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Problems in the Measurement of Evenness in Ecology Rauno V
... instance, is the logarithm of the number of 'abundant' species. Evenness measures should measure the equality of The use of diversity indices, which combine species richness and evenness of abundance distribution into a abundances in the community: maximum evenness single value, has often been crit ...
... instance, is the logarithm of the number of 'abundant' species. Evenness measures should measure the equality of The use of diversity indices, which combine species richness and evenness of abundance distribution into a abundances in the community: maximum evenness single value, has often been crit ...
Effect of Elevation and Type of Habitat on the Abundance and
... 1992), in the spring and the summer, a period during which most scarabaeoid dung beetles are active as adults in the study area (Romero-Alcaraz et al. 1998). These circumstances may become important in determining the spatial distribution of dung beetles along elevational or habitat gradients: eleva ...
... 1992), in the spring and the summer, a period during which most scarabaeoid dung beetles are active as adults in the study area (Romero-Alcaraz et al. 1998). These circumstances may become important in determining the spatial distribution of dung beetles along elevational or habitat gradients: eleva ...
Community ecology PPT - Narragansett Schools
... resources is called the species’ ecological niche • An ecological niche can also be thought of as an organism’s ecological role • Ecologically similar species can coexist in a community if there are one or more significant differences in their niches ...
... resources is called the species’ ecological niche • An ecological niche can also be thought of as an organism’s ecological role • Ecologically similar species can coexist in a community if there are one or more significant differences in their niches ...
Chapter 54
... resources is called the species’ ecological niche • An ecological niche can also be thought of as an organism’s ecological role • Ecologically similar species can coexist in a community if there are one or more significant differences in their niches ...
... resources is called the species’ ecological niche • An ecological niche can also be thought of as an organism’s ecological role • Ecologically similar species can coexist in a community if there are one or more significant differences in their niches ...
- Journal of Rangeland Science
... evenness curve, however, is the most from less number of plots and it will decrease when the number of plots increased. As many researchers emphasised, grazers in poor condition of rangelands incline the species diversity and richness and increase the number of some individual species, as are known ...
... evenness curve, however, is the most from less number of plots and it will decrease when the number of plots increased. As many researchers emphasised, grazers in poor condition of rangelands incline the species diversity and richness and increase the number of some individual species, as are known ...
Niche Construction Theory: A Practical Guide for Ecologists
... longevity of individuals. By influencing population structure, it may thus decrease the significance of drift and potentially increase the longevity of species, independent of any direct selection. Third, through ecological spillovers that occur in the process of modifying their own niches, organism ...
... longevity of individuals. By influencing population structure, it may thus decrease the significance of drift and potentially increase the longevity of species, independent of any direct selection. Third, through ecological spillovers that occur in the process of modifying their own niches, organism ...
The Editorial Committee of the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution
... interactions. Over geological time scales, adaptive radiation, speciation and plate tectonics can ...
... interactions. Over geological time scales, adaptive radiation, speciation and plate tectonics can ...
Community specificity: life and afterlife effects of genes
... Such specificity affects species interactions, evolution, ecosystem processes and leads to community feedbacks on the performance of the individuals expressing the traits. Thus, genetic specificity by communities appears to be fundamentally important, suggesting that specificity is a major driver of ...
... Such specificity affects species interactions, evolution, ecosystem processes and leads to community feedbacks on the performance of the individuals expressing the traits. Thus, genetic specificity by communities appears to be fundamentally important, suggesting that specificity is a major driver of ...
species interactions - University of Toronto Mississauga
... and parasitism all have a positive effect on one population and a negative effect on the other (/). However, while predators always kill their prey, the hosts of parasites and herbivores often survive their attacks. Mutualism is an interaction in which both species benefit (+/+), while commensalis ...
... and parasitism all have a positive effect on one population and a negative effect on the other (/). However, while predators always kill their prey, the hosts of parasites and herbivores often survive their attacks. Mutualism is an interaction in which both species benefit (+/+), while commensalis ...
CBF
... The potential economic and ecological benefits associated with an oyster that grows faster and survives better than the native Chesapeake Bay oyster, C. virginica, are great. But these potential benefits must be balanced with the potential adverse implications for the Bay and the entire coast that c ...
... The potential economic and ecological benefits associated with an oyster that grows faster and survives better than the native Chesapeake Bay oyster, C. virginica, are great. But these potential benefits must be balanced with the potential adverse implications for the Bay and the entire coast that c ...
IUCN Species Survival Commission
... One of the most debated aspects of translocating species outside their indigenous range, albeit with conservation intentions, is that this action could harm local biological diversity, human livelihoods, health and economy. It is therefore important to assess carefully the risks related to these tra ...
... One of the most debated aspects of translocating species outside their indigenous range, albeit with conservation intentions, is that this action could harm local biological diversity, human livelihoods, health and economy. It is therefore important to assess carefully the risks related to these tra ...
The Ecological Niches of Poisonous Plants in Range Communities
... days). Then they can ingest as much as 75% more halogeton without ill effects (James and Cronin 1974). Community ...
... days). Then they can ingest as much as 75% more halogeton without ill effects (James and Cronin 1974). Community ...
Chapter 17 Origin of Species
... – reproductive modes and sexual behaviors contribute to changes in genotype and phenotype – some evolutionary changes in natural populations occur in the absence of natural or sexual selection ...
... – reproductive modes and sexual behaviors contribute to changes in genotype and phenotype – some evolutionary changes in natural populations occur in the absence of natural or sexual selection ...
The influence of biodiversity on invasibility of terrestrial plant
... direction of the river. This trend seems to point to the importance of propagule pressure on both diversity and invasion. The fact that diverse areas are often heavily invaded has posed a conundrum to researchers. In a study of biomes in the USA, Stohlgren et al. (1999) found a positive correlation ...
... direction of the river. This trend seems to point to the importance of propagule pressure on both diversity and invasion. The fact that diverse areas are often heavily invaded has posed a conundrum to researchers. In a study of biomes in the USA, Stohlgren et al. (1999) found a positive correlation ...
Reprint
... dominant driver [24]. This suggests that looking at the plausibility of coexistence mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective might complement existing attempts to infer their importance from empirical data [25]. For example, Purves and Turnbull argue that it is highly unlikely that evolution woul ...
... dominant driver [24]. This suggests that looking at the plausibility of coexistence mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective might complement existing attempts to infer their importance from empirical data [25]. For example, Purves and Turnbull argue that it is highly unlikely that evolution woul ...
Native Fauna on Exotic Trees: Phylogenetic
... Which factors shape the assembly of local species communities? The influences of natural selection, phylogenetic history, and ecological context (e.g., variation in the abundance of particular species) and how these factors interact have been identified as key issues to be addressed in community eco ...
... Which factors shape the assembly of local species communities? The influences of natural selection, phylogenetic history, and ecological context (e.g., variation in the abundance of particular species) and how these factors interact have been identified as key issues to be addressed in community eco ...
Unit 8: Interactions of Living Things
... or enemies exist is its _________ diseases biotic potential never • Most populations _________ reach their biotic potential, or if they do so for only a ________ short period of time environment • Eventually the carrying capacity of the ______________ is reached and the population stops ____________ ...
... or enemies exist is its _________ diseases biotic potential never • Most populations _________ reach their biotic potential, or if they do so for only a ________ short period of time environment • Eventually the carrying capacity of the ______________ is reached and the population stops ____________ ...
Ecology Connections 5. GUILDS One reason ecologists study
... This study examined the colonization of three categories of uninhabited trees. 1) Empty, moderately-damaged mature trees: These become available when mature, drought-stressed trees are abandoned by resident ants or when moderate-intensity fires kill resident ants. The damage to trees by drought or m ...
... This study examined the colonization of three categories of uninhabited trees. 1) Empty, moderately-damaged mature trees: These become available when mature, drought-stressed trees are abandoned by resident ants or when moderate-intensity fires kill resident ants. The damage to trees by drought or m ...
Functional diversity within a morphologically conservative genus of
... 4. Overall range of effects produced on a variety of response variables was surprising, given the similarity in morphology and autecology, strong phylogenetic affinity, and the fact that neither predator size nor growth explained significant variation. Each species appears to be interacting with the ...
... 4. Overall range of effects produced on a variety of response variables was surprising, given the similarity in morphology and autecology, strong phylogenetic affinity, and the fact that neither predator size nor growth explained significant variation. Each species appears to be interacting with the ...
report - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional
... and C2. Thus, species C1 and C2 are engaged in apparent competition by sharing the same predator (see Fig. 1). They are also engaged in indirect competition because they share the same resource (the basal species). We assume a trade-off between competition and colonization: C1 is a better competitor ...
... and C2. Thus, species C1 and C2 are engaged in apparent competition by sharing the same predator (see Fig. 1). They are also engaged in indirect competition because they share the same resource (the basal species). We assume a trade-off between competition and colonization: C1 is a better competitor ...
Group A: Impacts on Organisms, Communities and Landscapes
... Impacts can be divided into: 1) impacts of the invader itself on ecosystem components 2) impacts of the management actions directed at the invader on the ecosystem components. The decision to manage is often predicated on the level/severity of impact or perceived impact. ...
... Impacts can be divided into: 1) impacts of the invader itself on ecosystem components 2) impacts of the management actions directed at the invader on the ecosystem components. The decision to manage is often predicated on the level/severity of impact or perceived impact. ...
internal parasites of lizards from taiwan
... Even though under some conditions exotic invasive species can acquire non host-specific parasites from the new locality into which they have been introduced (e.g., Rolbiecki 2006), there may also be an absence of transmission routes that could be specific to native hosts, in which case the invaders ...
... Even though under some conditions exotic invasive species can acquire non host-specific parasites from the new locality into which they have been introduced (e.g., Rolbiecki 2006), there may also be an absence of transmission routes that could be specific to native hosts, in which case the invaders ...
Dispersal in Marine Organisms without a Pelagic Larval Phase
... extirpated in coastal regions because of competition from other isopods and more rapid destruction of patches. Once away from shore, populations on such algal patches are capable of travelling in the currents to colonize new areas (Gutow 2003). This ability was ...
... extirpated in coastal regions because of competition from other isopods and more rapid destruction of patches. Once away from shore, populations on such algal patches are capable of travelling in the currents to colonize new areas (Gutow 2003). This ability was ...
Food web structure of three guilds of natural enemies: predators
... the case of grasses fed on by aphids that congregate on flower spikes, or a 30 cm terminal shoot in the case of shrubs where aphids feed on young growth. On every fortnightly sampling occasion a minimum of 300 units of every plant species were chosen at random, stratified over forty 20 × 20 m grid c ...
... the case of grasses fed on by aphids that congregate on flower spikes, or a 30 cm terminal shoot in the case of shrubs where aphids feed on young growth. On every fortnightly sampling occasion a minimum of 300 units of every plant species were chosen at random, stratified over forty 20 × 20 m grid c ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.