community - dsapresents.org
... • Symbiosis is a dependency relationship where two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another. The relationship is generally based one or some combination of the following benefits: • Nutrition (food, water) • Protection • Reproduction Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, In ...
... • Symbiosis is a dependency relationship where two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another. The relationship is generally based one or some combination of the following benefits: • Nutrition (food, water) • Protection • Reproduction Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, In ...
ppt - eweb.furman.edu
... species with similar niche requirements leads to competitive exclusion. Even in insects, that are often thought to be regulated by density independent factors like predation and abiotic conditions, competition can be acute and can eliminate species from habitats (Worthen 1989). ...
... species with similar niche requirements leads to competitive exclusion. Even in insects, that are often thought to be regulated by density independent factors like predation and abiotic conditions, competition can be acute and can eliminate species from habitats (Worthen 1989). ...
The Ecological Role of the Mammalian Mesocarnivore
... arise where predators act synergistically to have a cumulative impact on their prey that is greater than the sum of their individual predatory effects. Or in a divergent pattern, predators may interfere with one another, such as when one predator becomes the prey of another (intraguild predation), r ...
... arise where predators act synergistically to have a cumulative impact on their prey that is greater than the sum of their individual predatory effects. Or in a divergent pattern, predators may interfere with one another, such as when one predator becomes the prey of another (intraguild predation), r ...
Full-Text PDF
... Population dynamics provides an interesting field for the application of a plethora of ideas from statistical mechanics. Here I present applications of statistical mechanics concepts and techniques to three main problems in ecology in which I have been working in collaboration with different groups ...
... Population dynamics provides an interesting field for the application of a plethora of ideas from statistical mechanics. Here I present applications of statistical mechanics concepts and techniques to three main problems in ecology in which I have been working in collaboration with different groups ...
Chapter 18 Success factors in the establishment of human
... were released into the environment but failed to establish. Accordingly, some researchers have turned to proxy data sets of species, on the sometimes unstated assumption that the distribution of traits in the proxy set is the same as the distribution of traits in the set of species released. A frequ ...
... were released into the environment but failed to establish. Accordingly, some researchers have turned to proxy data sets of species, on the sometimes unstated assumption that the distribution of traits in the proxy set is the same as the distribution of traits in the set of species released. A frequ ...
The Ecological Role of the Mammalian Mesocarnivore
... arise where predators act synergistically to have a cumulative impact on their prey that is greater than the sum of their individual predatory effects. Or in a divergent pattern, predators may interfere with one another, such as when one predator becomes the prey of another (intraguild predation), r ...
... arise where predators act synergistically to have a cumulative impact on their prey that is greater than the sum of their individual predatory effects. Or in a divergent pattern, predators may interfere with one another, such as when one predator becomes the prey of another (intraguild predation), r ...
Character Displacement and Fish Behavior, Especially in Coral Reef
... (1971) gives evidence that sympatry in- handicap described by Mayr (1963) as creases the efficacy of the mechanisms of "having to remain coadapted with the gene ethological isolation. Caspari (1958) pro- pool of the species as a whole . . . and yet vides examples of the pleiotropic effects of be ada ...
... (1971) gives evidence that sympatry in- handicap described by Mayr (1963) as creases the efficacy of the mechanisms of "having to remain coadapted with the gene ethological isolation. Caspari (1958) pro- pool of the species as a whole . . . and yet vides examples of the pleiotropic effects of be ada ...
PDF - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... 1990). Imagines of Lepidoptera were simply sorted by 'family habitus', since exact sorting increased the time investment tenfold without increasing the ecological information gained very much. Other arthropod groups were either extensively sorted into recognisable taxonomic units (RTUs: morphospecie ...
... 1990). Imagines of Lepidoptera were simply sorted by 'family habitus', since exact sorting increased the time investment tenfold without increasing the ecological information gained very much. Other arthropod groups were either extensively sorted into recognisable taxonomic units (RTUs: morphospecie ...
Ecological Reference Points for Forage Species
... PREY DEPLETION ASSOCIATED WITH MSY marine ecosystems when they set catch limits, or how MSY should be reduced by ecological factors, or even what those factors are. The predictable result - ecological factors have rarely if ever been taken into account. Under the revised NS1 Guidelines, NMFS now rec ...
... PREY DEPLETION ASSOCIATED WITH MSY marine ecosystems when they set catch limits, or how MSY should be reduced by ecological factors, or even what those factors are. The predictable result - ecological factors have rarely if ever been taken into account. Under the revised NS1 Guidelines, NMFS now rec ...
Towards a trait-based quantification of species
... growth form and shoot height are plant functional response traits related to fire disturbance (Lavorel and Garnier 2002). Comparative approaches have established empirical relationships (i) between functional traits and performance currencies (e.g. Poorter and Bongers 2006; Wright and Westoby 2001; ...
... growth form and shoot height are plant functional response traits related to fire disturbance (Lavorel and Garnier 2002). Comparative approaches have established empirical relationships (i) between functional traits and performance currencies (e.g. Poorter and Bongers 2006; Wright and Westoby 2001; ...
Plant succession: theory and applications
... Some terms commonly used in the description of succession ...
... Some terms commonly used in the description of succession ...
Ecological Effects of Climate Fluctuations
... Fig. 2. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and examples of its ecological effects. Fluctuations in tropical Pacific SST are related to the occurrence of El Niño, during which the equatorial surface waters warm considerably from the international date line to the west coast of South America. ( ...
... Fig. 2. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and examples of its ecological effects. Fluctuations in tropical Pacific SST are related to the occurrence of El Niño, during which the equatorial surface waters warm considerably from the international date line to the west coast of South America. ( ...
Coral interactions and community structure: an analysis of spatial
... test of Sandland and Young (1979a, b) to show statistically significant (p < 0.05) within-site homogeneity. Each list of 300 records gave a list of 299 transitions between adjacent records which we have called neighbour events. Neighbour events could be of 3 types: transitions between adjacent coral ...
... test of Sandland and Young (1979a, b) to show statistically significant (p < 0.05) within-site homogeneity. Each list of 300 records gave a list of 299 transitions between adjacent records which we have called neighbour events. Neighbour events could be of 3 types: transitions between adjacent coral ...
Keystone species and food webs - Philosophical Transactions of the
... terms that makes objective studies more difficult. All of them acknowledge that there is a need for clarifying the most important species in ecosystems. Although, we should also delineate a difference between species that are important for nature (e.g. for maintaining ecosystem functions) and specie ...
... terms that makes objective studies more difficult. All of them acknowledge that there is a need for clarifying the most important species in ecosystems. Although, we should also delineate a difference between species that are important for nature (e.g. for maintaining ecosystem functions) and specie ...
Detecting the influence of climatic variables on species distributions
... (e.g. microhabitat segregation) is lacking, then resources may not be limiting, and species can occur together without niche or character shifts. Coexistence may also be facilitated by other ecological interactions such as predation, whereby a top predator can regulate population size in a way that ...
... (e.g. microhabitat segregation) is lacking, then resources may not be limiting, and species can occur together without niche or character shifts. Coexistence may also be facilitated by other ecological interactions such as predation, whereby a top predator can regulate population size in a way that ...
August 13th is Earth Overshoot Day this year
... The costs of this ecological overspending are becoming more evident by the day, in the form of deforestation, drought, fresh-water scarcity, soil erosion, biodiversity loss and the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The latter will significantly amplify the former, if current climate model ...
... The costs of this ecological overspending are becoming more evident by the day, in the form of deforestation, drought, fresh-water scarcity, soil erosion, biodiversity loss and the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The latter will significantly amplify the former, if current climate model ...
A comparative growth analysis between alien invader and native
... (MK2, Cambridge, United Kingdom). Fresh mass was measured for each organ, and dry mass was measured after drying at 60 °C for 48 h. Relative growth rates expressed on a total dry mass (RGRDM: unit of dry mass increment per day and per unit of total dry mass of plant) and on a leaf area basis (RGRA: ...
... (MK2, Cambridge, United Kingdom). Fresh mass was measured for each organ, and dry mass was measured after drying at 60 °C for 48 h. Relative growth rates expressed on a total dry mass (RGRDM: unit of dry mass increment per day and per unit of total dry mass of plant) and on a leaf area basis (RGRA: ...
PAI EO - Cornell College
... as in another. Species varied in shape, in size, and in surface markings, but these changes were not progressive. The conclusion must be that, so long as the conditions of sedimentation remain as uniform as they were in the section under consideration, the evolution of brachiopods, gastropods, and p ...
... as in another. Species varied in shape, in size, and in surface markings, but these changes were not progressive. The conclusion must be that, so long as the conditions of sedimentation remain as uniform as they were in the section under consideration, the evolution of brachiopods, gastropods, and p ...
Ch11 Lecture 1.competition
... into surrounding soils, which has been shown to reduce germination and growth of native grasses. Cattle do not eat spotted knapweed, giving it an edge over native plants that cattle do eat. ...
... into surrounding soils, which has been shown to reduce germination and growth of native grasses. Cattle do not eat spotted knapweed, giving it an edge over native plants that cattle do eat. ...
Study Guide - Reeths
... A. Name and describe the four main principles of natural selection theory and give examples. Explain how natural selection is nature’s quality control filter and how populations evolve, not individuals. B. Selection pressures are what drive evolution theory. Explain examples of them and how the “rul ...
... A. Name and describe the four main principles of natural selection theory and give examples. Explain how natural selection is nature’s quality control filter and how populations evolve, not individuals. B. Selection pressures are what drive evolution theory. Explain examples of them and how the “rul ...
The Ecology of Place: Contributions of Place-Based
... in nature. Indeed, ecological interactions are not limited to those that are antagonistic; mutualisms also might vary in space or time, leading to different observations of realized niches.3 Still other explanations are possible that may dash our hopes for the Hutchinsonian niche as an ecological in ...
... in nature. Indeed, ecological interactions are not limited to those that are antagonistic; mutualisms also might vary in space or time, leading to different observations of realized niches.3 Still other explanations are possible that may dash our hopes for the Hutchinsonian niche as an ecological in ...
Concepts and approaches for marine ecosystem research with
... “schools of thoughts” have developed, of which some continue to exist in modern times. As a result, students of marine ecology in Germany or Chile may be trained to adopt different ecological views. In the first case, they may be told that “relevant ecology” should focus on studying the dynamics of ...
... “schools of thoughts” have developed, of which some continue to exist in modern times. As a result, students of marine ecology in Germany or Chile may be trained to adopt different ecological views. In the first case, they may be told that “relevant ecology” should focus on studying the dynamics of ...
Evolutionary action of tropical animals on the reproduction of plants
... Knowledge of the syndromes of seed dispersal and types of pollination is essential for the evaluation of the functional significance of structural characters. I attempt here to contribute to the understanding of the ecological morphology of plant reproductive organs. In this field, morphology repres ...
... Knowledge of the syndromes of seed dispersal and types of pollination is essential for the evaluation of the functional significance of structural characters. I attempt here to contribute to the understanding of the ecological morphology of plant reproductive organs. In this field, morphology repres ...
NYNHP Conservation Guide for Imperial Moth
... This species is attracted to artificial lighting. Artificial lighting can: increase predation risk, disrupt behaviors such as feeding, flight, and reproduction, and interfere with dispersal between habitat patches. In addition, many individuals die near the light source. It is not known if the impac ...
... This species is attracted to artificial lighting. Artificial lighting can: increase predation risk, disrupt behaviors such as feeding, flight, and reproduction, and interfere with dispersal between habitat patches. In addition, many individuals die near the light source. It is not known if the impac ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.