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... In general, non-agricultural risks, like damage to natural areas, get little attention, and this is why the USDA has been most active among the federal agencies in using risk assessments. Usually the question being asked is whether a species can vector one or more other species that may become pests ...
... In general, non-agricultural risks, like damage to natural areas, get little attention, and this is why the USDA has been most active among the federal agencies in using risk assessments. Usually the question being asked is whether a species can vector one or more other species that may become pests ...
Facilitation among plants as an insurance policy for diversity in
... (Cavieres et al. 2014), others indicated that facilitative interactions are not important and are unrelated with richness and community structure in subarctic alpine plant communities (Mitchell, Cahill & Hik 2009). To assess the importance of facilitative interactions on community structure and rich ...
... (Cavieres et al. 2014), others indicated that facilitative interactions are not important and are unrelated with richness and community structure in subarctic alpine plant communities (Mitchell, Cahill & Hik 2009). To assess the importance of facilitative interactions on community structure and rich ...
as a PDF
... TexaseMexico border (Morafka, 1989). Rainfall for the region averages 235 mm annually, 70% of which occurs in summer (MayeOctober) monsoon storms. Average annual temperature for the region is 18.6 C (Schmidt, 1986). While the extent of the Chihuahuan Desert has been debated (Morafka, 1977, 1989; S ...
... TexaseMexico border (Morafka, 1989). Rainfall for the region averages 235 mm annually, 70% of which occurs in summer (MayeOctober) monsoon storms. Average annual temperature for the region is 18.6 C (Schmidt, 1986). While the extent of the Chihuahuan Desert has been debated (Morafka, 1977, 1989; S ...
The Ecology of Urban Forest Edges - National Center for Smart Growth
... This resource provides an overview of connectivity, patch dynamics, and the edge. Bennett covers “edge effects,” the differences between habitat found at the perimeter and core of an area. He describes their prevalence in urban corridors due to thin green spaces and a high ratio of edge to total are ...
... This resource provides an overview of connectivity, patch dynamics, and the edge. Bennett covers “edge effects,” the differences between habitat found at the perimeter and core of an area. He describes their prevalence in urban corridors due to thin green spaces and a high ratio of edge to total are ...
Experimental evidence for fundamental, and not realized, niche
... competing species then evolve to use different resources, thereby alleviating interspecific competition (Brown & Wilson 1956; Schluter 1994). When this process occurs between multiple species within a community, it is termed community-wide ECD (Strong, Szyska & Simberloff 1979). Patterns of niche pa ...
... competing species then evolve to use different resources, thereby alleviating interspecific competition (Brown & Wilson 1956; Schluter 1994). When this process occurs between multiple species within a community, it is termed community-wide ECD (Strong, Szyska & Simberloff 1979). Patterns of niche pa ...
Name: AP Biology Mutualism Case Study Response Read the
... Look up mutualism and symbiosis in several textbooks. Your instructor may have textbooks available for you to read, or you may have to go the library and fi nd some. Write their definitions down. Did the textbooks you examined agree that mutualism is an interaction in which both species benefit? Did ...
... Look up mutualism and symbiosis in several textbooks. Your instructor may have textbooks available for you to read, or you may have to go the library and fi nd some. Write their definitions down. Did the textbooks you examined agree that mutualism is an interaction in which both species benefit? Did ...
A hierarchical model of whole assemblage island biogeography
... containing 41 species. For many of these species, Mayr and Diamond (2001) also delineated multiple subspecies. However, recent molecular work suggests that this classification underestimates the diversity of the system, some subspecies represent more significant evolutionary units (Moyle et al. 2005 ...
... containing 41 species. For many of these species, Mayr and Diamond (2001) also delineated multiple subspecies. However, recent molecular work suggests that this classification underestimates the diversity of the system, some subspecies represent more significant evolutionary units (Moyle et al. 2005 ...
Unit 7 Review 1. Define the following terms: a. Organism b
... 1. Define the following terms: a. Organism b. Population c. Community d. Ecosystem e. Distribution ...
... 1. Define the following terms: a. Organism b. Population c. Community d. Ecosystem e. Distribution ...
Competition - Cal State LA
... • A concept that encompasses all of the individual environmental requirements of a species • This is definitely an abstract concept, but it helps us to organize and explain ecological phenomena ...
... • A concept that encompasses all of the individual environmental requirements of a species • This is definitely an abstract concept, but it helps us to organize and explain ecological phenomena ...
Lecture1 - translated - College of Forestry, University of Guangxi
... -Scientific questions not always very “heavy-weight”! -Some part of science is similar to other disciplines in that you need to make a reasonable argument (what is a good category? – it’s better than others) -Description is also part of science. ...
... -Scientific questions not always very “heavy-weight”! -Some part of science is similar to other disciplines in that you need to make a reasonable argument (what is a good category? – it’s better than others) -Description is also part of science. ...
Ambio 22 - Ecosystem Ecology: The CBL Gonzo Group
... hypoxia or anoxia by closing tightly and switching its metabolism to a form of anaerobic respiration. On the scale of the whole estuary, reproduction is favored in some years in one location and in other locations at other times. Pelagic larval stages insure wide dispersal and colonizationof availab ...
... hypoxia or anoxia by closing tightly and switching its metabolism to a form of anaerobic respiration. On the scale of the whole estuary, reproduction is favored in some years in one location and in other locations at other times. Pelagic larval stages insure wide dispersal and colonizationof availab ...
Wildlife corridors - natural resource management information note
... cut-off from other areas of habitat resulting in many plant and animal species becoming isolated, especially when land between the patches is permanently altered for human activities. As these vegetation patches are reduced in size and become increasingly isolated, the on-going viability of ecosyste ...
... cut-off from other areas of habitat resulting in many plant and animal species becoming isolated, especially when land between the patches is permanently altered for human activities. As these vegetation patches are reduced in size and become increasingly isolated, the on-going viability of ecosyste ...
Decomposition of Leaf Litter in a U.S. Saltmarsh is Driven by
... in Loreau and Hector 2001; Fox 2005). Complementarity is based on species-specific resource use or positive interspecific interactions (facilitation), resulting in higher performance (synergism) at the community level than expected from performance of single species. Alternatively, according to the ...
... in Loreau and Hector 2001; Fox 2005). Complementarity is based on species-specific resource use or positive interspecific interactions (facilitation), resulting in higher performance (synergism) at the community level than expected from performance of single species. Alternatively, according to the ...
Impact: Toward a Framework for Understanding the Ecological
... that for many historical invasions we do not have good baseline data on the distribution and abundance of the original species assemblage, or on basic ecological processes like energy flow or nutrient dynamics. However, our inability to agree on the impact of historical invasions also reflects the f ...
... that for many historical invasions we do not have good baseline data on the distribution and abundance of the original species assemblage, or on basic ecological processes like energy flow or nutrient dynamics. However, our inability to agree on the impact of historical invasions also reflects the f ...
Identification Booklet
... Non-native animal or plant species are of concern to biologists and environment managers throughout the world including eastern Canada. Invasive species can threaten aquatic ecosystems, occupying habitats or outcompeting native species. These invasive species may show rapid population growth in the ...
... Non-native animal or plant species are of concern to biologists and environment managers throughout the world including eastern Canada. Invasive species can threaten aquatic ecosystems, occupying habitats or outcompeting native species. These invasive species may show rapid population growth in the ...
A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme
... et al., 1985; Wilson and Agnew, 1992). Generalizing across these experiments is now an outstanding question for ecology. Up till the present, species in experiments have usually been categorized for meta-analysis into growth form or life form or annual vs perennial. It seems reasonable to hope that ...
... et al., 1985; Wilson and Agnew, 1992). Generalizing across these experiments is now an outstanding question for ecology. Up till the present, species in experiments have usually been categorized for meta-analysis into growth form or life form or annual vs perennial. It seems reasonable to hope that ...
Impact: toward a framework for understanding
... that for many historical invasions we do not have good baseline data on the distribution and abundance of the original species assemblage, or on basic ecological processes like energy flow or nutrient dynamics. However, our inability to agree on the impact of historical invasions also reflects the f ...
... that for many historical invasions we do not have good baseline data on the distribution and abundance of the original species assemblage, or on basic ecological processes like energy flow or nutrient dynamics. However, our inability to agree on the impact of historical invasions also reflects the f ...
Host–parasite interactions: a litmus test for ocean acidification?
... The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine species and ecosystems have received significant scientific attention in the past 10 years. However, to date, the effects of OA on host–parasite interactions have been largely ignored. As parasites play a multidimensional role in the regulation of ma ...
... The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine species and ecosystems have received significant scientific attention in the past 10 years. However, to date, the effects of OA on host–parasite interactions have been largely ignored. As parasites play a multidimensional role in the regulation of ma ...
The Geographical Ecology of Mammals
... 1967) already had set the stage for our current understanding of the evolution and dynamics of ecological niches and habitat selection. Levins's (1962) invention of fitness sets was an early application of optimization theory to what we now call evolutionary ecology. MacArthur and Wilson's (1963, 19 ...
... 1967) already had set the stage for our current understanding of the evolution and dynamics of ecological niches and habitat selection. Levins's (1962) invention of fitness sets was an early application of optimization theory to what we now call evolutionary ecology. MacArthur and Wilson's (1963, 19 ...
1 From plants to communities - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... amount of uncertainty in the field of plant community ecology. However, I am hopeful that after ...
... amount of uncertainty in the field of plant community ecology. However, I am hopeful that after ...
Lifehistory constraints in grassland plant species: a growthdefence
... such studies are reported from species in controlled environments (Hawkes & Sullivan 2001), responses of wild plants may differ from those of cultivated plants (Chapin 1980), and trade-offs will depend on the environment in which species are found (Kneitel & Chase 2004). Thus, replicated examination ...
... such studies are reported from species in controlled environments (Hawkes & Sullivan 2001), responses of wild plants may differ from those of cultivated plants (Chapin 1980), and trade-offs will depend on the environment in which species are found (Kneitel & Chase 2004). Thus, replicated examination ...
Life-history constraints in grassland plant species:
... We used species abundance data from plots receiving nutrients alone, or fences alone, as well as control plots, but did not consider the plots with both fences and nutrients added. While precluding analysis of any interactive effects on species or groupings, this framework allows us to focus on the ...
... We used species abundance data from plots receiving nutrients alone, or fences alone, as well as control plots, but did not consider the plots with both fences and nutrients added. While precluding analysis of any interactive effects on species or groupings, this framework allows us to focus on the ...
Organic versus conventional arable farming systems
... fungivores or predators, and some are known to parasitize diptera pupae (Fournet et al., 2000), while a few species are associated with ants (Päivinen et al., 2003). Staphylinids are active at the ground surface but also in the leaf litter and within the soil. They play an important part both above ...
... fungivores or predators, and some are known to parasitize diptera pupae (Fournet et al., 2000), while a few species are associated with ants (Päivinen et al., 2003). Staphylinids are active at the ground surface but also in the leaf litter and within the soil. They play an important part both above ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.