![The animal species–body size distribution of Marion Island](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013470005_1-eda3cdcbe58133eaa061d3742e515e9b-300x300.png)
The animal species–body size distribution of Marion Island
... significant. For the larger insects, on the other hand, body size may already be large enough to ensure survival. In this case, the higher abundances (12) and the decline in probability of detection and subsequent eradication by humans associated with small body size are likely to be most significan ...
... significant. For the larger insects, on the other hand, body size may already be large enough to ensure survival. In this case, the higher abundances (12) and the decline in probability of detection and subsequent eradication by humans associated with small body size are likely to be most significan ...
http://www.ca.blm.gov/pdfs/palmsprings_pdfs/pdfs_coachella/Glossary.pdf
... Carrying Capacity: Maximum stocking rate possible without inducing damage to vegetation or related resources. It may vary from year to year on the same area due to fluctuating weather conditions and forage production (see grazing capacity). Catastrophic Event: A large scale, high intensity natural d ...
... Carrying Capacity: Maximum stocking rate possible without inducing damage to vegetation or related resources. It may vary from year to year on the same area due to fluctuating weather conditions and forage production (see grazing capacity). Catastrophic Event: A large scale, high intensity natural d ...
Lesson 12 - Alaska Geobotany Center
... It cannot be denied that European ideas of plant association are ased to a large extent on northern montane vegetation, either unistratose or havign a relatively simple stratification. If one looks through illustrations in Braun-Blanquets Pflanzensoziologie one cannot but be struck by the high prop ...
... It cannot be denied that European ideas of plant association are ased to a large extent on northern montane vegetation, either unistratose or havign a relatively simple stratification. If one looks through illustrations in Braun-Blanquets Pflanzensoziologie one cannot but be struck by the high prop ...
Evolutionary diversification, coevolution between populations and
... over space within regions. Ecological niche modeling draws attention to the population niche as it is distributed across spatial environmental gradients, whereas phylogenetic community analysis emphasizes the evolutionary diversification of individual traits and the influence of ecological interaction ...
... over space within regions. Ecological niche modeling draws attention to the population niche as it is distributed across spatial environmental gradients, whereas phylogenetic community analysis emphasizes the evolutionary diversification of individual traits and the influence of ecological interaction ...
Specific research objectives
... consequences of landscape fragmentation for species distribution and do not have a good knowledge of the traits responsible for this distribution. Also we do not know much about evolution of traits related to species dispersal ability and survival of species at fragmented habitats to understand the ...
... consequences of landscape fragmentation for species distribution and do not have a good knowledge of the traits responsible for this distribution. Also we do not know much about evolution of traits related to species dispersal ability and survival of species at fragmented habitats to understand the ...
1 - Home
... Evolutionary ecology (see Pianka (1994)) is only comprehensible considering exceptions outside the limits of a normal test population (3·standard deviation) as Philp (2001) described. Diversity is also a precondition for trade and communication. If production and consumption would be the same every ...
... Evolutionary ecology (see Pianka (1994)) is only comprehensible considering exceptions outside the limits of a normal test population (3·standard deviation) as Philp (2001) described. Diversity is also a precondition for trade and communication. If production and consumption would be the same every ...
Evolution
... Postzygotic isolation occurs when fertilization has occurred but a hybrid offspring cannot develop or reproduce. Prevents offspring survival or reproduction Liger ...
... Postzygotic isolation occurs when fertilization has occurred but a hybrid offspring cannot develop or reproduce. Prevents offspring survival or reproduction Liger ...
Ecological benefits of the temporary nature concept
... overall population afterwards is not smaller than before temporary nature. Destruction can have a more far-reaching negative impact on species that choose temporary nature for reproduction. Destruction should not be done during the breeding season, or breeding should be actively avoided before destr ...
... overall population afterwards is not smaller than before temporary nature. Destruction can have a more far-reaching negative impact on species that choose temporary nature for reproduction. Destruction should not be done during the breeding season, or breeding should be actively avoided before destr ...
Brooks, W.R. (2012). Behavioral, physiological and
... Finally, the most abundant of all animals – the insects – have more than their fair share of potential parasites to remove, including closely related members within the arthropod taxon. Social insects show some of the greatest adaptations for grooming. Specifically, allogrooming is highly important ...
... Finally, the most abundant of all animals – the insects – have more than their fair share of potential parasites to remove, including closely related members within the arthropod taxon. Social insects show some of the greatest adaptations for grooming. Specifically, allogrooming is highly important ...
Microcosm Experiments as a Tool in Soil Ecology Studies
... Soil microcosms are also called Terrestrial Model Ecosystems (Carbonell and Tarazona, 2014). There is a large diversity of microcosm studies from simple systems to sophisticated terrestrial ecosystems. Many disciplines have utilized microcosms as a powerful research tool especially microbiologists, ...
... Soil microcosms are also called Terrestrial Model Ecosystems (Carbonell and Tarazona, 2014). There is a large diversity of microcosm studies from simple systems to sophisticated terrestrial ecosystems. Many disciplines have utilized microcosms as a powerful research tool especially microbiologists, ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating
... 1.1. Microevolution and Population Dynamics Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occu ...
... 1.1. Microevolution and Population Dynamics Ecology and evolution have developed as separate fields based on the distinction between “ecological time” and “evolutionary time” made by Slobodkin (1961). Hairston et al. (2005) have proposed that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occu ...
Conservation of species interaction networks
... processes through time under fluctuating environmental conditions. If, for example, a diverse array of predators attacked a particular pest species, compensation between different predator species following environmental change could maintain pest control through time. This process, known as ‘the ins ...
... processes through time under fluctuating environmental conditions. If, for example, a diverse array of predators attacked a particular pest species, compensation between different predator species following environmental change could maintain pest control through time. This process, known as ‘the ins ...
Criteria for Categorizing Invasive Non
... Produce a list that itself has regulatory force, though regulators can use the information to determine whether particular species should be added or removed from existing noxious weed lists; Predict behavior of species not yet introduced or established in the ecosystems under consideration; Provide ...
... Produce a list that itself has regulatory force, though regulators can use the information to determine whether particular species should be added or removed from existing noxious weed lists; Predict behavior of species not yet introduced or established in the ecosystems under consideration; Provide ...
sympatric speciation
... •While polyploid speciation does occur in animals, other mechanisms also contribute to sympatric speciation in animals. •Sympatric speciation can result when genetic factors cause individuals to be fixed on resources not used by the parent. •These may include genetic switches from one breeding habi ...
... •While polyploid speciation does occur in animals, other mechanisms also contribute to sympatric speciation in animals. •Sympatric speciation can result when genetic factors cause individuals to be fixed on resources not used by the parent. •These may include genetic switches from one breeding habi ...
Course Competencies Template
... Describing the stages of ecological succession in a local ecosystem and the resulting changes in species diversity. Identifying the abiotic and biotic factors that result in community changes over time. Discussing the significance of the Lotka-Voltera model and identifying the four potential outcome ...
... Describing the stages of ecological succession in a local ecosystem and the resulting changes in species diversity. Identifying the abiotic and biotic factors that result in community changes over time. Discussing the significance of the Lotka-Voltera model and identifying the four potential outcome ...
Biotic Invasions: Causes, Epidemiology Biotic Invasions: Causes
... Figure 3 - Invaders often alter drastically the ecosystems they occupy, over-turning native species composition, as well as changing the fire frequency, soil chemistry and hydrology. The Florida Everglades have been much altered by the collective effects of invasive plants, including Schinus terebin ...
... Figure 3 - Invaders often alter drastically the ecosystems they occupy, over-turning native species composition, as well as changing the fire frequency, soil chemistry and hydrology. The Florida Everglades have been much altered by the collective effects of invasive plants, including Schinus terebin ...
Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations
... we will show how the demographic and population genetic changes associated with ecological release may be able to promote speciation and adaptive radiation – but the processes by which this could occur are far from inevitable, and in many cases, supported only weakly by existing theoretical and empi ...
... we will show how the demographic and population genetic changes associated with ecological release may be able to promote speciation and adaptive radiation – but the processes by which this could occur are far from inevitable, and in many cases, supported only weakly by existing theoretical and empi ...
Qualitative stability and digraphs in model ecosystems
... eco\ystems mith great specie\ diversity. Nonetheles5, qualitative stability conditions may be met in nature by ver) simple ecosystem\. In a recent paper, R. bI. hlay (19731 presented necessar) but inhufficient conditions for qualitative stability. In this report, sufficient conditions are expressed ...
... eco\ystems mith great specie\ diversity. Nonetheles5, qualitative stability conditions may be met in nature by ver) simple ecosystem\. In a recent paper, R. bI. hlay (19731 presented necessar) but inhufficient conditions for qualitative stability. In this report, sufficient conditions are expressed ...
Plant ecotype affects interacting organisms across multiple trophic
... Honnay et al. 2002), and climate change can disrupt habitat adaptation of populations (Parmesan 2006). To help the affected organisms survive, a number of practical measures have been suggested, from the creation of new habitats with the help of seed introduction (Hölzel et al. 2012) to the transfer ...
... Honnay et al. 2002), and climate change can disrupt habitat adaptation of populations (Parmesan 2006). To help the affected organisms survive, a number of practical measures have been suggested, from the creation of new habitats with the help of seed introduction (Hölzel et al. 2012) to the transfer ...
Experimental test of plant defence evolution in four species using
... We used linear regressions to test for the evolution of plant traits following the removal of rabbits. For each species, we fit linear models with age of exclosure as a predictor of the average plant trait value per rabbit exclosure (population mean). We infer a significant relationship between age of ...
... We used linear regressions to test for the evolution of plant traits following the removal of rabbits. For each species, we fit linear models with age of exclosure as a predictor of the average plant trait value per rabbit exclosure (population mean). We infer a significant relationship between age of ...
Ecology3e Ch09 Lecture KEY
... Many tropical plants have small ranges. In 1978, 90 new species were discovered, restricted to a single mountain ridge in Ecuador. ...
... Many tropical plants have small ranges. In 1978, 90 new species were discovered, restricted to a single mountain ridge in Ecuador. ...
Mechanisms driving change: altered species interactions and
... synchronous relationships between consumers and resources such as predator-prey and herbivore-plant interactions, are at times based on a similar phenological response, but where these cues are slightly different, the shifts in seasonal temperatures will alter these (see Aizen & Patterson 1995), wit ...
... synchronous relationships between consumers and resources such as predator-prey and herbivore-plant interactions, are at times based on a similar phenological response, but where these cues are slightly different, the shifts in seasonal temperatures will alter these (see Aizen & Patterson 1995), wit ...
Heterospecific courtship, minority effects and niche separation
... competitive exclusion is instead driven by genetic drift and non-resource related selection (reviewed in Gordon, 2000). This might especially apply to phytophagous insects that often experience much lower population densities than the density of their host plant resource (Lawton & Strong, 1981), whi ...
... competitive exclusion is instead driven by genetic drift and non-resource related selection (reviewed in Gordon, 2000). This might especially apply to phytophagous insects that often experience much lower population densities than the density of their host plant resource (Lawton & Strong, 1981), whi ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.