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Plant Classification for Ecological Purposes: is
... in land plants has gathered momentum in recent years. ...
... in land plants has gathered momentum in recent years. ...
Comparative Analysis of Diversity and Similarity Indices with Special
... similarity indices, using various formulae. It has been shown that all indices are strongly affected by sample size and diversity. In some indices, this influence is greater than the others and an attempt has been made to deal with these influences. Keywords—Biogeographical factors, Diversity Indice ...
... similarity indices, using various formulae. It has been shown that all indices are strongly affected by sample size and diversity. In some indices, this influence is greater than the others and an attempt has been made to deal with these influences. Keywords—Biogeographical factors, Diversity Indice ...
Proposal form to prescribe certain organisms as not new organisms
... Macrotrachelia sp. shows potential as a biological control agent. Prescribing this organism as “not new” would enable this potential to be fully realized. Several European anthocorids have economic significance as natural enemies of crop pests (e.g. thrips, whitefly). For example, species in the clo ...
... Macrotrachelia sp. shows potential as a biological control agent. Prescribing this organism as “not new” would enable this potential to be fully realized. Several European anthocorids have economic significance as natural enemies of crop pests (e.g. thrips, whitefly). For example, species in the clo ...
Biodiversity_ Species Interactions_ and Population Control
... Interactions between Predator and Prey • Intense natural selection pressures between predator and prey populations • Coevolution – Interact over a long period of time – Changes in the gene pool of one species can cause changes in the gene pool of the other ...
... Interactions between Predator and Prey • Intense natural selection pressures between predator and prey populations • Coevolution – Interact over a long period of time – Changes in the gene pool of one species can cause changes in the gene pool of the other ...
Phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence for the role of food and
... across seasonal variation in temperature and resource availability. We then test two contrasting hypotheses about community assembly in these species by comparing observed community structure (average phylogenetic and trait distances between co-occurring species) to that expected under random assemb ...
... across seasonal variation in temperature and resource availability. We then test two contrasting hypotheses about community assembly in these species by comparing observed community structure (average phylogenetic and trait distances between co-occurring species) to that expected under random assemb ...
Types of Mutualisms
... “Our results indicate that the large herbivores typical of African savannas have driven the evolution and maintenance of a widespread ant-Acacia mutualism and that their experimentally simulated extinction rapidly tips the scales away from mutualism and toward a suite of antagonistic behaviors by t ...
... “Our results indicate that the large herbivores typical of African savannas have driven the evolution and maintenance of a widespread ant-Acacia mutualism and that their experimentally simulated extinction rapidly tips the scales away from mutualism and toward a suite of antagonistic behaviors by t ...
Conservation Strategies, Species Action Plans, and
... Habitat loss: Engineering works can also completely destroy the habitat of freshwater species by dredging or siltation of rivers or lake beds. Rivers are repositories of enormous amounts of human waste, including toxic industrial chemicals, acid rain, agricultural slurries and herbicides, and domest ...
... Habitat loss: Engineering works can also completely destroy the habitat of freshwater species by dredging or siltation of rivers or lake beds. Rivers are repositories of enormous amounts of human waste, including toxic industrial chemicals, acid rain, agricultural slurries and herbicides, and domest ...
Species–area curves and the geometry of nature
... Indeed, modern gradient analysis can be viewed as an act of dimension reduction (Gauch, 1982; Lepš & Šmilauer, 2003). Although the potential number of gradients is practically limitless, there tend to be relatively few important factors determining species composition (Gauch, 1982; Whittaker, 1975 ...
... Indeed, modern gradient analysis can be viewed as an act of dimension reduction (Gauch, 1982; Lepš & Šmilauer, 2003). Although the potential number of gradients is practically limitless, there tend to be relatively few important factors determining species composition (Gauch, 1982; Whittaker, 1975 ...
What Are Communities?
... bird community was adequately represented well before half the individuals were sampled. But for tropical soil bacteria, more effort was needed to sample this extremely diverse community. ...
... bird community was adequately represented well before half the individuals were sampled. But for tropical soil bacteria, more effort was needed to sample this extremely diverse community. ...
Evolution of Stable Ecosystems in Populations of
... These three genotypes were then stably maintained up to the end of the experiment at 500,000 updates (Figure 4a). In all cases, only one member of each resource utilization type was maintained. Genotypes 1 and 5 from groups 1 and 3, respectively, were maintained in all of the runs. From group 2, gen ...
... These three genotypes were then stably maintained up to the end of the experiment at 500,000 updates (Figure 4a). In all cases, only one member of each resource utilization type was maintained. Genotypes 1 and 5 from groups 1 and 3, respectively, were maintained in all of the runs. From group 2, gen ...
The Diversity and Impacts of Alien Species
... broad host range was considered advantageous for species introduced during early biological control programmes on the archipelago. Their legacy has been strong implication in the reduction and extinctions of many native endemic hosts. Thus, M. laphygmae has been reported from hosts in six families o ...
... broad host range was considered advantageous for species introduced during early biological control programmes on the archipelago. Their legacy has been strong implication in the reduction and extinctions of many native endemic hosts. Thus, M. laphygmae has been reported from hosts in six families o ...
Issues for prioritisation
... Also consider benefits of listing that reinforce protection in the national context. For example: does the EC take a landscape/seascape approach, or contribute to a comprehensive, adequate and representative national list of ECs (e.g. range of bioregions or types currently on national lists) or is i ...
... Also consider benefits of listing that reinforce protection in the national context. For example: does the EC take a landscape/seascape approach, or contribute to a comprehensive, adequate and representative national list of ECs (e.g. range of bioregions or types currently on national lists) or is i ...
Ecological Opportunity and Adaptive Radiation
... reproductively distinct species in a clade Key innovation: the evolution of a trait that allows a species to interact with the environment in a novel way ...
... reproductively distinct species in a clade Key innovation: the evolution of a trait that allows a species to interact with the environment in a novel way ...
Framework for Prioritisation of Ecological Community (EC
... Also consider benefits of listing that reinforce protection in the national context. For example: does the EC take a landscape/seascape approach, or contribute to a comprehensive, adequate and representative national list of ECs (e.g. range of bioregions or types currently on national lists) or is i ...
... Also consider benefits of listing that reinforce protection in the national context. For example: does the EC take a landscape/seascape approach, or contribute to a comprehensive, adequate and representative national list of ECs (e.g. range of bioregions or types currently on national lists) or is i ...
The world's richest tadpole communities show functional redundancy and low functional
... is evidence that e.g. by moving sediment and feeding on primary algae producers, tadpoles can alter algae abundance, composition, and chlorophyll a level and therefore net primary production in stream ecosystems [31]. Furthermore, due to their influence on basal resources e.g. removing sediments and ...
... is evidence that e.g. by moving sediment and feeding on primary algae producers, tadpoles can alter algae abundance, composition, and chlorophyll a level and therefore net primary production in stream ecosystems [31]. Furthermore, due to their influence on basal resources e.g. removing sediments and ...
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
... – Rain forests have more biodiversity than other locations in the world, but are threatened by human activities. – Why is this? ...
... – Rain forests have more biodiversity than other locations in the world, but are threatened by human activities. – Why is this? ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... unstudied processes, frequency-dependent selection and effects of predation by a closely related sister species. We quantified premating isolation and examined the sensory cues used to identify conspecifics in 2 sympatric species of pupfish (Cyprinodon) in 3 lakes in The Bahamas. We focused on the b ...
... unstudied processes, frequency-dependent selection and effects of predation by a closely related sister species. We quantified premating isolation and examined the sensory cues used to identify conspecifics in 2 sympatric species of pupfish (Cyprinodon) in 3 lakes in The Bahamas. We focused on the b ...
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOME MODELLING
... tolerably realistic representation of ecological processes can be solved digitally without difficulty, though the full complexity of an entire ecosystem may still be beyond the capacity of the current generation of computers. Even so, the way has been opened to a mathematical representation of ecos ...
... tolerably realistic representation of ecological processes can be solved digitally without difficulty, though the full complexity of an entire ecosystem may still be beyond the capacity of the current generation of computers. Even so, the way has been opened to a mathematical representation of ecos ...
Ch.51 - Narragansett Schools
... Foraging Behaviors Herds, flocks, and schools provide several advantages: Concealment, vigilance, defense, attacking ...
... Foraging Behaviors Herds, flocks, and schools provide several advantages: Concealment, vigilance, defense, attacking ...
Qualitative Insight Into Public Knowledge of, and
... used either Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) or Landsat Thematic Mapperscenes—each allows identification of boundaries between major changes in vegetation. 8 This particular measure of biodiversity is more representative of overall levels of biological diversity than are measures of single speci ...
... used either Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) or Landsat Thematic Mapperscenes—each allows identification of boundaries between major changes in vegetation. 8 This particular measure of biodiversity is more representative of overall levels of biological diversity than are measures of single speci ...
Urban Food Webs: Predators, Prey, and the People Who Feed Them
... foraging efficiency? Or are the altered behaviors sim‑ ply density-dependent consequences of the increased populations produced by human resources subsidies? Parker noted that several aspects of the urban wild‑ life syndrome are correlated with resource availability at both habitat and landscape sc ...
... foraging efficiency? Or are the altered behaviors sim‑ ply density-dependent consequences of the increased populations produced by human resources subsidies? Parker noted that several aspects of the urban wild‑ life syndrome are correlated with resource availability at both habitat and landscape sc ...
A View of Life
... – Succession in a particular area will always lead to the same type of community. Climax Community Each stage facilitates invasion and replacement by organisms of the next stage. ...
... – Succession in a particular area will always lead to the same type of community. Climax Community Each stage facilitates invasion and replacement by organisms of the next stage. ...
by Marianne Dobrovolny Background Information There is constant
... one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped; in parasitism one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Predation is an interaction in which one organism hunts and feeds off of another. The organism doing the hunting is a predator, and the organism being hunted is the prey. Pu ...
... one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped; in parasitism one organism benefits and the other is harmed. Predation is an interaction in which one organism hunts and feeds off of another. The organism doing the hunting is a predator, and the organism being hunted is the prey. Pu ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.