased with water both that when all.Among theephemeral used, egg ponds temperature, areas within numbers inponds between different were also of and ponds. Egg higher among ponds compared than inthose forshorter orlonger Ponds ofintermediate duration with ...
6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
... The main threats to these grassland communities are inappropriate grazing practices, the construction of infrastructures (mainly ski resorts), and perturbations caused by changes in land use and global warming. Subalpine and alpine pastures tolerate moderate grazing, and the elimination of grazing c ...
... The main threats to these grassland communities are inappropriate grazing practices, the construction of infrastructures (mainly ski resorts), and perturbations caused by changes in land use and global warming. Subalpine and alpine pastures tolerate moderate grazing, and the elimination of grazing c ...
Biodiversity, Functioning - School of Natural Resources and
... between green (living plant-based) and brown (detrital-based) food webs. A recent meta-analysis of top-down and bottom-up effects in detrital food webs (Srivastava et al., 2009) showed that detrital processing (top-down effects) was increased by high detritivore diversity, but showed variable respon ...
... between green (living plant-based) and brown (detrital-based) food webs. A recent meta-analysis of top-down and bottom-up effects in detrital food webs (Srivastava et al., 2009) showed that detrital processing (top-down effects) was increased by high detritivore diversity, but showed variable respon ...
Regional recovery plan for threatened species and ecological
... The threatened species and ecological communities Many species have become extinct in the AMLR region, and a range of threatened species that may still be extant are considered ‘functionally extinct’. The species and subspecies included in this plan are considered threatened and are currently declin ...
... The threatened species and ecological communities Many species have become extinct in the AMLR region, and a range of threatened species that may still be extant are considered ‘functionally extinct’. The species and subspecies included in this plan are considered threatened and are currently declin ...
Full-Text PDF
... to become organized into so-called infield systems [35,36]. Land around farms was enclosed to Cultural landscapes in northern Scandinavia, for example transhumance systems with summer control herbivory from livestock and was used as either cropland or meadows for the production of farms [30] or the ...
... to become organized into so-called infield systems [35,36]. Land around farms was enclosed to Cultural landscapes in northern Scandinavia, for example transhumance systems with summer control herbivory from livestock and was used as either cropland or meadows for the production of farms [30] or the ...
keeping options alive - World Resources Report
... to support them has grown dramatically since the late 1970s, as has the availability of effective conservation techniques. Worldwide, more people trained in forestry, ecology, conservation biology, and other key fields are needed, but their ranks are beginning to grow. For all these reasons, the cha ...
... to support them has grown dramatically since the late 1970s, as has the availability of effective conservation techniques. Worldwide, more people trained in forestry, ecology, conservation biology, and other key fields are needed, but their ranks are beginning to grow. For all these reasons, the cha ...
Our Natural Heritage, Bioregional Pride
... In the curriculum we refer to four ecological regions and their corresponding ecosystems. The names of these ecosystems are based on their vegetative communities, for instance, chaparral. However, an ecosystem is made up of all biotic and abiotic elements and their interactions. In other words, when ...
... In the curriculum we refer to four ecological regions and their corresponding ecosystems. The names of these ecosystems are based on their vegetative communities, for instance, chaparral. However, an ecosystem is made up of all biotic and abiotic elements and their interactions. In other words, when ...
Spatial and temporal scales of key ecological processes in Marine
... processes in the multiple use marine waters (i.e. outside the existing MPAs) in each marine bioregion. The critical ecological processes range, for example, from the nutrient dynamics associated with major upwellings (lifting of cold, nutrient-rich deep waters to the surface) through to the dispersa ...
... processes in the multiple use marine waters (i.e. outside the existing MPAs) in each marine bioregion. The critical ecological processes range, for example, from the nutrient dynamics associated with major upwellings (lifting of cold, nutrient-rich deep waters to the surface) through to the dispersa ...
Limits on ecosystem trophic complexity: insights from
... probability that it goes from node i to node j, ti . is the probability that it is in a flow out of node i, and t.j is the probability that it is in a flow into node j. The quantity Gij is the ratio of the first of these probabilities – which is a joint probability, to the product of the other two ( ...
... probability that it goes from node i to node j, ti . is the probability that it is in a flow out of node i, and t.j is the probability that it is in a flow into node j. The quantity Gij is the ratio of the first of these probabilities – which is a joint probability, to the product of the other two ( ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.