Biodiversity, productivity and stability in real food webs
... diversity can increase community stability because a larger species pool provides a greater range of adaptive traits, which can keep performance stable under varying conditions. By contrast, the stability of the environment adjusts local richness within a given species pool. An intriguing question i ...
... diversity can increase community stability because a larger species pool provides a greater range of adaptive traits, which can keep performance stable under varying conditions. By contrast, the stability of the environment adjusts local richness within a given species pool. An intriguing question i ...
The Phylogeny of the Cercomeria (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela
... The unified theory predicts 3 macroevolutionary aspects of genealogical processes. First, the most informative evolutionary summary of data about similarities among organisms will result from the use of analytical methods that maximize the degree of phylogenetic constraints for a given data set. Bro ...
... The unified theory predicts 3 macroevolutionary aspects of genealogical processes. First, the most informative evolutionary summary of data about similarities among organisms will result from the use of analytical methods that maximize the degree of phylogenetic constraints for a given data set. Bro ...
PopBio 2012 Abstracts - Department of Evolutionary Biology and
... depend on the species’ potential responses, which are the outcome of species-‐specific traits. For simplicity, models often use a restricted species’ responses arsenal, in which competitive ability facilitates spec ...
... depend on the species’ potential responses, which are the outcome of species-‐specific traits. For simplicity, models often use a restricted species’ responses arsenal, in which competitive ability facilitates spec ...
Research frontiers in null model analysis
... other words, can the patterns in the real data be reproduced in a simple model that does not incorporate biologically important mechanisms? Or, do the data appear non-random with respect to the null hypothesis? If so, the analysis provides some evidence in support of the mechanism (although it never ...
... other words, can the patterns in the real data be reproduced in a simple model that does not incorporate biologically important mechanisms? Or, do the data appear non-random with respect to the null hypothesis? If so, the analysis provides some evidence in support of the mechanism (although it never ...
Mixed effects of habitat fragmentation on species richness and
... After relaxation, on the other hand, in addition to the number of habitats and the proportion of species in common between the sub-populations, metapopulation processes such as migration rates between patches and environmental and demographic stochasticity will influence the optimal number of patche ...
... After relaxation, on the other hand, in addition to the number of habitats and the proportion of species in common between the sub-populations, metapopulation processes such as migration rates between patches and environmental and demographic stochasticity will influence the optimal number of patche ...
Chapter 11 - Matters of National Environmental Significance
... Land clearing is required in order to facilitate the construction and operation of the project. While the disturbance footprint covers 65ha, a total of 63 ha of vegetation will be cleared, which equates to approximately 30% of the total area of the Study Area. The disturbance footprint for the proje ...
... Land clearing is required in order to facilitate the construction and operation of the project. While the disturbance footprint covers 65ha, a total of 63 ha of vegetation will be cleared, which equates to approximately 30% of the total area of the Study Area. The disturbance footprint for the proje ...
Functional Extinctions of Species in Ecological Networks Torbjörn Säterberg
... develop a time series approach aimed at estimating fishing mortalities associated with a low risk that any species in a community transgresses some predefined critical abundance threshold. In the last paper (Paper IV) the community wide effect of changes in the abundance of species is investigated. ...
... develop a time series approach aimed at estimating fishing mortalities associated with a low risk that any species in a community transgresses some predefined critical abundance threshold. In the last paper (Paper IV) the community wide effect of changes in the abundance of species is investigated. ...
i.e. Mayfield and Levine 2010
... often than more distantly related taxa. More recently, Cahill et al.Õs (2008) meta-analysis of competition experiments revealed little evidence that more closely related plant species compete more strongly than distantly related taxa (but see Maherali & Klironomos 2007; Jiang et al. 2010 for support ...
... often than more distantly related taxa. More recently, Cahill et al.Õs (2008) meta-analysis of competition experiments revealed little evidence that more closely related plant species compete more strongly than distantly related taxa (but see Maherali & Klironomos 2007; Jiang et al. 2010 for support ...
Species loss and secondary extinctions in simple and complex
... absence of prey (bi < 0). The growth rate for the basal species is set to 1. The mortality rates for the consumers are randomly drawn from the uniform distribution (−0·001 0) and are then sorted in such way that the secondary consumers are assigned lower rates than their prey. That is because specie ...
... absence of prey (bi < 0). The growth rate for the basal species is set to 1. The mortality rates for the consumers are randomly drawn from the uniform distribution (−0·001 0) and are then sorted in such way that the secondary consumers are assigned lower rates than their prey. That is because specie ...
Dissecting the evolutionary impacts of plant invasions: bugs and
... Soapberry bugs (Jadera, Leptocoris) have colonized several species of weedy invasive plants (sapindaceous trees and vines) in the United States and Australia. After initial reduction in physiological performance, they evolved behavioral, morphological, physiological and life history adaptations perm ...
... Soapberry bugs (Jadera, Leptocoris) have colonized several species of weedy invasive plants (sapindaceous trees and vines) in the United States and Australia. After initial reduction in physiological performance, they evolved behavioral, morphological, physiological and life history adaptations perm ...
evolution-frequency-dependent-selection
... Determining and understanding the mechanisms by which genetic diversity is generated and maintained is one of the main focuses of evolutionary biology. Frequency-dependent selection occurs where the fitness of a genotype is dependent upon the frequency of the allele or genotype within the population ...
... Determining and understanding the mechanisms by which genetic diversity is generated and maintained is one of the main focuses of evolutionary biology. Frequency-dependent selection occurs where the fitness of a genotype is dependent upon the frequency of the allele or genotype within the population ...
The interplay of pollinator diversity, pollination services
... their contradictory findings on the basis of the great similarity between the studied organic and conventional farms that did not differ in field size, crop diversity and weedy flower density, and with the great habitat heterogeneity in their study region. This study (Winfree et al. 2008) indicates ...
... their contradictory findings on the basis of the great similarity between the studied organic and conventional farms that did not differ in field size, crop diversity and weedy flower density, and with the great habitat heterogeneity in their study region. This study (Winfree et al. 2008) indicates ...
Global patterns of stream detritivore distribution: implications
... species richness from the poles to the tropics. Numerous explanations for this gradient have been proposed (e.g. Willig et al., 2003; Mittelbach et al., 2007), and it has been demonstrated that such explanations need to consider the relationship between local and regional diversity. This relationshi ...
... species richness from the poles to the tropics. Numerous explanations for this gradient have been proposed (e.g. Willig et al., 2003; Mittelbach et al., 2007), and it has been demonstrated that such explanations need to consider the relationship between local and regional diversity. This relationshi ...
Sexual selection or wind dispersal?
... of tall and short flowers). This difference in dispersal distance seems large enough to be biologically meaningful because seeds dispersed from 4 m would commonly escape the proximity of adult plants while seeds dispersed from 2 m would not. Therefore, enhanced seed dispersal is one advantage of incr ...
... of tall and short flowers). This difference in dispersal distance seems large enough to be biologically meaningful because seeds dispersed from 4 m would commonly escape the proximity of adult plants while seeds dispersed from 2 m would not. Therefore, enhanced seed dispersal is one advantage of incr ...
autecology, geographic range, and the Holocene fossil record
... evaluate how contrasting and variable local paleoclimates have shaped small-mammal abundance dynamics over the last 7500 years of climatic change. We then predict how species and communities will respond to future scenarios of increased warming and aridity coupled with continued spread of an invas ...
... evaluate how contrasting and variable local paleoclimates have shaped small-mammal abundance dynamics over the last 7500 years of climatic change. We then predict how species and communities will respond to future scenarios of increased warming and aridity coupled with continued spread of an invas ...
An anatomy of interactions among species in a seasonal world
... (i.e. species 1 biomass plotted against species 2 biomass) graphically and numerically, we found that each of the four interaction types showed characteristic patterns (‘‘fingerprints’’) in phase space. All the four interaction types could be distinguished, even though their time trajectories were s ...
... (i.e. species 1 biomass plotted against species 2 biomass) graphically and numerically, we found that each of the four interaction types showed characteristic patterns (‘‘fingerprints’’) in phase space. All the four interaction types could be distinguished, even though their time trajectories were s ...
ppt
... - but since size is an important correlate to resource use, at some point a species will do better "off the optimum", rather than competing with lots of species on the optimum....this is not as great a size class, so species will move to new size class to avoid competition more rapidly...small size ...
... - but since size is an important correlate to resource use, at some point a species will do better "off the optimum", rather than competing with lots of species on the optimum....this is not as great a size class, so species will move to new size class to avoid competition more rapidly...small size ...
The paradox of enrichment in phytoplankton by induced competitive
... also called mean-field theory9. This lattice model was first studied by Tainaka10,12,13 using a system of three competing species who later concluded that the dynamics is highly dependent on the size of the lattice and pointed out other interesting spatial patterns at a phase transition. In 1992, Ma ...
... also called mean-field theory9. This lattice model was first studied by Tainaka10,12,13 using a system of three competing species who later concluded that the dynamics is highly dependent on the size of the lattice and pointed out other interesting spatial patterns at a phase transition. In 1992, Ma ...
BioDasar2015 week19-ecology and Ecosystem
... Interspecific interactions are fundamental to community structure ! Interspecific competition occurs when populations of two different species compete for the same limited resource. – In mutualism, both populations benefit. – In predation, one species (the predator) kills and eats another (the p ...
... Interspecific interactions are fundamental to community structure ! Interspecific competition occurs when populations of two different species compete for the same limited resource. – In mutualism, both populations benefit. – In predation, one species (the predator) kills and eats another (the p ...
Tuning the ecoscope
... 2004). Emergence has replaced the earlier mostly theoretical approach to implementing classical population dynamics in ecology (Woods in press). The concept of simple cause and effect is neither adequate nor sufficient when dealing with complex systems, particularly if one accepts the principle that ...
... 2004). Emergence has replaced the earlier mostly theoretical approach to implementing classical population dynamics in ecology (Woods in press). The concept of simple cause and effect is neither adequate nor sufficient when dealing with complex systems, particularly if one accepts the principle that ...
Chapter 4 Lecture.notebook
... species, natural disturbances Human impacts cause major community changes • Resistance = community of organisms resists change and remains stable despite the disturbance • Resilience = a community changes in response to a disturbance, but later returns to its original state • A disturbed communit ...
... species, natural disturbances Human impacts cause major community changes • Resistance = community of organisms resists change and remains stable despite the disturbance • Resilience = a community changes in response to a disturbance, but later returns to its original state • A disturbed communit ...
Conference Programme
... African Pangolin Working Group & IUCN Species Survival Commission Pangolin Specialist Group Temminck‟s Ground Pangolin is a shy, secretive and solitary species occurring across southern and East Africa. We constructed a molecular phylogeny using three mitochondrial gene regions for 25 samples and fo ...
... African Pangolin Working Group & IUCN Species Survival Commission Pangolin Specialist Group Temminck‟s Ground Pangolin is a shy, secretive and solitary species occurring across southern and East Africa. We constructed a molecular phylogeny using three mitochondrial gene regions for 25 samples and fo ...
Feeding habits of Collembola and their ecological niche
... Collembola represent one of the most abundant groups in soils, where they play an important ecological role. One of their main contributions to the soils is the regulation of fungal populations (Warnock et al. 1982), affecting their dispersion, and also that of bacteria, to colonize new substrata (V ...
... Collembola represent one of the most abundant groups in soils, where they play an important ecological role. One of their main contributions to the soils is the regulation of fungal populations (Warnock et al. 1982), affecting their dispersion, and also that of bacteria, to colonize new substrata (V ...
Vegetation change: a reunifying concept in plant ecology ARTICLE IN PRESS
... broader conceptual context to research and write their papers. Or, the reverse could be true; authors might tend to characterize their papers as being quite broad in their scope and significance, while they actually rely on quite a narrow body of literature to conceive and write them. To assess the d ...
... broader conceptual context to research and write their papers. Or, the reverse could be true; authors might tend to characterize their papers as being quite broad in their scope and significance, while they actually rely on quite a narrow body of literature to conceive and write them. To assess the d ...
Emerging directions in the study of the ecology and evolution of
... habitat loss, and found that real communities started to decay sooner than random communities, although they persisted better at high levels of destruction. Pollination network field research also demonstrated that habitat loss not only leads to species loss, but also indirectly causes the reorganiz ...
... habitat loss, and found that real communities started to decay sooner than random communities, although they persisted better at high levels of destruction. Pollination network field research also demonstrated that habitat loss not only leads to species loss, but also indirectly causes the reorganiz ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.