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Page of 12 A2 U4 Biology Notes – HM Ecology 5.10 – 5.12
... also affects the environment of this organism and other organisms too. So one must come to appreciate the complexity of biological interrelationships at all levels of biological organisation (from the molecule, the cell, the organism, the population/ecosystem). This is actually very simple: We under ...
... also affects the environment of this organism and other organisms too. So one must come to appreciate the complexity of biological interrelationships at all levels of biological organisation (from the molecule, the cell, the organism, the population/ecosystem). This is actually very simple: We under ...
Strategies for the selection of reference organisms in environmental
... In current regulatory practice concern for protection of the environment from potential adverse effects of radiation exposure has typically been addressed through reliance on the assumption that protection of humans wilt result in adequate protection of the environment [1]. This standpoint has been ...
... In current regulatory practice concern for protection of the environment from potential adverse effects of radiation exposure has typically been addressed through reliance on the assumption that protection of humans wilt result in adequate protection of the environment [1]. This standpoint has been ...
James A. Estes , 301 (2011); DOI: 10.1126/science.1205106
... The loss of apex consumers is arguably humankind’s most pervasive influence on the natural world. This is true in part because it has occurred globally and in part because extinctions are by their very nature perpetual, whereas most other environmental impacts are potentially reversible on decadal t ...
... The loss of apex consumers is arguably humankind’s most pervasive influence on the natural world. This is true in part because it has occurred globally and in part because extinctions are by their very nature perpetual, whereas most other environmental impacts are potentially reversible on decadal t ...
18th_Lecture
... ancestral in birds If so, ratites could have retained the ancestral state And, if so, then female care and biparental care would be derived conditions A male of the medium-sized predatory dinosaur Troodon (North America late Cretaceous) brooding a large clutch of eggs. Female archosaurs extract subs ...
... ancestral in birds If so, ratites could have retained the ancestral state And, if so, then female care and biparental care would be derived conditions A male of the medium-sized predatory dinosaur Troodon (North America late Cretaceous) brooding a large clutch of eggs. Female archosaurs extract subs ...
Climate Change and Invasive Species
... 1) Native non-invaders The first category of species contains those which are located within their historical range, and which do not have the potential to become invasive. The main area of concern is the potential of these species to be harmed or out-competed by invasions. Species most vulnerable ...
... 1) Native non-invaders The first category of species contains those which are located within their historical range, and which do not have the potential to become invasive. The main area of concern is the potential of these species to be harmed or out-competed by invasions. Species most vulnerable ...
eandb2 15 kb eandb2
... By contrast, the negative form can arise in nature as a method of improving the survival rates of the whole population by decreasing intra-specific competition. It can maintain two or more separate phenotypes in the population. An example of negative frequency-dependent selection is found in the Afr ...
... By contrast, the negative form can arise in nature as a method of improving the survival rates of the whole population by decreasing intra-specific competition. It can maintain two or more separate phenotypes in the population. An example of negative frequency-dependent selection is found in the Afr ...
Species diversity
... • Top predators: species eaten by nothing else in the food web • Basal species: species that feed on nothing within the food web • Intermediate species: species that have both predators and prey within the food web • Trophic species: groups of organisms that have identical sets of predators and prey ...
... • Top predators: species eaten by nothing else in the food web • Basal species: species that feed on nothing within the food web • Intermediate species: species that have both predators and prey within the food web • Trophic species: groups of organisms that have identical sets of predators and prey ...
LESSON TWO INVASIVE SPECIES AND BIODIVERSITY
... rainforests tend to have many more species than arctic regions; we say that rainforests have greater species richness than arctic regions (tropical rainforests are thought to be the oldest biome on Earth and thus it is not surprising that they contain the most species, because they have had the most ...
... rainforests tend to have many more species than arctic regions; we say that rainforests have greater species richness than arctic regions (tropical rainforests are thought to be the oldest biome on Earth and thus it is not surprising that they contain the most species, because they have had the most ...
Symbiosis: I get by with a little help from my friends*.
... Abiotic Conditions: Non-living things needed to survive (sun, temperature, water, salt water, fresh water, heat, protection, etc.) Behavior: When and how it reproduces, mating rituals, hibernation, defense mechanisms, different parts of the tree ...
... Abiotic Conditions: Non-living things needed to survive (sun, temperature, water, salt water, fresh water, heat, protection, etc.) Behavior: When and how it reproduces, mating rituals, hibernation, defense mechanisms, different parts of the tree ...
Chapter 52 Notes
... Why did the fungus suddenly thrive in the rainforest habitat? o Cloudier days and warmer nights associated with global warming appear to have created an environment ideal for its success. ...
... Why did the fungus suddenly thrive in the rainforest habitat? o Cloudier days and warmer nights associated with global warming appear to have created an environment ideal for its success. ...
as a PDF
... et al. 2000). What we are concerned with here is the generality of that support in the light of more realistic assumptions about invasion biology. To test these assumptions, we utilized a standard Lotka–Volterra assembly model, similar to those used in past studies on biological invasions. These mod ...
... et al. 2000). What we are concerned with here is the generality of that support in the light of more realistic assumptions about invasion biology. To test these assumptions, we utilized a standard Lotka–Volterra assembly model, similar to those used in past studies on biological invasions. These mod ...
WB_A_53-56
... in a community over time is called ecological succession. Over the course of succession, the number of different species usually increases. Primary succession begins in areas with no remnants of an older community. It occurs on bare rock surfaces where no soil exists. The first species to live in an ...
... in a community over time is called ecological succession. Over the course of succession, the number of different species usually increases. Primary succession begins in areas with no remnants of an older community. It occurs on bare rock surfaces where no soil exists. The first species to live in an ...
Ecological Equivalence: A Realistic Assumption for Niche Theory as
... their vital rates. As a null hypothesis to explain what should be observed if all species were perfectly equal with respect to all ecologically relevant properties, it has proved hard to refute [2]. Yet no ecologist, including Hubbell, believes that species are equivalent in reality [3,4]. The chall ...
... their vital rates. As a null hypothesis to explain what should be observed if all species were perfectly equal with respect to all ecologically relevant properties, it has proved hard to refute [2]. Yet no ecologist, including Hubbell, believes that species are equivalent in reality [3,4]. The chall ...
diversity, utilization of resources, and adaptive radiation in shallow
... attempt to quantify some aspects of this diversity and to apply some recent contributions to the theory of the ecological niche to evaluate thlc importance of certain factors that can lead to incrcascd Except in broad outline faunal diversity. the community is too complex to be acccssiblc as a who,l ...
... attempt to quantify some aspects of this diversity and to apply some recent contributions to the theory of the ecological niche to evaluate thlc importance of certain factors that can lead to incrcascd Except in broad outline faunal diversity. the community is too complex to be acccssiblc as a who,l ...
Evolution on ecological time-scales
... contemporary evolution leads to many new questions. Are the high frequencies and rates of evolution observed in modern times unusual, perhaps the result our own increasing impact on the selective environments of other taxa? Or, has evolution always occurred on ecological time-scales, but been largel ...
... contemporary evolution leads to many new questions. Are the high frequencies and rates of evolution observed in modern times unusual, perhaps the result our own increasing impact on the selective environments of other taxa? Or, has evolution always occurred on ecological time-scales, but been largel ...
Using surrogate (or substitute) pest (or insect or species) in the
... 1. Simply put, a surrogate species is one that can be studied so that data from it will also apply to another species (which I will label “target species”). One can use a set of species or just one species (“umbrella” species) to represent all target species. One species can be used to represent ano ...
... 1. Simply put, a surrogate species is one that can be studied so that data from it will also apply to another species (which I will label “target species”). One can use a set of species or just one species (“umbrella” species) to represent all target species. One species can be used to represent ano ...
How functional is functional? Ecological groupings in terrestrial
... Cabido 2001; Brodie et al. 2009), to classify habitats (e.g. Degraaf and Chadwick 1984; Kurosawa 2009), to predict changes due to environmental alterations (e.g. Croonquist and Brooks 1991; Wiegand et al. 1997; Kissling et al. 2008), and in landscape management and nature conservation (e.g. Verner 1 ...
... Cabido 2001; Brodie et al. 2009), to classify habitats (e.g. Degraaf and Chadwick 1984; Kurosawa 2009), to predict changes due to environmental alterations (e.g. Croonquist and Brooks 1991; Wiegand et al. 1997; Kissling et al. 2008), and in landscape management and nature conservation (e.g. Verner 1 ...
Community assembly, coexistence and the environmental filtering
... 1. One of the most pervasive concepts in the study of community assembly is the metaphor of the environmental filter, which refers to abiotic factors that prevent the establishment or persistence of species in a particular location. The metaphor has its origins in the study of community change during ...
... 1. One of the most pervasive concepts in the study of community assembly is the metaphor of the environmental filter, which refers to abiotic factors that prevent the establishment or persistence of species in a particular location. The metaphor has its origins in the study of community change during ...
Scale, Environment, and Trophic Status: The Context Dependency
... curvature of the relationship, also called the half-saturation constant, and Vmax provides an estimate of the asymptote, which approaches infinity as the relationship becomes more linear (regionally dominated). This asymptote represents a quantitative measure of saturation: if the asymptote is estim ...
... curvature of the relationship, also called the half-saturation constant, and Vmax provides an estimate of the asymptote, which approaches infinity as the relationship becomes more linear (regionally dominated). This asymptote represents a quantitative measure of saturation: if the asymptote is estim ...
Seasonal species interactions minimize the impact of species
... dynamics of the terrestrial vertebrate predator–prey community in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (northeast Poland). Between summer and winter, this community shows an important species turnover and changes in species interactions (predator diet). Using a general predator–prey model (Case and Caste ...
... dynamics of the terrestrial vertebrate predator–prey community in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (northeast Poland). Between summer and winter, this community shows an important species turnover and changes in species interactions (predator diet). Using a general predator–prey model (Case and Caste ...
Lesson 3 - Scientist in Residence
... require special attention for conservation and management. Baseline measurements can also be used to compare the biodiversity status of communities, ecosystems and regions over time and thus are useful tools for assessing changes. Scientists also measure species diversity so they can better estimate ...
... require special attention for conservation and management. Baseline measurements can also be used to compare the biodiversity status of communities, ecosystems and regions over time and thus are useful tools for assessing changes. Scientists also measure species diversity so they can better estimate ...
CHALLENGES FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT When Native
... and they became extinct. Birds are believed to be their only living descendants. Conversely, a non-native is an organism that is not originally from an area. Non-native species do not have to be living and reproducing in an area to be classified as a non-native. Quarantine laws seek to restrict many ...
... and they became extinct. Birds are believed to be their only living descendants. Conversely, a non-native is an organism that is not originally from an area. Non-native species do not have to be living and reproducing in an area to be classified as a non-native. Quarantine laws seek to restrict many ...
Predation, Herbivory, and Parasitism
... When all oranges were easily accessible from their neighbors, the predator mites quickly ate all the prey mites, and one or both populations went extinct. But when Huffaker isolated the oranges by adding vaseline "walls" throughout the tray that made it harder for mites—especially predator mites—to ...
... When all oranges were easily accessible from their neighbors, the predator mites quickly ate all the prey mites, and one or both populations went extinct. But when Huffaker isolated the oranges by adding vaseline "walls" throughout the tray that made it harder for mites—especially predator mites—to ...
APPENDIX D: Specialist reports - Sazi Environmental Consulting
... mineral landscape, as well as rich cultural/ historical past. ...
... mineral landscape, as well as rich cultural/ historical past. ...
Sketch - Turner USD #202
... Main Idea: Classify Predator-Prey relationships and Parasite-Host relationships. Supporting Details: 1. Predators each, and usually kill, their prey. 2. Parasites feed off of, but usually don’t kill, their hosts. 3. Classify the following relationships (in your notebooks) as predator-and-prey (P-P) ...
... Main Idea: Classify Predator-Prey relationships and Parasite-Host relationships. Supporting Details: 1. Predators each, and usually kill, their prey. 2. Parasites feed off of, but usually don’t kill, their hosts. 3. Classify the following relationships (in your notebooks) as predator-and-prey (P-P) ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.