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There are many barriers to species` migrations
... Figure 1. Maps showing the number of future terrestrial pixels that are ‘available’ analogs of the current climate occuring at each pixel of the Earth’s land surface (pixels are 0.5 o latitude/longitude resolution or approximately 55 x 55 km at the equator). In panels A and B, available future clima ...
... Figure 1. Maps showing the number of future terrestrial pixels that are ‘available’ analogs of the current climate occuring at each pixel of the Earth’s land surface (pixels are 0.5 o latitude/longitude resolution or approximately 55 x 55 km at the equator). In panels A and B, available future clima ...
Community Ecology
... - criticized by Abrams 1984, Anderson et al. 1981 - particularly over the assumption that recruitment is constant, unlimited, and does not vary by species. Many communities, however, are recruitment-limited. Supply-side ecology (term coined by Lewin 1986) paradigm shift Example: Fairweather 1988 ...
... - criticized by Abrams 1984, Anderson et al. 1981 - particularly over the assumption that recruitment is constant, unlimited, and does not vary by species. Many communities, however, are recruitment-limited. Supply-side ecology (term coined by Lewin 1986) paradigm shift Example: Fairweather 1988 ...
Invasiveness in plant communities with feedbacks
... species establish into new communities (Williamson & Fitter 1996) and moreover, of those that successfully establish, a large fraction becomes naturalized into the resident community rather than invasive (Richardson et al. 2000). There have been several attempts to determine statistical associations ...
... species establish into new communities (Williamson & Fitter 1996) and moreover, of those that successfully establish, a large fraction becomes naturalized into the resident community rather than invasive (Richardson et al. 2000). There have been several attempts to determine statistical associations ...
A conceptual framework for marine biodiversity and ecosystem
... histories), and interspecific cycles (food webs). In an evolutionary framework, ecology is characterised by change: evolutionary processes never stop. Change is either structural or functional, or both. Palaeontology and long-term ecological series show that stable ecosystems do not exist, at least ...
... histories), and interspecific cycles (food webs). In an evolutionary framework, ecology is characterised by change: evolutionary processes never stop. Change is either structural or functional, or both. Palaeontology and long-term ecological series show that stable ecosystems do not exist, at least ...
An Ecological Theory for the Sudden Origin of Multicellular Life in
... only in the presence of available niches. Rates of speciation must have been very low relative to those that have characterized more modern multitrophic communities. Speciation events may have been confined largely to replacement of lineages terminated by extinction, but low worldwide diversity must ...
... only in the presence of available niches. Rates of speciation must have been very low relative to those that have characterized more modern multitrophic communities. Speciation events may have been confined largely to replacement of lineages terminated by extinction, but low worldwide diversity must ...
Biotic interactions and speciation in the tropics
... selective pressures in the tropics. Furthermore, they proposed that this latitudinal difference in the nature of selection could influence evolutionary diversification and ultimately species richness. In his discussion of species diversity and coexistence in the tropics, MacArthur (1969, p. 26) conc ...
... selective pressures in the tropics. Furthermore, they proposed that this latitudinal difference in the nature of selection could influence evolutionary diversification and ultimately species richness. In his discussion of species diversity and coexistence in the tropics, MacArthur (1969, p. 26) conc ...
Class Notes
... species, they can predict how that species distribution will change with global warming. A major question for tree species is whether seed dispersal is rapid enough to sustain the migration of the species as climate changes. An example to consider is the eastern hemlock, whose movement north was del ...
... species, they can predict how that species distribution will change with global warming. A major question for tree species is whether seed dispersal is rapid enough to sustain the migration of the species as climate changes. An example to consider is the eastern hemlock, whose movement north was del ...
AP Biology - Issaquah Connect
... 10. Look up the definition of natural selection or review briefly the first chapter pages 15 – 18. Using this framework proved two different examples of the relationship between behavioral trait and natural selection. Why does this relationship “make sense”? ...
... 10. Look up the definition of natural selection or review briefly the first chapter pages 15 – 18. Using this framework proved two different examples of the relationship between behavioral trait and natural selection. Why does this relationship “make sense”? ...
CHAPTER 50
... species, they can predict how that species distribution will change with global warming. A major question for tree species is whether seed dispersal is rapid enough to sustain the migration of the species as climate changes. An example to consider is the eastern hemlock, whose movement north was del ...
... species, they can predict how that species distribution will change with global warming. A major question for tree species is whether seed dispersal is rapid enough to sustain the migration of the species as climate changes. An example to consider is the eastern hemlock, whose movement north was del ...
Overexploiting marine ecosystem engineers
... lines: those produced by autogenic engineers whose morphological features alone precipitate local environmental change, and those produced by allogenic engineers, whose behaviors transform biotic or abiotic materials from one physical state to another (Box 1). The framework provided in the Jones et ...
... lines: those produced by autogenic engineers whose morphological features alone precipitate local environmental change, and those produced by allogenic engineers, whose behaviors transform biotic or abiotic materials from one physical state to another (Box 1). The framework provided in the Jones et ...
On Bird Species Diversity Author(s): Robert H. MacArthur and John
... acre. And if the area is so homogeneous that adjacent 1 acre (say) territories are occupied by the same 3 or 4 species, then the whole area cannot have more than 3 This is contradicted by the abundant or 4 species. evidence that stands of vegetation with the degree of homogeneity resulting from a un ...
... acre. And if the area is so homogeneous that adjacent 1 acre (say) territories are occupied by the same 3 or 4 species, then the whole area cannot have more than 3 This is contradicted by the abundant or 4 species. evidence that stands of vegetation with the degree of homogeneity resulting from a un ...
Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... of natural communities. Terrestrial, aquatic, and marine vascover to shade the soil and reduce evaporation rates. In parcular plants (Figure 1b and 1c), as well as reef-forming corals ticular, Bertness and Hacker (1994) showed that the canopy (Figure 1a) and giant kelps, all help to reduce flow (win ...
... of natural communities. Terrestrial, aquatic, and marine vascover to shade the soil and reduce evaporation rates. In parcular plants (Figure 1b and 1c), as well as reef-forming corals ticular, Bertness and Hacker (1994) showed that the canopy (Figure 1a) and giant kelps, all help to reduce flow (win ...
Works Cited
... between morphological traits and life histories and the environmental factors measured. The strongest environmental correlations were with disturbance as measured by a land management index (indicating land usage) and stress or habitat adversity as measured by elevation and vegetation structure. Ri ...
... between morphological traits and life histories and the environmental factors measured. The strongest environmental correlations were with disturbance as measured by a land management index (indicating land usage) and stress or habitat adversity as measured by elevation and vegetation structure. Ri ...
Landscape elements: patches, corridors, boundaries in a
... Gilbert-Norton et al. (2010) conducted a meta-analysis of corridor use and effectiveness in 78 experiments from 35 studies; you should know what their key findings were (from assigned reading). Keep in mind that something that is a corridor to one species may not be perceived or used as such by anot ...
... Gilbert-Norton et al. (2010) conducted a meta-analysis of corridor use and effectiveness in 78 experiments from 35 studies; you should know what their key findings were (from assigned reading). Keep in mind that something that is a corridor to one species may not be perceived or used as such by anot ...
Works Cited
... between morphological traits and life histories and the environmental factors measured. The strongest environmental correlations were with disturbance as measured by a land management index (indicating land usage) and stress or habitat adversity as measured by elevation and vegetation structure. Ri ...
... between morphological traits and life histories and the environmental factors measured. The strongest environmental correlations were with disturbance as measured by a land management index (indicating land usage) and stress or habitat adversity as measured by elevation and vegetation structure. Ri ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of
... ants and the fungus they cultivate, both species gain nutrition from the interaction. • Ants also disperse the fungus and protect it from pathogens. • It may have started when ants began eating the fungi growing on refuse in their nests. Ants that provided better growing conditions had more fungus t ...
... ants and the fungus they cultivate, both species gain nutrition from the interaction. • Ants also disperse the fungus and protect it from pathogens. • It may have started when ants began eating the fungi growing on refuse in their nests. Ants that provided better growing conditions had more fungus t ...
Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the
... Huston (1979) models predict upper limits to richness, but for somewhat different reasons than MacArthur (1972), Tilman (1986), and Chesson-Huntly (1989). In the Shorrocks-Rosewell model, the limit is set by the degree of spatial aggregation as well as competition coefficients of the constituent spe ...
... Huston (1979) models predict upper limits to richness, but for somewhat different reasons than MacArthur (1972), Tilman (1986), and Chesson-Huntly (1989). In the Shorrocks-Rosewell model, the limit is set by the degree of spatial aggregation as well as competition coefficients of the constituent spe ...
Ecological Succession
... Definition of Succession • Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area • The gradual replacement of one plant/animal community by another through natural processes over time • Can be primary or secondary ...
... Definition of Succession • Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area • The gradual replacement of one plant/animal community by another through natural processes over time • Can be primary or secondary ...
Ecological Succession
... Definition of Succession • Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area • The gradual replacement of one plant/animal community by another through natural processes over time • Can be primary or secondary ...
... Definition of Succession • Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area • The gradual replacement of one plant/animal community by another through natural processes over time • Can be primary or secondary ...
Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem
... Rey Benayas, J.M., Newton, A.C., Diaz, A. & Bullock, J.M. (2009) Enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem services by ecological restoration: a meta-analysis. Science, 325, 1121-1124. ...
... Rey Benayas, J.M., Newton, A.C., Diaz, A. & Bullock, J.M. (2009) Enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem services by ecological restoration: a meta-analysis. Science, 325, 1121-1124. ...
Local Frequency Denpendence and Global
... other mututalistic interactions, may lead to positive frequency dependence. For example, pollinators may prefer to specialize on the most common floral type and therefore be more likely to carry the common pollen on any given visit to a plant. This gives the common floral type an advantage. Finally, ...
... other mututalistic interactions, may lead to positive frequency dependence. For example, pollinators may prefer to specialize on the most common floral type and therefore be more likely to carry the common pollen on any given visit to a plant. This gives the common floral type an advantage. Finally, ...
Ecological Restoration
... United States, Smokey Bear is a well-known symbol employed for many decades by the U.S. Forest Service to warn visitors to national forests to be careful with fire and avoid setting wildfires. The message is that wildfires are always harmful to wildlife and ecosystems. All of this suggests a belief ...
... United States, Smokey Bear is a well-known symbol employed for many decades by the U.S. Forest Service to warn visitors to national forests to be careful with fire and avoid setting wildfires. The message is that wildfires are always harmful to wildlife and ecosystems. All of this suggests a belief ...
Community monopolization: local adaptation enhances priority
... less when introduced later than the first species (cf. figure 2b,d) because natural selection and genetic drift erode standing genetic variation in the source population before its individuals can colonize the new habitat. When both species can evolve, the species that arrives first dominates the co ...
... less when introduced later than the first species (cf. figure 2b,d) because natural selection and genetic drift erode standing genetic variation in the source population before its individuals can colonize the new habitat. When both species can evolve, the species that arrives first dominates the co ...
UNIT 9 I. Population Structure and Dynamics Module 36.2 Density
... resist change, and the return of the original species’ composition and structure. 4. The fourth property of communities is their trophic structure, the nutritional relationships among all the components (Modules 37.9–37.11). B. There are four interspecific interactions that tie populations together ...
... resist change, and the return of the original species’ composition and structure. 4. The fourth property of communities is their trophic structure, the nutritional relationships among all the components (Modules 37.9–37.11). B. There are four interspecific interactions that tie populations together ...
The effect of historical legacy on adaptation: do closely related
... (1986) found similar responses to selection for ethanol tolerance in replicate experimental ...
... (1986) found similar responses to selection for ethanol tolerance in replicate experimental ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.