![Use and limitations of ecological models](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016050390_1-693e97320e1b9d21ede13d2700147f18-300x300.png)
Use and limitations of ecological models
... in the quality of results because they are built in order to describe ecosystem adaptations and structural changes. Likewise, the spatial modelling systems are an emerging and synthesized simulation approach that combines system modelling, GIS and map algebra and they are used to explore the spatial ...
... in the quality of results because they are built in order to describe ecosystem adaptations and structural changes. Likewise, the spatial modelling systems are an emerging and synthesized simulation approach that combines system modelling, GIS and map algebra and they are used to explore the spatial ...
Learning Outcomes for Ecology Concepts and Applications 6e
... 1. Describe some emerging frontiers in ecology. 2. Explain how the use of stable isotopes has extended what it is possible to know about the ecology of warblers. 3. Compare the spatial and temporal scales addressed by the research of Robert MacArthur, Nalini Nadkarni, and Margaret Davis. Investigati ...
... 1. Describe some emerging frontiers in ecology. 2. Explain how the use of stable isotopes has extended what it is possible to know about the ecology of warblers. 3. Compare the spatial and temporal scales addressed by the research of Robert MacArthur, Nalini Nadkarni, and Margaret Davis. Investigati ...
Moving beyond static species distribution models in support of
... applied in the case of shifting habitat under climate change. Several studies have used a cellular automata (CA) modelling framework for spatially explicit simulations of species migration in response to climate change effects on habitat distribution. CA models are matrix simulations that apply rule ...
... applied in the case of shifting habitat under climate change. Several studies have used a cellular automata (CA) modelling framework for spatially explicit simulations of species migration in response to climate change effects on habitat distribution. CA models are matrix simulations that apply rule ...
Issue Summary for Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands
... habitat; water temperature increases; alteration of sediment transport, the addition of toxic compounds; and, sedimentation are the major stressors. Impacts of the stressors to biota are difficult to calculate because coastal wetland quality and quantity are not currently consistently monitored. Cur ...
... habitat; water temperature increases; alteration of sediment transport, the addition of toxic compounds; and, sedimentation are the major stressors. Impacts of the stressors to biota are difficult to calculate because coastal wetland quality and quantity are not currently consistently monitored. Cur ...
Kirwan in Ecology
... range of models with simple patterns among the interspecific interactions. These models can explain most of the diversity effect using a low number of coefficients, which is of particular importance in species-rich systems with many possible interactions. By testing between the alternative description ...
... range of models with simple patterns among the interspecific interactions. These models can explain most of the diversity effect using a low number of coefficients, which is of particular importance in species-rich systems with many possible interactions. By testing between the alternative description ...
Do exotic beavers engineer differently in sub-Antarctic
... major tree species, all in the genus Nothofagus, which are broad-leafed trees that are all eaten by beavers (Sielfeld and Venegas, 1980). Furthermore, these forests naturally regenerate from sapling banks in a gap dynamic, since seed banks do not persist for long periods in these soils and vegetativ ...
... major tree species, all in the genus Nothofagus, which are broad-leafed trees that are all eaten by beavers (Sielfeld and Venegas, 1980). Furthermore, these forests naturally regenerate from sapling banks in a gap dynamic, since seed banks do not persist for long periods in these soils and vegetativ ...
Historical contingency in species interactions: towards nichebased
... four different synthetic nectar environments. To prepare the synthetic nectar environments, we manipulated nectar sugar and amino acid levels in a full factorial design as described above, resulting in four different nectar environments: harsh, rich; harsh, poor; benign, rich; and benign, poor. In e ...
... four different synthetic nectar environments. To prepare the synthetic nectar environments, we manipulated nectar sugar and amino acid levels in a full factorial design as described above, resulting in four different nectar environments: harsh, rich; harsh, poor; benign, rich; and benign, poor. In e ...
Conservation Ecology: The Relations Among Threatened Species
... hindrance toward development (Edgerton 1992), who dismiss any ecological reasons behind them (Rea 1981), or who argue that the taboos may not be adhered to by some groups and, consequently, may be of no value in nature conservation (Alvard 1993, 1994). In contrast, Berkes et al. (1995) describe soci ...
... hindrance toward development (Edgerton 1992), who dismiss any ecological reasons behind them (Rea 1981), or who argue that the taboos may not be adhered to by some groups and, consequently, may be of no value in nature conservation (Alvard 1993, 1994). In contrast, Berkes et al. (1995) describe soci ...
The effects of invasive North American beavers on riparian plant
... major tree species, all in the genus Nothofagus, which are broad-leafed trees that are all eaten by beavers (Sielfeld and Venegas, 1980). Furthermore, these forests naturally regenerate from sapling banks in a gap dynamic, since seed banks do not persist for long periods in these soils and vegetativ ...
... major tree species, all in the genus Nothofagus, which are broad-leafed trees that are all eaten by beavers (Sielfeld and Venegas, 1980). Furthermore, these forests naturally regenerate from sapling banks in a gap dynamic, since seed banks do not persist for long periods in these soils and vegetativ ...
Rare Plants and Rare Plant communities in Alberta Face an
... indicate fire severity was the strongest environmental factor that explained variations in vegetation composition two years after fire. Total vegetation change (assessed through ordination) was strongly correlated with fire intensity. Fire caused declines in species richness of rare lichens, rare br ...
... indicate fire severity was the strongest environmental factor that explained variations in vegetation composition two years after fire. Total vegetation change (assessed through ordination) was strongly correlated with fire intensity. Fire caused declines in species richness of rare lichens, rare br ...
IMPACT: Toward a framework for understanding the
... formal attention has been given to defining what we mean by impact, or connecting ecological theory with particular measures of impact. The resulting lack of generalizations regarding invasion impacts is more than an academic problem; we need to be able to distinguish invaders with minor effects fro ...
... formal attention has been given to defining what we mean by impact, or connecting ecological theory with particular measures of impact. The resulting lack of generalizations regarding invasion impacts is more than an academic problem; we need to be able to distinguish invaders with minor effects fro ...
Dual phase evolution a mechanism for self
... the connectivity of the landscape, flipping it from a connected to a disconnected state or vice versa. After a cataclysm, the landscape is largely empty. Surviving populations occupy isolated refugia, and are consequently fragmented. At geological timescales, ecological depletion and spatial fragmen ...
... the connectivity of the landscape, flipping it from a connected to a disconnected state or vice versa. After a cataclysm, the landscape is largely empty. Surviving populations occupy isolated refugia, and are consequently fragmented. At geological timescales, ecological depletion and spatial fragmen ...
Interactions Between Populations
... • Traditional approaches to population interactions have been to consider just the direct pairwise interactions • This is simplistic in that the population either interact, or they do not ...
... • Traditional approaches to population interactions have been to consider just the direct pairwise interactions • This is simplistic in that the population either interact, or they do not ...
2016.17 Ecology, Ongoing Expectations
... CLE 3255.T/E.2 Differentiate among elements of the engineering design cycle: design constraints, model building, testing, evaluating, modifying, and retesting. CLE 3255.T/E.3 Explain the relationship between the properties of a material and the use of the material in the application of a technology ...
... CLE 3255.T/E.2 Differentiate among elements of the engineering design cycle: design constraints, model building, testing, evaluating, modifying, and retesting. CLE 3255.T/E.3 Explain the relationship between the properties of a material and the use of the material in the application of a technology ...
Return of an Icon - Canadian Bison Association
... Grazing History For over 100 years these ranchers were excellent stewards of the prairie. As local ranchers retired and sold their land to Parks Canada, GNP removed cattle and cross fences. ...
... Grazing History For over 100 years these ranchers were excellent stewards of the prairie. As local ranchers retired and sold their land to Parks Canada, GNP removed cattle and cross fences. ...
Vaughn.BioScience.2010
... colleagues (2006) pointed out that we lack an adequate understanding of how individual traits are intercorrelated, and how this lack of independence among traits reflects phylogenetic constraints. Future studies need to more fully consider phylogeny and take a multitrait approach to understanding ho ...
... colleagues (2006) pointed out that we lack an adequate understanding of how individual traits are intercorrelated, and how this lack of independence among traits reflects phylogenetic constraints. Future studies need to more fully consider phylogeny and take a multitrait approach to understanding ho ...
Ecological Impacts of Alien Species
... We need to mitigate impacts not only when aliens are present but, ideally, also when they are expected to invade and likely to have an undesirable impact in the future. Preinvasion assessments with the purpose of predicting the risk of invasion and impact are used in many parts of the world (Kumschi ...
... We need to mitigate impacts not only when aliens are present but, ideally, also when they are expected to invade and likely to have an undesirable impact in the future. Preinvasion assessments with the purpose of predicting the risk of invasion and impact are used in many parts of the world (Kumschi ...
Understanding ecosystem dynamics for conservation of
... and indirectly more eagles. The shrimps took nearly two decades to increase, but when they did in 1985, numbers of both salmon and eagles, instead of increasing as predicted, collapsed almost to zero (Fig. 1). It transpired that the shrimp were more successful competitors for the cladoceran food of ...
... and indirectly more eagles. The shrimps took nearly two decades to increase, but when they did in 1985, numbers of both salmon and eagles, instead of increasing as predicted, collapsed almost to zero (Fig. 1). It transpired that the shrimp were more successful competitors for the cladoceran food of ...
EPILOGUE
... which lie about 100 km off the Pacific coast of Mexico. The initial paper in the series was Grant's (1966) investigation of character displacement in ecologically similar species of Tres Marias birds. To determine whether bill sizes of island birds were unusual, Grant (1966:452) compared them with a ...
... which lie about 100 km off the Pacific coast of Mexico. The initial paper in the series was Grant's (1966) investigation of character displacement in ecologically similar species of Tres Marias birds. To determine whether bill sizes of island birds were unusual, Grant (1966:452) compared them with a ...
The Role of Forests in the Preservation of Biodiversity
... trees themselves are considered to be threatened with extinction. Forested land is steadily converted to other uses, or is so badly disrupted by harvesting activities that it will become scrub or semi-desert. In some parts of the tropics, it is estimated that forests are being destroyed at a rate as ...
... trees themselves are considered to be threatened with extinction. Forested land is steadily converted to other uses, or is so badly disrupted by harvesting activities that it will become scrub or semi-desert. In some parts of the tropics, it is estimated that forests are being destroyed at a rate as ...
Diversity effects on production in different light and fertility
... was performed using only the SS for species composition and including species presence-absence (dummy variables) and richness terms in separate models. In this way, the significance of species richness as a determinant of production could be assessed against both compositional variation and the full ...
... was performed using only the SS for species composition and including species presence-absence (dummy variables) and richness terms in separate models. In this way, the significance of species richness as a determinant of production could be assessed against both compositional variation and the full ...
Analyzing ecological networks of species interactions
... SINs are amenable to the study of all types of ecological interactions, regardless of the resolution of underlying data: mutualistic, antagonistic, competitive, and so on. Recent developments made it possible to include more than one type of interaction within a single network (Fontaine et al. 2011; ...
... SINs are amenable to the study of all types of ecological interactions, regardless of the resolution of underlying data: mutualistic, antagonistic, competitive, and so on. Recent developments made it possible to include more than one type of interaction within a single network (Fontaine et al. 2011; ...
Evolution in Population Parameters: Density
... paradigm, as does the burgeoning literature on the prevalence of rapid adaptive evolution in natural populations (e.g., Carroll et al. 2007). Thus, we argue that the tenets of ecological genetics, applied to ideas about biotic selection pressures emerging from evolutionary ecology, lead directly to ...
... paradigm, as does the burgeoning literature on the prevalence of rapid adaptive evolution in natural populations (e.g., Carroll et al. 2007). Thus, we argue that the tenets of ecological genetics, applied to ideas about biotic selection pressures emerging from evolutionary ecology, lead directly to ...
Evolution of learning and cognition. In
... when a common ancestor diverges into two or more new species. Traits shared between the two descendent species will have been retained from the common ancestor, but there will also be new ...
... when a common ancestor diverges into two or more new species. Traits shared between the two descendent species will have been retained from the common ancestor, but there will also be new ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.