![Plasticity and trait-mediated indirect interactions among plants](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002530167_1-cc8f9d3ac99891e8445f88239744acf8-300x300.png)
Plasticity and trait-mediated indirect interactions among plants
... interactions among species to produce indirect interactions, and thus TMIIs. However, groups of plant species appear to compete in ways that produce indirect interactions, but without the competitive ‘loops’ required for nontransitive theory. In other words, some species appear to ‘modify’ interacti ...
... interactions among species to produce indirect interactions, and thus TMIIs. However, groups of plant species appear to compete in ways that produce indirect interactions, but without the competitive ‘loops’ required for nontransitive theory. In other words, some species appear to ‘modify’ interacti ...
Word File - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
... The property exemplifies a number of ecological processes related to flood inundation, channelization, nutrient cycling and the associated biological processes of breeding, growth, migration, colonization and plant succession. These ecological processes provide a scientific benchmark to compare simi ...
... The property exemplifies a number of ecological processes related to flood inundation, channelization, nutrient cycling and the associated biological processes of breeding, growth, migration, colonization and plant succession. These ecological processes provide a scientific benchmark to compare simi ...
How Useful Are Species Distribution Models for Managing
... propagules. This has been a central concern of many commentators on the likely impacts of climate change on biodiversity (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2008). Some organisms are highly constrained in their ability to move across the landscape. Midgley et al. (2002) described proteaceous plant species in the ...
... propagules. This has been a central concern of many commentators on the likely impacts of climate change on biodiversity (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2008). Some organisms are highly constrained in their ability to move across the landscape. Midgley et al. (2002) described proteaceous plant species in the ...
Lowland subtropical rainforest
... The Australian Government has been investing in the protection of ecological communities such as Lowland Subtropical Rainforest, through its Caring for our Country program. As a result of this funding, between 2012-2013 SEQ Catchments worked with landholders across South East Queensland to restore a ...
... The Australian Government has been investing in the protection of ecological communities such as Lowland Subtropical Rainforest, through its Caring for our Country program. As a result of this funding, between 2012-2013 SEQ Catchments worked with landholders across South East Queensland to restore a ...
Species Interact in Five Major Ways Most Species Compete with
... • Reproductive time lag may lead to overshoot • Population crash Population crash ...
... • Reproductive time lag may lead to overshoot • Population crash Population crash ...
Chapter 5: Ecology and evolution: Populations, communities, and
... members will begin interbreeding and reestablish gene flow, mixing those mutations that each species accrued while it was isolated. If the populations have diverged sufficiently, however, they will not interbreed, and two species will have been formed, fated to continue on their own evolutionary pat ...
... members will begin interbreeding and reestablish gene flow, mixing those mutations that each species accrued while it was isolated. If the populations have diverged sufficiently, however, they will not interbreed, and two species will have been formed, fated to continue on their own evolutionary pat ...
spider competition in structurally simple
... were higher, and their webs were higher in the vegetation in the Metepeira removal plots. Spiller’s findings are significant because they represent clear evidence of how interspecific competition can influence both space use and fitness in spiders. However, it is also revealing that these results co ...
... were higher, and their webs were higher in the vegetation in the Metepeira removal plots. Spiller’s findings are significant because they represent clear evidence of how interspecific competition can influence both space use and fitness in spiders. However, it is also revealing that these results co ...
Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions
... The niche is more complex than the idea of a critical factor (fig. 4.5). A graph of a species niche would be multidimensional, with many factors being simultaneously displayed, almost like an electron cloud. For a generalist, like the brown rat, the ecological niche is broad. In other words, a gener ...
... The niche is more complex than the idea of a critical factor (fig. 4.5). A graph of a species niche would be multidimensional, with many factors being simultaneously displayed, almost like an electron cloud. For a generalist, like the brown rat, the ecological niche is broad. In other words, a gener ...
1.5 a study of an ecosystem
... – The area of quadrat covered by each species (five flora) of interest is estimated as a percentage of the total quadrat area – not very accurate – Using a graduated quadrat the total number of squares (25) is divided by the number of squares (top and right sides only) touched by the flora of intere ...
... – The area of quadrat covered by each species (five flora) of interest is estimated as a percentage of the total quadrat area – not very accurate – Using a graduated quadrat the total number of squares (25) is divided by the number of squares (top and right sides only) touched by the flora of intere ...
chapter03_section01_edit
... Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings. ...
... Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings. ...
The effect of land-use gradients on composition
... Scavenger communities play vital roles in nutrient cycling and redistribution as well as disease dynamics via the removal of carrion from the environment, providing a crucial ecosystem service and are therefore ecologically integral for healthy ecosystem functioning. The disruption of intact scaveng ...
... Scavenger communities play vital roles in nutrient cycling and redistribution as well as disease dynamics via the removal of carrion from the environment, providing a crucial ecosystem service and are therefore ecologically integral for healthy ecosystem functioning. The disruption of intact scaveng ...
How do native species respond to invaders? Mechanistic and trait
... phenotype further from the optimum (Ghalambor et al. 2007b). Ultimately, such ecological traps may lead to extinction (Schlaepfer et al. 2005). However, evidence shows that species may not always be doomed to extinction by such evolutionary traps. For example, soapberry bugs have evolved to exploit ...
... phenotype further from the optimum (Ghalambor et al. 2007b). Ultimately, such ecological traps may lead to extinction (Schlaepfer et al. 2005). However, evidence shows that species may not always be doomed to extinction by such evolutionary traps. For example, soapberry bugs have evolved to exploit ...
Effects of altered resource consumption rates by one consumer
... and again, responses match intuition from phenomenological models. Previous work has shown that overexploitation of resources can lead to counterintuitive relationships between the amount of overlap in resource use and the strength of competition between competing consumer species (Abrams 1998). Ove ...
... and again, responses match intuition from phenomenological models. Previous work has shown that overexploitation of resources can lead to counterintuitive relationships between the amount of overlap in resource use and the strength of competition between competing consumer species (Abrams 1998). Ove ...
chapter 6 section 3 notes
... When natural habitats are eliminated for agriculture or for urban development, the number of species in those habitats drops, and some species may become extinct. Development often splits ecosystems into pieces, a process called habitat fragmentation, leaving habitat “islands.” A biological island c ...
... When natural habitats are eliminated for agriculture or for urban development, the number of species in those habitats drops, and some species may become extinct. Development often splits ecosystems into pieces, a process called habitat fragmentation, leaving habitat “islands.” A biological island c ...
Ecology - Elaine Galvin
... 143. Name a factor, other than competition, that controls wild populations. 144. What deduction is it possible to make from each of the following observations? (i) In a particular area the population of a predator did not decline following a big reduction in the population of its main prey. (i ...
... 143. Name a factor, other than competition, that controls wild populations. 144. What deduction is it possible to make from each of the following observations? (i) In a particular area the population of a predator did not decline following a big reduction in the population of its main prey. (i ...
The Balance of Nature: What Is It and Why Care?
... atively constant competitive communities. Variation at the plant population level, for example, can sum to give a relatively constant plant community as long as not all species increase or decrease together. These researchers, in a sense, changed the stability question by embracing population level ...
... atively constant competitive communities. Variation at the plant population level, for example, can sum to give a relatively constant plant community as long as not all species increase or decrease together. These researchers, in a sense, changed the stability question by embracing population level ...
Ecological Niches and Diversity Maintenance
... Why do some places have much higher diversity than others? Explaining patterns of species diversity on the earth is a problem of long-standing for ecologists. Numerous diversity patterns have been documented [1], but the mechanisms behind these patterns remain poorly understood. If we knew the mecha ...
... Why do some places have much higher diversity than others? Explaining patterns of species diversity on the earth is a problem of long-standing for ecologists. Numerous diversity patterns have been documented [1], but the mechanisms behind these patterns remain poorly understood. If we knew the mecha ...
B 1 - 國立交通大學
... The “mystery of mysteries” that captivated Darwin is speciation, the process by which one species splits into two or more species Speciation fascinated Darwin (and many biologists since) because it is responsible for the tremendous diversity of life, repeatedly yielding new species that differ fr ...
... The “mystery of mysteries” that captivated Darwin is speciation, the process by which one species splits into two or more species Speciation fascinated Darwin (and many biologists since) because it is responsible for the tremendous diversity of life, repeatedly yielding new species that differ fr ...
Including species interactions in risk assessments for global change
... is a need for more systematic recording of seasonal presence and absence. If the seasonal mobility of the species is known, it is feasible with existing approaches to simulate its seasonal variation in geographical distribution. Currently, CLIMEXt simulates the extent of the annual extremes of condi ...
... is a need for more systematic recording of seasonal presence and absence. If the seasonal mobility of the species is known, it is feasible with existing approaches to simulate its seasonal variation in geographical distribution. Currently, CLIMEXt simulates the extent of the annual extremes of condi ...
Ecosystems and the Biosphere as Complex Adaptive Systems
... from partsthat have evolved over longer time scales and broader spatial scales. In turn, the collective experiences of species across a range of ecosystems over evolutionarytime shapesthe collectionof parts from which community assembly can occur. The biosphere is thus itself a complex adaptive syst ...
... from partsthat have evolved over longer time scales and broader spatial scales. In turn, the collective experiences of species across a range of ecosystems over evolutionarytime shapesthe collectionof parts from which community assembly can occur. The biosphere is thus itself a complex adaptive syst ...
age of the mammoth - Lorain County Metro Parks
... Grade Seven: Evolutionary Theory 8. Investigate the great diversity among organisms. Benchmark C: Explain how energy entering the ecosystems as sunlight supports the life of organisms through photosynthesis and the transfer of energy through the interactions of organisms and the environment. Grade S ...
... Grade Seven: Evolutionary Theory 8. Investigate the great diversity among organisms. Benchmark C: Explain how energy entering the ecosystems as sunlight supports the life of organisms through photosynthesis and the transfer of energy through the interactions of organisms and the environment. Grade S ...
trade-off between competitive ability
... 1988, Wellborn et al. 1996). Traits that allow a species to be successful in some habitats can prevent the species from occurring in ecologically dissimilar habitats, leading to the development of alternative community types across environmental gradients (Wellborn et al. 1996, Leibold et al. 1997). ...
... 1988, Wellborn et al. 1996). Traits that allow a species to be successful in some habitats can prevent the species from occurring in ecologically dissimilar habitats, leading to the development of alternative community types across environmental gradients (Wellborn et al. 1996, Leibold et al. 1997). ...
Biotic Interactions in the Tropics - Assets
... It is well known that tropical forests and savannas house a significant proportion of global biodiversity. However, an appreciation of the diversity of interactions among organisms in tropical ecosystems is only just emerging. Interactions among species are important because they affect the growth, s ...
... It is well known that tropical forests and savannas house a significant proportion of global biodiversity. However, an appreciation of the diversity of interactions among organisms in tropical ecosystems is only just emerging. Interactions among species are important because they affect the growth, s ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.