![Why plankton communities have no equilibrium: solutions to the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/006920341_1-555d1c6ea0e55b8e125a0da32e309b7a-300x300.png)
Why plankton communities have no equilibrium: solutions to the
... and Reynolds, the seasonal succession of algal species is comparable in many aspects to succession in terrestrial vegetation, although the time scales differ widely (Sommer, 1991; Reynolds, 1993). The typical generation time of algae is about a thousand times shorter than that of terrestrial plants. ...
... and Reynolds, the seasonal succession of algal species is comparable in many aspects to succession in terrestrial vegetation, although the time scales differ widely (Sommer, 1991; Reynolds, 1993). The typical generation time of algae is about a thousand times shorter than that of terrestrial plants. ...
Augusta-Margaret River Landscape – a conservation action plan
... calophylla) dominate the overstorey) make up the bulk of the remnant vegetation within the Augusta-Margaret River area. Significant structural and floristic variation occurs within these systems ranging from tall forest to low woodland occurring on a range of soil types from bare rocky, granite to l ...
... calophylla) dominate the overstorey) make up the bulk of the remnant vegetation within the Augusta-Margaret River area. Significant structural and floristic variation occurs within these systems ranging from tall forest to low woodland occurring on a range of soil types from bare rocky, granite to l ...
Rain forest promotes trophic interactions and diversity of
... 2005). Biodiversity loss within a trophic level is likely to impact species at other levels indirectly via changes in ecosystem services (Raffaelli et al. 2002) and changes in natural habitats such as habitat fragmentation lead not only to a decline in biodiversity (Hanski 1999), but may also change ...
... 2005). Biodiversity loss within a trophic level is likely to impact species at other levels indirectly via changes in ecosystem services (Raffaelli et al. 2002) and changes in natural habitats such as habitat fragmentation lead not only to a decline in biodiversity (Hanski 1999), but may also change ...
Fundamentals of Ecology - University of West Florida
... This ecology course is intended for non-biology majors who have an interest in nature and their interaction with it. Although it is not a requirement of this course that you took biology or chemistry in high school, it will benefit you greatly if you have some experience with both those subjects. Th ...
... This ecology course is intended for non-biology majors who have an interest in nature and their interaction with it. Although it is not a requirement of this course that you took biology or chemistry in high school, it will benefit you greatly if you have some experience with both those subjects. Th ...
by Marianne Dobrovolny Background Information There is constant
... one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped; in parasitism one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Predation is an interaction in which one organism hunts and feeds off of another. The organism doing the hunting is a predator, and the organism being hunted is the prey. Pu ...
... one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped; in parasitism one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Predation is an interaction in which one organism hunts and feeds off of another. The organism doing the hunting is a predator, and the organism being hunted is the prey. Pu ...
Chapter 54
... resources is called the species’ ecological niche • An ecological niche can also be thought of as an organism’s ecological role • Ecologically similar species can coexist in a community if there are one or more significant differences in their niches ...
... resources is called the species’ ecological niche • An ecological niche can also be thought of as an organism’s ecological role • Ecologically similar species can coexist in a community if there are one or more significant differences in their niches ...
Plenary Theme: Novel Approaches to Managing Aquatic
... industrial revolution. Northern regions are experiencing increasing temperatures and atmospheric deposition as well as changes in precipitation. These changes will directly affect inland waters in this area which are sensitive ecosystems. It remains uncertain how anthropogenic activities will change ...
... industrial revolution. Northern regions are experiencing increasing temperatures and atmospheric deposition as well as changes in precipitation. These changes will directly affect inland waters in this area which are sensitive ecosystems. It remains uncertain how anthropogenic activities will change ...
Eco-evolutionary dynamics - Philosophical Transactions of the
... 2007; Clark et al. 2008), thus affecting gene frequencies. If the change in gene frequencies translates into phenotypic trait changes that affect demographic rates (such as reproduction, survival or dispersal), then, ultimately, the genetic change will affect population dynamics (Hanski & Saccheri 2 ...
... 2007; Clark et al. 2008), thus affecting gene frequencies. If the change in gene frequencies translates into phenotypic trait changes that affect demographic rates (such as reproduction, survival or dispersal), then, ultimately, the genetic change will affect population dynamics (Hanski & Saccheri 2 ...
Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic
... the term ‘deterministic process’ to refer to any ecological process that involves non-random, niche-based mechanisms, and we use the term ‘stochastic process’ to refer to any ecological process that gives rise to patterns of species diversity, relative abundance and composition that are indistinguis ...
... the term ‘deterministic process’ to refer to any ecological process that involves non-random, niche-based mechanisms, and we use the term ‘stochastic process’ to refer to any ecological process that gives rise to patterns of species diversity, relative abundance and composition that are indistinguis ...
Biotic modifiers, environmental modulation and species
... All species modify the environment, but we are interested in those species (here called biotic modifiers) that have a sufficiently large impact on the environment to influence the local persistence of other species. Describing or quantifying the impact of each biotic modifier is daunting, as the num ...
... All species modify the environment, but we are interested in those species (here called biotic modifiers) that have a sufficiently large impact on the environment to influence the local persistence of other species. Describing or quantifying the impact of each biotic modifier is daunting, as the num ...
Structure and Stability of Ecological Networks resource use
... communities in variable environments, I use numerical methods evaluating for example community persistence (the proportion of species surviving over time; Paper I, II and IV). I also develop a new method for quantifying the dynamical dimensionality of an ecological community based on eigenvalue anal ...
... communities in variable environments, I use numerical methods evaluating for example community persistence (the proportion of species surviving over time; Paper I, II and IV). I also develop a new method for quantifying the dynamical dimensionality of an ecological community based on eigenvalue anal ...
INTERACTIONS OF ACACIA TORTILIS (FORSK.) SUBPSP
... Savannas are generally defined as a grassland ecosystem with trees sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close with an unbroken herbaceous layer (Werner et al., 1991). Acacia tortilis tree is one of the most xerophytic Acacias of the African savannas, well represented in th ...
... Savannas are generally defined as a grassland ecosystem with trees sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close with an unbroken herbaceous layer (Werner et al., 1991). Acacia tortilis tree is one of the most xerophytic Acacias of the African savannas, well represented in th ...
Ecosystem-level consequences of invasions by native species as a
... Co-varying environmental factors as a limit of the approach? Based on some previous studies (Gurevitch and Padilla 2004; MacDougall and Turkington 2005), it may be reasonably argued that the opportunity afforded by native invaders is invalid because of direct confounding effects on ecosystem functio ...
... Co-varying environmental factors as a limit of the approach? Based on some previous studies (Gurevitch and Padilla 2004; MacDougall and Turkington 2005), it may be reasonably argued that the opportunity afforded by native invaders is invalid because of direct confounding effects on ecosystem functio ...
Species
... – Interactions with other individuals • Specialists = species with narrow niches and very specific requirements – Extremely good at what they do, but vulnerable to change • Generalists = species with broad niches that can use a wide array of habitats and resources – Able to live in many different pl ...
... – Interactions with other individuals • Specialists = species with narrow niches and very specific requirements – Extremely good at what they do, but vulnerable to change • Generalists = species with broad niches that can use a wide array of habitats and resources – Able to live in many different pl ...
Adaptation and Evolution - Mr. Lesiuk
... identify the roles of DNA in evolution explain the role of sexual reproduction in variation and evolution describe the process of natural selection suggest conditions under which the allelic frequencies of a population could change, including genetic drift, differential migration, mu ...
... identify the roles of DNA in evolution explain the role of sexual reproduction in variation and evolution describe the process of natural selection suggest conditions under which the allelic frequencies of a population could change, including genetic drift, differential migration, mu ...
succession - Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
... Plant species vary dramatically in their dispersal ability and in their ability to survive a given disturbance. Many species may be present immediately following a disturbance, persisting as vegetative fragments or as seeds dormant in the soil. These species often dominate the earliest successional ...
... Plant species vary dramatically in their dispersal ability and in their ability to survive a given disturbance. Many species may be present immediately following a disturbance, persisting as vegetative fragments or as seeds dormant in the soil. These species often dominate the earliest successional ...
The fusion of behavioral ecology and ecology
... Grether et al. 2009; Stang and McRae 2009; Tobias and Seddon 2009). Until someone discovers a fossil record for behavior, we can in practice investigate only what are the ecological consequences of a trait now—that is, the evolutionary ecology of behavior. The perspective of evolutionary ecology sta ...
... Grether et al. 2009; Stang and McRae 2009; Tobias and Seddon 2009). Until someone discovers a fossil record for behavior, we can in practice investigate only what are the ecological consequences of a trait now—that is, the evolutionary ecology of behavior. The perspective of evolutionary ecology sta ...
A Field Experiment Demonstrating Plant Life
... monitored the consequences for community dynamics. In addition to shedding light on feedbacks between evolutionary dynamics and ecological processes, field experiments quantifying rapid evolution can be used to address several other important issues. First, to what extent do replicate populations ex ...
... monitored the consequences for community dynamics. In addition to shedding light on feedbacks between evolutionary dynamics and ecological processes, field experiments quantifying rapid evolution can be used to address several other important issues. First, to what extent do replicate populations ex ...
Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development
... acted upon by selection. The significance of genetic variation is thus clear: it enables both natural evolutionary change and artificial selective breeding to occur. Each of the estimated 109 different genes distributed across the world's biota does not make an identical contribution to overall gene ...
... acted upon by selection. The significance of genetic variation is thus clear: it enables both natural evolutionary change and artificial selective breeding to occur. Each of the estimated 109 different genes distributed across the world's biota does not make an identical contribution to overall gene ...
Resource-driven terrestrial interaction webs
... mesic woodland. In the northeast, three host insects are available which feed on 21 plant species in 12 families, again all in mesic woodland. In the southwest, three host herbivore species are also available but are spread over 44 plant species in 17 families and in three habitats: chaparral, mesic ...
... mesic woodland. In the northeast, three host insects are available which feed on 21 plant species in 12 families, again all in mesic woodland. In the southwest, three host herbivore species are also available but are spread over 44 plant species in 17 families and in three habitats: chaparral, mesic ...
Distribution of Caves
... Educators and students: you are welcome to use the images in this presentation in schools or other educational venues. The photos are the ownership of many individuals and should not be used outside of this presentation without request written permission. For such use, contact me at [email protected] ...
... Educators and students: you are welcome to use the images in this presentation in schools or other educational venues. The photos are the ownership of many individuals and should not be used outside of this presentation without request written permission. For such use, contact me at [email protected] ...
Fundamentals of Ecology - University of West Florida
... This ecology course is intended for non-biology majors who have an interest in nature and their interaction with it. Although it is not a requirement of this course that you took biology or chemistry in high school, it will benefit you greatly if you have some experience with both those subjects. Th ...
... This ecology course is intended for non-biology majors who have an interest in nature and their interaction with it. Although it is not a requirement of this course that you took biology or chemistry in high school, it will benefit you greatly if you have some experience with both those subjects. Th ...
Ecological niche - Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland
... meanings are implicitly or explicitly mixed. The reason is that ecology is about interactions between organisms, and if persistence of a species is determined by the presence of other species (food sources, competitors, predators, etc.), all species are naturally both affected by environment, and at ...
... meanings are implicitly or explicitly mixed. The reason is that ecology is about interactions between organisms, and if persistence of a species is determined by the presence of other species (food sources, competitors, predators, etc.), all species are naturally both affected by environment, and at ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.