![Revisiting Carrying Capacity: Area-Based Indicators of Sustainability](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/014470854_1-11151d10e3b8f5e46a642304306f2d10-300x300.png)
Revisiting Carrying Capacity: Area-Based Indicators of Sustainability
... In this light, economists' lack of concern about carrying capacity would seem to derive, in large part, from conceptual weaknesses in their analytic models. The necessary conditions for ecological sustainability can better be defined through the analysis of physical stocks and flows interpreted in l ...
... In this light, economists' lack of concern about carrying capacity would seem to derive, in large part, from conceptual weaknesses in their analytic models. The necessary conditions for ecological sustainability can better be defined through the analysis of physical stocks and flows interpreted in l ...
Thermodynamic stability of ecosystems ARTICLE IN PRESS K. Michaelian
... A shift in ecosystem analysis from a descriptive paradigm to one based on physical laws began with the seminal work of Lotka (1922) concerning the flow of energy through an ecosystem. The possibility of framing ecology within a quantitative non-equilibrium thermodynamic paradigm, however, was first re ...
... A shift in ecosystem analysis from a descriptive paradigm to one based on physical laws began with the seminal work of Lotka (1922) concerning the flow of energy through an ecosystem. The possibility of framing ecology within a quantitative non-equilibrium thermodynamic paradigm, however, was first re ...
invasive non-native species
... grey squirrel populations for economic and ecological reasons.9 A nationwide eradication programme was attempted in the 1950s, but their numbers and distribution now make this impractical.10 At present, live trapping is the most effective method of control over large areas but it is expensive. The d ...
... grey squirrel populations for economic and ecological reasons.9 A nationwide eradication programme was attempted in the 1950s, but their numbers and distribution now make this impractical.10 At present, live trapping is the most effective method of control over large areas but it is expensive. The d ...
Reprint
... needed which incorporates the simultaneous evolution of interacting species. Here a formal framework for this purpose is suggested, extending from the microscopic interactions between individuals — the immediate cause of natural selection, through the mesoscopic population dynamics responsible for d ...
... needed which incorporates the simultaneous evolution of interacting species. Here a formal framework for this purpose is suggested, extending from the microscopic interactions between individuals — the immediate cause of natural selection, through the mesoscopic population dynamics responsible for d ...
Floristic and diversity trend of regeneration in a quartz dominated
... orderly changes in the composition and structure of an ecological community. Succession may be initiated either by some formation of new, unoccupied habitat or by some form of disturbance of an existing community ...
... orderly changes in the composition and structure of an ecological community. Succession may be initiated either by some formation of new, unoccupied habitat or by some form of disturbance of an existing community ...
conceptual synthesis in community ecology
... processes into the four categories of selection, drift, speciation, and dispersal, flows directly out of a sequence of conceptual developments in community ecology over the last half century. In the 1950s and 60s, G. Evelyn Hutchinson and Robert MacArthur ushered in an era of community ecology in wh ...
... processes into the four categories of selection, drift, speciation, and dispersal, flows directly out of a sequence of conceptual developments in community ecology over the last half century. In the 1950s and 60s, G. Evelyn Hutchinson and Robert MacArthur ushered in an era of community ecology in wh ...
Seedling resistance to herbivory as a predictor of relative
... daily basis and the use of controls which were not subjected to herbivory. In contrast to a tissue test this approach enabled recognition of species in which recovery from damage occurs, either by mobilisation of seed reserves or development of adult defensive traits. The most important feature of ...
... daily basis and the use of controls which were not subjected to herbivory. In contrast to a tissue test this approach enabled recognition of species in which recovery from damage occurs, either by mobilisation of seed reserves or development of adult defensive traits. The most important feature of ...
Global Climate Change and Wildlife
... the cause of the extinction of two populations of checkerspot butterflies in California.15 Changing levels of precipitation were found to alter the relationship between butterfly larvae and host plants. In very wet or dry years, larvae do not get the opportunity to feed on host plants before the pla ...
... the cause of the extinction of two populations of checkerspot butterflies in California.15 Changing levels of precipitation were found to alter the relationship between butterfly larvae and host plants. In very wet or dry years, larvae do not get the opportunity to feed on host plants before the pla ...
Comparative evolution of flower and fruit morphology
... sorting. Thus, we expect fruit traits in animal-dispersed plant species to exhibit low levels of diversification relative to flowers. Consistent with this expectation, a large percentage of animal-dispersed plant species have either red or black fruits (62– 66%, Wheelwright & Janson 1985) despite a ...
... sorting. Thus, we expect fruit traits in animal-dispersed plant species to exhibit low levels of diversification relative to flowers. Consistent with this expectation, a large percentage of animal-dispersed plant species have either red or black fruits (62– 66%, Wheelwright & Janson 1985) despite a ...
Global Climate Change and Wildlife
... by a species to climate changes, but have negative consequences if these shifts do not correspond to other ecosystem properties or other necessary conditions needed for that species’ survival. For example, if the natural response to climate change for a species would be to expand northward, the cons ...
... by a species to climate changes, but have negative consequences if these shifts do not correspond to other ecosystem properties or other necessary conditions needed for that species’ survival. For example, if the natural response to climate change for a species would be to expand northward, the cons ...
Comparative evolution of flower and fruit morphology
... sorting. Thus, we expect fruit traits in animal-dispersed plant species to exhibit low levels of diversification relative to flowers. Consistent with this expectation, a large percentage of animal-dispersed plant species have either red or black fruits (62– 66%, Wheelwright & Janson 1985) despite a ...
... sorting. Thus, we expect fruit traits in animal-dispersed plant species to exhibit low levels of diversification relative to flowers. Consistent with this expectation, a large percentage of animal-dispersed plant species have either red or black fruits (62– 66%, Wheelwright & Janson 1985) despite a ...
Unit 8 Lesson 1 - Pembroke Pines Charter Schools > Home
... • Abiotic factors such as temperature often determine whether a species can live in a certain place. • Biotic factors, such as other organisms that live in an area, also determine whether a species can live in a certain place. ...
... • Abiotic factors such as temperature often determine whether a species can live in a certain place. • Biotic factors, such as other organisms that live in an area, also determine whether a species can live in a certain place. ...
8TH GRADE INTEGRATED SCIENCE
... . Symbiosis Symbiosis is a close relationships between two organisms from different species that live nearby or on each other. There are three symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism Mutualism Example of Mutualism Mutualism is the relationship between two different organisms ...
... . Symbiosis Symbiosis is a close relationships between two organisms from different species that live nearby or on each other. There are three symbiotic relationships: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism Mutualism Example of Mutualism Mutualism is the relationship between two different organisms ...
Adaptive Radiation - the ant life
... be examined in this context were vertebrates, in particular birds, with perhaps the best-known example being that of the Galápagos finches (figure 3) initially described by John Gould, and used by Charles Darwin as a key demonstration of his theory of evolution by natural selection. Currently, ther ...
... be examined in this context were vertebrates, in particular birds, with perhaps the best-known example being that of the Galápagos finches (figure 3) initially described by John Gould, and used by Charles Darwin as a key demonstration of his theory of evolution by natural selection. Currently, ther ...
Mutualism Change to structure of Exam 3
... • Yuccas and Yucca moths form an obligate mutualism. Each species needs the other • A group of closely related species, the Greya moths, can be either parasitic or mutualistic • Yucca moths may have evolved under conditions of limited co-pollinator availability ...
... • Yuccas and Yucca moths form an obligate mutualism. Each species needs the other • A group of closely related species, the Greya moths, can be either parasitic or mutualistic • Yucca moths may have evolved under conditions of limited co-pollinator availability ...
A model of discrete Kolmogorov-type competitive interaction in a two
... competitive two-species “toy” model of an ecosystem such that both the species occupy the same trophic level. We use numerical experiments with an aim to describe and understand some possible characteristic features of the emergence of dynamical regimes and hence of complexity in the evolving ecosys ...
... competitive two-species “toy” model of an ecosystem such that both the species occupy the same trophic level. We use numerical experiments with an aim to describe and understand some possible characteristic features of the emergence of dynamical regimes and hence of complexity in the evolving ecosys ...
The role of habitat connectivity and landscape geometry in
... periphyton growth, and to recycle nutrients into the water column so that they would be available for plankton (Leibold and Wilbur 1992). In order to test the importance of habitat geometry and connectivity, we manipulated the amount and arrangement of connectivity among mesocosms in the regions (Fi ...
... periphyton growth, and to recycle nutrients into the water column so that they would be available for plankton (Leibold and Wilbur 1992). In order to test the importance of habitat geometry and connectivity, we manipulated the amount and arrangement of connectivity among mesocosms in the regions (Fi ...
Invasive Plants
... Non-native plants, animals, and microorganisms found outside of their natural range can become invasive. While many of these are harmless because they do not reproduce or spread in their new surroundings, other non-native species are considered invasive if they can cause harm to the economy, ecology ...
... Non-native plants, animals, and microorganisms found outside of their natural range can become invasive. While many of these are harmless because they do not reproduce or spread in their new surroundings, other non-native species are considered invasive if they can cause harm to the economy, ecology ...
Ecosystems and Ecosystem Management.
... noted earlier, in the hot springs community, the species of photosynthetic bacteria or algae that is dominant changes with the temperature; one species dominates the hotter springs and hottest regions ...
... noted earlier, in the hot springs community, the species of photosynthetic bacteria or algae that is dominant changes with the temperature; one species dominates the hotter springs and hottest regions ...
Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, and Measurement
... On first consideration, measuring species diversity might seem an easy matter: just count the number of species present in a habitat or study area. In practice, however, complications soon arise. With the exception of very well-known groups in very well-known places (for which we already have good e ...
... On first consideration, measuring species diversity might seem an easy matter: just count the number of species present in a habitat or study area. In practice, however, complications soon arise. With the exception of very well-known groups in very well-known places (for which we already have good e ...
Biological Goals and Objectives
... Biological objectives for the BDCP will be “SMART” – specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound – to the maximum extent possible. This strategy includes specific targets such as larger fish populations, healthier individual fish, and bigger habitat areas. Where a high level of uncerta ...
... Biological objectives for the BDCP will be “SMART” – specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound – to the maximum extent possible. This strategy includes specific targets such as larger fish populations, healthier individual fish, and bigger habitat areas. Where a high level of uncerta ...
Regional adaptation improves the performance of grassland plant
... their environment as demonstrated by reciprocal transplant experiments (Leimu & Fischer 2008). An advantage of local or regional plants and seeds mainly results from adaptation to factors such as climate, soil or land use (Macel et al. 2007; Raabova, Muenzbergova, & Fischer 2007). If plant species w ...
... their environment as demonstrated by reciprocal transplant experiments (Leimu & Fischer 2008). An advantage of local or regional plants and seeds mainly results from adaptation to factors such as climate, soil or land use (Macel et al. 2007; Raabova, Muenzbergova, & Fischer 2007). If plant species w ...
SHALOM: a landscape simulation model for understanding animal
... in the habitat (e.g., for resources that occur equally in a habitat, each has a resource-proportion of 0.5). A patch is the area composed of all adjacent cells sharing a habitat type where the local-scale processes take place. Individuals of a species in one patch (population) interact among thems ...
... in the habitat (e.g., for resources that occur equally in a habitat, each has a resource-proportion of 0.5). A patch is the area composed of all adjacent cells sharing a habitat type where the local-scale processes take place. Individuals of a species in one patch (population) interact among thems ...
Abstracts PDF - California and Nevada Amphibian Populations Task
... Bay Area’s Alameda Creek, a location where annual amphibian breeding censuses have been conducted since 2003. We attribute the die-off to an outbreak of chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), in which recently metamorphosed frogs had the highest Bd loads ...
... Bay Area’s Alameda Creek, a location where annual amphibian breeding censuses have been conducted since 2003. We attribute the die-off to an outbreak of chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), in which recently metamorphosed frogs had the highest Bd loads ...
Appropriate Actions for Woodland Management
... 2a. Most precipitation falls during summer. The oldest trees (possibly >150 years) are older and usually taller than those found in Grasslands – PJ Savanna or Juniper Savanna 2b. Season of greatest precipitation can vary. Old trees are very rare and found on microsites that historically would have a ...
... 2a. Most precipitation falls during summer. The oldest trees (possibly >150 years) are older and usually taller than those found in Grasslands – PJ Savanna or Juniper Savanna 2b. Season of greatest precipitation can vary. Old trees are very rare and found on microsites that historically would have a ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.