![The origin of troglobites](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002584997_1-aca8978b33e8d6237d5ca69bc5992d7c-300x300.png)
The origin of troglobites
... are occupied by only a very few chemo-autotrophic bacteria which contribute little to the energetics of the community. The main energy source of the cave community is the detritus of epigean communities which falls into the cave, or is carried there by water, and the faeces of visiting bats. Such fo ...
... are occupied by only a very few chemo-autotrophic bacteria which contribute little to the energetics of the community. The main energy source of the cave community is the detritus of epigean communities which falls into the cave, or is carried there by water, and the faeces of visiting bats. Such fo ...
Astrid Leitner - University of California, Santa Cruz
... species; instead of competing for the same resource the species use different parts of the same resource or niche, thus functionally dividing the resource between them (Schoener 1974) [[nice description]]. This allows for coexistence of previously competing species by reducing the size of their real ...
... species; instead of competing for the same resource the species use different parts of the same resource or niche, thus functionally dividing the resource between them (Schoener 1974) [[nice description]]. This allows for coexistence of previously competing species by reducing the size of their real ...
Local-scale habitat influences morphological diversity of species
... clear-water and black-water rivers, and many show habitat use patterns associated with seasonal waterlevel changes or reproduction (Hoeinghaus et al. 2003). The Cinaruco River in the Venezuelan Llanos contains 19 cichlid species ranging in size from invertivorous dwarf species to large predators. We ...
... clear-water and black-water rivers, and many show habitat use patterns associated with seasonal waterlevel changes or reproduction (Hoeinghaus et al. 2003). The Cinaruco River in the Venezuelan Llanos contains 19 cichlid species ranging in size from invertivorous dwarf species to large predators. We ...
MEEC2017_Abstracts
... organizations have observed the large mats that this species forms in the understories of forests in Maryland and Virginia, it is unclear if this species is a significant threat to eastern deciduous forests. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution, abundance, and pattern of WBG ...
... organizations have observed the large mats that this species forms in the understories of forests in Maryland and Virginia, it is unclear if this species is a significant threat to eastern deciduous forests. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution, abundance, and pattern of WBG ...
Geographic Information Systems in Biogeography and
... particular place and time. Usually there are interactions among the species of a community, and in many regions clusters of distinctive species can be recognized. Species and species clusters are highly variable, with a wide range of patterns evident within and across communities. Ecosystem structur ...
... particular place and time. Usually there are interactions among the species of a community, and in many regions clusters of distinctive species can be recognized. Species and species clusters are highly variable, with a wide range of patterns evident within and across communities. Ecosystem structur ...
Territoriality in the South African Intertidal Limpet Scutellastra
... resources. A result of territorial behaviors, including competitive exclusion and territory maintenance, is that some species significantly affect their environment in terms of localized habitat modification and species composition. These interactions create a system of habitat and species mosaics o ...
... resources. A result of territorial behaviors, including competitive exclusion and territory maintenance, is that some species significantly affect their environment in terms of localized habitat modification and species composition. These interactions create a system of habitat and species mosaics o ...
Competition theory and the structure of ecological
... (S). Most such measures can be said to be biased estimators, because the number of species counted empirically is often less than the number, S, actually present (Pielou, 1977; Lloyd and Ghelardi, 1965; Hopf and Brown, 1986). Sampling of few individuals at a site (small sample size) will tend to und ...
... (S). Most such measures can be said to be biased estimators, because the number of species counted empirically is often less than the number, S, actually present (Pielou, 1977; Lloyd and Ghelardi, 1965; Hopf and Brown, 1986). Sampling of few individuals at a site (small sample size) will tend to und ...
Parasites, ecosystems and sustainability: an ecological and complex
... pathogenicity may ultimately transform a Host–parasite system on a regional or even global scale, with compounding ecosystem consequences. Similarly, relatively gradual events or changes such as climate shifts or human transformations of a river catchment, river basin, on a regional or even global s ...
... pathogenicity may ultimately transform a Host–parasite system on a regional or even global scale, with compounding ecosystem consequences. Similarly, relatively gradual events or changes such as climate shifts or human transformations of a river catchment, river basin, on a regional or even global s ...
Topic 4 and Option D Sample Multiple Choice
... Marsupials are a relatively primitive type of mammal in which the young continue their development after birth, in an abdominal pouch. Marsupials are widespread in Australia. Few marsupials are found anywhere, apart from Australia and few of the more advanced placental mammals are found in Australia ...
... Marsupials are a relatively primitive type of mammal in which the young continue their development after birth, in an abdominal pouch. Marsupials are widespread in Australia. Few marsupials are found anywhere, apart from Australia and few of the more advanced placental mammals are found in Australia ...
Pleistocene Rewilding - UNM Biology
... island ecosystems (Veitch and Clout 2002; Donlan et al. 2003), yet they have largely failed to develop a conceptual basis for restoration that encompasses ecological history (however, see Atkinson 2001). This is at least in part because the ecological consequences of the historical losses are unknow ...
... island ecosystems (Veitch and Clout 2002; Donlan et al. 2003), yet they have largely failed to develop a conceptual basis for restoration that encompasses ecological history (however, see Atkinson 2001). This is at least in part because the ecological consequences of the historical losses are unknow ...
An Experimental Test of Darwin`s Naturalization Hypothesis
... 416 The American Naturalist hypothesis. First, all these studies have assumed high niche similarity between closely related species without directly testing for it. Convergent evolution, if present (e.g., Losos et al. 2003), may result in high similarity between distantly related species that can c ...
... 416 The American Naturalist hypothesis. First, all these studies have assumed high niche similarity between closely related species without directly testing for it. Convergent evolution, if present (e.g., Losos et al. 2003), may result in high similarity between distantly related species that can c ...
Ecology - Defined - Academic Home Page
... • factors that affect population size and density • population - a group of individuals of the same species living a particular area ...
... • factors that affect population size and density • population - a group of individuals of the same species living a particular area ...
Understanding co‐occurrence by modelling species simultaneously
... had negative residual co-occurrence. One explanation is that interbreeding species may not form stable assemblages despite having similar environmental affinities. 4. Environmental and residual correlations estimated from JSDMs can help indicate whether co-occurrence is driven by shared environmental ...
... had negative residual co-occurrence. One explanation is that interbreeding species may not form stable assemblages despite having similar environmental affinities. 4. Environmental and residual correlations estimated from JSDMs can help indicate whether co-occurrence is driven by shared environmental ...
Unit: Ecology Enduring understanding 2.D: Growth and dynamic
... LO 4.20 The student is able to explain how the distribution of ecosystems changes over time by identifying large-scale events that have resulted in these changes in the past. [See SP 6.3] LO 4.21 The student is able to predict consequences of human actions on both local and global ecosystems. [See S ...
... LO 4.20 The student is able to explain how the distribution of ecosystems changes over time by identifying large-scale events that have resulted in these changes in the past. [See SP 6.3] LO 4.21 The student is able to predict consequences of human actions on both local and global ecosystems. [See S ...
Burnets, cyanide-bombs and colonisation, Dr Mika
... During the last Ice Age (110,000-12,000 years ago) temperate species were confined to so-called refugia wherefrom they re-colonized warming northern habitats. In Europe many temperate species have been shown to have inhabited the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas during the Ice Age. Denmark, th ...
... During the last Ice Age (110,000-12,000 years ago) temperate species were confined to so-called refugia wherefrom they re-colonized warming northern habitats. In Europe many temperate species have been shown to have inhabited the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas during the Ice Age. Denmark, th ...
Latitudinally structured variation in the temperature dependence of damselfly growth rates
... exclude the possibility that some of the offspring of the same female represent paternal half-sibs, we will refer to these as fullsib families as damselfly males typically remove all of the sperm from previous matings (Miller & Miller 1981; Waage 1986). The temperatures used were chosen to reflect t ...
... exclude the possibility that some of the offspring of the same female represent paternal half-sibs, we will refer to these as fullsib families as damselfly males typically remove all of the sperm from previous matings (Miller & Miller 1981; Waage 1986). The temperatures used were chosen to reflect t ...
Fragmentation
... 1) Edges do influence temperature, light availability, and moisture, which in turn influence the abundance and distribution of organisms (Harris 1988, Kapos 1989, Chen et al. 1992, Newmark 2001). 2) Edge effects are species-specific: some species benefit from the creation of edges whereas others far ...
... 1) Edges do influence temperature, light availability, and moisture, which in turn influence the abundance and distribution of organisms (Harris 1988, Kapos 1989, Chen et al. 1992, Newmark 2001). 2) Edge effects are species-specific: some species benefit from the creation of edges whereas others far ...
Can more K-selected species be better invaders? A case study of
... organized, with recently arrived species systematically dominant on previous ones. In the same study, natural densities and coinfection rates in field-collected fruits were such that interspecific competition must occur in the field as it did in the laboratory. This system is a good opportunity to t ...
... organized, with recently arrived species systematically dominant on previous ones. In the same study, natural densities and coinfection rates in field-collected fruits were such that interspecific competition must occur in the field as it did in the laboratory. This system is a good opportunity to t ...
The Brigalow Belt Bioregion
... Along the eastern boundary of the Brigalow Belt are scattered patches of semi-evergreen vine thickets with bright green canopy species that are highly visible among the more silvery brigalow communities. These patches are a dry adapted form of rainforest, relics of a much wetter past. What are the i ...
... Along the eastern boundary of the Brigalow Belt are scattered patches of semi-evergreen vine thickets with bright green canopy species that are highly visible among the more silvery brigalow communities. These patches are a dry adapted form of rainforest, relics of a much wetter past. What are the i ...
Species distribution models reveal apparent competitive and
... and to evaluate whether biotic assembly rules determine the structure of natural communities (i.e. if species co-occur less or more frequently than would be expected by chance alone; Weiher and Keddy 1999, Gotelli and McCabe 2002). However, the detection of co-occurrence patterns and the ecological ...
... and to evaluate whether biotic assembly rules determine the structure of natural communities (i.e. if species co-occur less or more frequently than would be expected by chance alone; Weiher and Keddy 1999, Gotelli and McCabe 2002). However, the detection of co-occurrence patterns and the ecological ...
More closely related species are more ecologically similar in an
... similarity and phylogenetic relatedness. Darwin’s (20) naturalization hypothesis predicts that introduced species closely related to the native community are less likely to be successful colonists than are more distantly related introduced species as a result of competitive exclusion between close r ...
... similarity and phylogenetic relatedness. Darwin’s (20) naturalization hypothesis predicts that introduced species closely related to the native community are less likely to be successful colonists than are more distantly related introduced species as a result of competitive exclusion between close r ...
What Is Evolution? - Princeton University Press
... (a clade consists of an ancestral species and all its descendants). Population genetics concerns what happens among individuals within a population, but evolutionary change can occur at all levels. For example, why are there more than 2000 species of rodents but only 3 species of monotremes (the pla ...
... (a clade consists of an ancestral species and all its descendants). Population genetics concerns what happens among individuals within a population, but evolutionary change can occur at all levels. For example, why are there more than 2000 species of rodents but only 3 species of monotremes (the pla ...
Chapter 3 Environment: The Science behind the Stories 4th Edition
... • Species survival depends on having suitable habitat © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Species survival depends on having suitable habitat © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
a review and synthesis1
... of mimicry between two unpalatable species, Fryer (1959) developed a graphical/verbal model to consider the effects of predators on the diversification of sibling species. His arguments were developed in response to proposals by Worthington (1937, 1940, 1954) and Jackson (1961) that radiations of ci ...
... of mimicry between two unpalatable species, Fryer (1959) developed a graphical/verbal model to consider the effects of predators on the diversification of sibling species. His arguments were developed in response to proposals by Worthington (1937, 1940, 1954) and Jackson (1961) that radiations of ci ...
Chapter 25 Communicaton Ecology 25.1 INTERACTIONS AMONG
... A. often occurs as 1 spc. is to attached to the ohter B. Examples of Commensalism (1) Barnacles on whales, Gain: potection from predation, gamete dispersal,
... A. often occurs as 1 spc. is to attached to the ohter B. Examples of Commensalism (1) Barnacles on whales, Gain: potection from predation, gamete dispersal,
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.