Barcoding Feather Mites: for Evolutionary Ecology
... and how these mites interact with birds are open challenges for evolutionary ecology. A first step towards understanding the evolutionary ecology of this group is describing the network of interactions between birds and feather mite species. However, the species-level identification of feather mites ...
... and how these mites interact with birds are open challenges for evolutionary ecology. A first step towards understanding the evolutionary ecology of this group is describing the network of interactions between birds and feather mite species. However, the species-level identification of feather mites ...
native plants and adapted seeds for reclamation
... Revegetating arid landscapes in the western United States can be challenging. Some risks are inevitable when critical periods for seed germination and seedling establishment depend on unpredictable seasonal snow and rainfall. Despite these limitations, questions arise about the elements of revegetat ...
... Revegetating arid landscapes in the western United States can be challenging. Some risks are inevitable when critical periods for seed germination and seedling establishment depend on unpredictable seasonal snow and rainfall. Despite these limitations, questions arise about the elements of revegetat ...
the macroevolutionary consequences of ecological differences
... similar, if not identical, to one another. Moreover, the prevalence of cryptic, sympatric species that are being identified by molecular studies (e.g. Henry et al. 1999; Witt and Hebert 2000; Gomez et al. 2002) also suggests that significant phenotypic and ecological differentiation is not a necessa ...
... similar, if not identical, to one another. Moreover, the prevalence of cryptic, sympatric species that are being identified by molecular studies (e.g. Henry et al. 1999; Witt and Hebert 2000; Gomez et al. 2002) also suggests that significant phenotypic and ecological differentiation is not a necessa ...
Intraspecific priority effects and disease interact to alter population
... County, Indiana, USA) in early June 2011. We kept individuals in the laboratory (208C, 16:8 h day : night cycle) in 1-L containers containing filter-sterilized (1-lm pore size) lake water and the algae Scenedesmus obliquus (;2 mg C/L) for approximately two generations to standardize maternal or envir ...
... County, Indiana, USA) in early June 2011. We kept individuals in the laboratory (208C, 16:8 h day : night cycle) in 1-L containers containing filter-sterilized (1-lm pore size) lake water and the algae Scenedesmus obliquus (;2 mg C/L) for approximately two generations to standardize maternal or envir ...
... and subtidal rocky zone, although it can reach down to 20 m depth. This species is distributed only around Juan Fernández Archipelago and Desventuradas Islands, in central and northern Chile, respectively. However, other Scartichthys species are distributed along the South American Pacific coast. It ...
Should Extinction Be Forever
... 2013). The concept of right and wrong is a human con2013). If we are not careful and release revived species struction, and so it cannot be applied to other species and into natural habitats without first studying their ecologinature, as in nature was wronged by the extinction of spe- cal roles and ...
... 2013). The concept of right and wrong is a human con2013). If we are not careful and release revived species struction, and so it cannot be applied to other species and into natural habitats without first studying their ecologinature, as in nature was wronged by the extinction of spe- cal roles and ...
Chapter 4
... alters, but does not destroy, all local organisms - The remaining organisms form “building blocks” which help shape the process of succession - Fires, hurricanes, farming, logging • Climax community = remains in place with few changes - Until another disturbance restarts succession ...
... alters, but does not destroy, all local organisms - The remaining organisms form “building blocks” which help shape the process of succession - Fires, hurricanes, farming, logging • Climax community = remains in place with few changes - Until another disturbance restarts succession ...
1 From plants to communities
... amount of uncertainty in the field of plant community ecology. However, I am hopeful that after ...
... amount of uncertainty in the field of plant community ecology. However, I am hopeful that after ...
Predator-prey theory
... Predation Any ecological process in which energy and matter flow from one species to another. One organism consumes another in the classic “+ -” interaction: carnivore herbivore parasite / parasitoid (virus, bacteria, etc) ‘cannibalism’ ...
... Predation Any ecological process in which energy and matter flow from one species to another. One organism consumes another in the classic “+ -” interaction: carnivore herbivore parasite / parasitoid (virus, bacteria, etc) ‘cannibalism’ ...
Ecology Questions
... 143. Name a factor, other than competition, that controls wild populations. 144. What deduction is it possible to make from each of the following observations? (i) In a particular area the population of a predator did not decline following a big reduction in the population of its main prey. (ii) Mor ...
... 143. Name a factor, other than competition, that controls wild populations. 144. What deduction is it possible to make from each of the following observations? (i) In a particular area the population of a predator did not decline following a big reduction in the population of its main prey. (ii) Mor ...
Ecology
... 143. Name a factor, other than competition, that controls wild populations. 144. What deduction is it possible to make from each of the following observations? (i) In a particular area the population of a predator did not decline following a big reduction in the population of its main prey. (ii) Mor ...
... 143. Name a factor, other than competition, that controls wild populations. 144. What deduction is it possible to make from each of the following observations? (i) In a particular area the population of a predator did not decline following a big reduction in the population of its main prey. (ii) Mor ...
Time Series Observations of Species Composition and Behavioral
... combined with the other methods, presents a more comprehensive view of ecosystems. Here I conducted an analysis of video records collected over multiple years at a seafloor observatory in the South Atlantic Bight off the coast of Georgia. My objective was to determine variation in patterns of specie ...
... combined with the other methods, presents a more comprehensive view of ecosystems. Here I conducted an analysis of video records collected over multiple years at a seafloor observatory in the South Atlantic Bight off the coast of Georgia. My objective was to determine variation in patterns of specie ...
Action Plan for the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby
... As the common name suggests, the species possesses a long tail (regularly exceeding the body length) with a prominent brush on the distal third of its length (Eldridge and Close 2008). The pelage is brown above, tending to grey on the shoulders and reddish on the rump and hind quarters (Eldridge and ...
... As the common name suggests, the species possesses a long tail (regularly exceeding the body length) with a prominent brush on the distal third of its length (Eldridge and Close 2008). The pelage is brown above, tending to grey on the shoulders and reddish on the rump and hind quarters (Eldridge and ...
Chapter 50: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
... 1) Define ecology. Identify the two feature so organisms studied by ecologists. 2) Describe the relationship between ecology and evolutionary biology. 3) Distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment. 4) Distinguish among organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecolo ...
... 1) Define ecology. Identify the two feature so organisms studied by ecologists. 2) Describe the relationship between ecology and evolutionary biology. 3) Distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment. 4) Distinguish among organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecolo ...
Changes in habitat heterogeneity alter marine sessile benthic
... to those that are regional and operate much more slowly (e.g., climate change). Local stresses can result in the different threshold communities co-existing at sites near one another. More regional stresses operating at variable rates can produce broader regional switches in threshold conditions, bu ...
... to those that are regional and operate much more slowly (e.g., climate change). Local stresses can result in the different threshold communities co-existing at sites near one another. More regional stresses operating at variable rates can produce broader regional switches in threshold conditions, bu ...
Insect communities and biotic interactions on
... We evaluate existing evidence for alternative hypotheses on the effects of fragmentation with special emphasis on insects of calcareous grasslands. Species richness of butterflies in general and the proportion of monophagous species in particular increase with fragment size. Habitat fragmentation disr ...
... We evaluate existing evidence for alternative hypotheses on the effects of fragmentation with special emphasis on insects of calcareous grasslands. Species richness of butterflies in general and the proportion of monophagous species in particular increase with fragment size. Habitat fragmentation disr ...
Rapid displacement of native species by invasive species: effects of
... between the native and introduced species is essentially a competitive one between species that are similar in many aspects of their ecology and life histories. Assuming a homogeneous environment, without interbreeding, the species with the greater ®tness (e.g. better competitor or higher reproducti ...
... between the native and introduced species is essentially a competitive one between species that are similar in many aspects of their ecology and life histories. Assuming a homogeneous environment, without interbreeding, the species with the greater ®tness (e.g. better competitor or higher reproducti ...
Principles of Ecology
... An ecosystem is a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it. A biome is a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities. ...
... An ecosystem is a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it. A biome is a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities. ...
International Capital vs. Local Population: The Environmental Conflict
... Pollution from mining can be controlled by technology. However, the total amount of effluents can be reduced only if material removal diminishes. Instead, most of the time, water or air pollution is reduced by “storing” pollutants in special places. When natural environmental variations or human er ...
... Pollution from mining can be controlled by technology. However, the total amount of effluents can be reduced only if material removal diminishes. Instead, most of the time, water or air pollution is reduced by “storing” pollutants in special places. When natural environmental variations or human er ...
Research Guidelines - IUCN Otter Specialist Group
... research directly relevant to conservation and management problems, to identify factors that actually help otters survive in nature. Often, the most important research questions that have a bearing on otter survival make it necessary to concentrate our effort not on the animals themselves, but on th ...
... research directly relevant to conservation and management problems, to identify factors that actually help otters survive in nature. Often, the most important research questions that have a bearing on otter survival make it necessary to concentrate our effort not on the animals themselves, but on th ...
Honours in 2016/2017 Booklet
... The morphology of the Tasmanian yellow gum eucalypts varies clinally on many Tasmanian mountains, from small shrubs on the mountaintops (Eucalyptus vernicosa), through small trees (E. subcrenulata) in sub-alpine woodland, to tall forest trees near the base of mountains (classified as E. johnstonii o ...
... The morphology of the Tasmanian yellow gum eucalypts varies clinally on many Tasmanian mountains, from small shrubs on the mountaintops (Eucalyptus vernicosa), through small trees (E. subcrenulata) in sub-alpine woodland, to tall forest trees near the base of mountains (classified as E. johnstonii o ...
Interaction strengths in food webs - Centre for Biodiversity Theory
... For example, if the goal is to predict community changes resulting from a species removal, statistical Markov models may be a useful approach even though they do not clearly shed light on the patterning of interaction strengths or the exact mechanisms of change (e.g. Wootton 2001). Being clear about ...
... For example, if the goal is to predict community changes resulting from a species removal, statistical Markov models may be a useful approach even though they do not clearly shed light on the patterning of interaction strengths or the exact mechanisms of change (e.g. Wootton 2001). Being clear about ...
Interaction strengths in food webs
... For example, if the goal is to predict community changes resulting from a species removal, statistical Markov models may be a useful approach even though they do not clearly shed light on the patterning of interaction strengths or the exact mechanisms of change (e.g. Wootton 2001). Being clear about ...
... For example, if the goal is to predict community changes resulting from a species removal, statistical Markov models may be a useful approach even though they do not clearly shed light on the patterning of interaction strengths or the exact mechanisms of change (e.g. Wootton 2001). Being clear about ...
Competition 1. What is competition? 2. Intra
... Competition occurs when individuals use a shared resource in short supply: There may not be enough of the resource for any given individual to survive or to reproduce as well as when more resource is present. Competition does not necessarily involve competitors ever meeting (if the competitors are m ...
... Competition occurs when individuals use a shared resource in short supply: There may not be enough of the resource for any given individual to survive or to reproduce as well as when more resource is present. Competition does not necessarily involve competitors ever meeting (if the competitors are m ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.