4.3 Succession File
... Primary succession begins in an area with no remnants of an older community Pioneer species: The first species to colonize lifeless areas ex. lichen ...
... Primary succession begins in an area with no remnants of an older community Pioneer species: The first species to colonize lifeless areas ex. lichen ...
Gough and Grace 1999
... 2National Wetlands Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, Louisiana 70506 USA ...
... 2National Wetlands Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, Louisiana 70506 USA ...
JP Pipe and Steel 71 Lower Coast Road Stanwell Park
... Environmental Living (E4) or Low Density Residential (R2). A footprint would be developed at a later date when all constraints across the site are known. ...
... Environmental Living (E4) or Low Density Residential (R2). A footprint would be developed at a later date when all constraints across the site are known. ...
Interactions between Micro- and Macroparasites Predict
... Helminth-associated Th17 suppression may therefore influence the host immune response to both intracellular and extracellular parasites. Given this combination of suppressive effects that helminths have on the host immune system, these parasites may facilitate invasion of the host by a wide range of ...
... Helminth-associated Th17 suppression may therefore influence the host immune response to both intracellular and extracellular parasites. Given this combination of suppressive effects that helminths have on the host immune system, these parasites may facilitate invasion of the host by a wide range of ...
A Three-Way Trade-Off Maintains Functional Diversity under
... extremes of adaptation, it is reasonable to posit a threeway trade-off between fast growth, competitive ability, and ability to store nutrients. We refer to this proposed mutual constraint as a velocity-affinity-storage trade-off. Our goal in this study is twofold: first to test for potential trade- ...
... extremes of adaptation, it is reasonable to posit a threeway trade-off between fast growth, competitive ability, and ability to store nutrients. We refer to this proposed mutual constraint as a velocity-affinity-storage trade-off. Our goal in this study is twofold: first to test for potential trade- ...
The Science of Ecology for a Sustainable World
... The recognition that populations interact led to investigation of aggregates of populations, and their structure and dynamics as related to physico-chemical conditions. Edward Forbes (UK, 1815–1854) was the first to investigate the distribution of marine organisms at various depths in the sea. He de ...
... The recognition that populations interact led to investigation of aggregates of populations, and their structure and dynamics as related to physico-chemical conditions. Edward Forbes (UK, 1815–1854) was the first to investigate the distribution of marine organisms at various depths in the sea. He de ...
Appendices - NatureServe
... Shrub - A woody plant that generally has several erect, spreading, or prostrate stems which give it a bushy appearance. In instances where growth form cannot be readily determined, woody plants less than 5 m in height at maturity are to be considered shrubs [even if monopodial?] (adapted from FGDC 1 ...
... Shrub - A woody plant that generally has several erect, spreading, or prostrate stems which give it a bushy appearance. In instances where growth form cannot be readily determined, woody plants less than 5 m in height at maturity are to be considered shrubs [even if monopodial?] (adapted from FGDC 1 ...
- Miguel A. Fortuna
... Ecology has a long tradition studying the structure of food webs as an important property for understand the dynamical stability of communities (e.g., Paine 1966; Cohen 1978, Pimm 1982). Food webs depict trophic relationships between species, that is, who eats whom. Generally, food webs have a much ...
... Ecology has a long tradition studying the structure of food webs as an important property for understand the dynamical stability of communities (e.g., Paine 1966; Cohen 1978, Pimm 1982). Food webs depict trophic relationships between species, that is, who eats whom. Generally, food webs have a much ...
生態學 - 國立臺南大學
... • The primitive humans must have been ecologists of sorts – driven by the need to understand where and when their food and their enemies were to be found. (applied ecologists). ...
... • The primitive humans must have been ecologists of sorts – driven by the need to understand where and when their food and their enemies were to be found. (applied ecologists). ...
Chap 35 PP
... Competition for Resources Among Species • Coexistance through resource partitioning refers to instances in which two similar species use the same kinds of resources from the same habitat over an extended period of time but will divide the resources up such that neither of the species undergoes loca ...
... Competition for Resources Among Species • Coexistance through resource partitioning refers to instances in which two similar species use the same kinds of resources from the same habitat over an extended period of time but will divide the resources up such that neither of the species undergoes loca ...
Food Web Diameter: Two Degrees of Separation
... Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats.1-11 Such strong effects rarely propagate through food webs more than three links away from the initial perturbation.1-4 However ...
... Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats.1-11 Such strong effects rarely propagate through food webs more than three links away from the initial perturbation.1-4 However ...
The Science of Life
... Organisms are adapted to the abiotic factors in their natural environment. If an organism moves to a different location with a different set of abiotic factors, the organism must adjust, or it will die. .Levels of Organization The biosphere is too large to study all the relationships at one time. Sc ...
... Organisms are adapted to the abiotic factors in their natural environment. If an organism moves to a different location with a different set of abiotic factors, the organism must adjust, or it will die. .Levels of Organization The biosphere is too large to study all the relationships at one time. Sc ...
Extending the concept of keystone species to
... The concept of keystone species radically changed the field of ecology, exemplifying how ecological communities are more than just collections of species. A keystone species is defined as a species with key roles in community structure and/or ecosystem functioning (Mills et al. 1993; Power et al. 19 ...
... The concept of keystone species radically changed the field of ecology, exemplifying how ecological communities are more than just collections of species. A keystone species is defined as a species with key roles in community structure and/or ecosystem functioning (Mills et al. 1993; Power et al. 19 ...
habitat and landscape characteristics underlying anuran
... ecological patterns and processes on amphibian populations, little is known about the factors structuring amphibian communities in urban landscapes. We therefore examined amphibian community responses to wetland habitat availability and landscape characteristics along an urban–rural gradient in cent ...
... ecological patterns and processes on amphibian populations, little is known about the factors structuring amphibian communities in urban landscapes. We therefore examined amphibian community responses to wetland habitat availability and landscape characteristics along an urban–rural gradient in cent ...
Ecological morphospace of New World ants
... biology, and is often assumed in studies of ecological interactions and community assembly (Miles & Ricklefs, 1984). Morphology, the size and shape of an organism, reflects a combination of the differences in ecology and phylogenetic history of species (Wainwright & Reilly, 1994). Body size, arguabl ...
... biology, and is often assumed in studies of ecological interactions and community assembly (Miles & Ricklefs, 1984). Morphology, the size and shape of an organism, reflects a combination of the differences in ecology and phylogenetic history of species (Wainwright & Reilly, 1994). Body size, arguabl ...
Hybridization due to changing species distributions: adding
... divergence. Within this broad definition, hybridization occurs at many different levels ...
... divergence. Within this broad definition, hybridization occurs at many different levels ...
The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments
... Traditional ecological models have focused mainly on competition between plants, but recent research has shown that some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors, a phenomenon known as facilitation. There is increasing experimental evidence suggesting that facilitation has a place in mainstr ...
... Traditional ecological models have focused mainly on competition between plants, but recent research has shown that some plants benefit from closely associated neighbors, a phenomenon known as facilitation. There is increasing experimental evidence suggesting that facilitation has a place in mainstr ...
SresStTe 2 2 5 5 ` i ^ f £ £ S S ° fr ?\l Z- T f , V -
... may be infected by several species. It is commonly observed that mixedspecies infections are less frequent than expected by change in collections of host snails from natural populations. While several mechanisms might generate such negative associations, laboratory studies of freshwater snailtremato ...
... may be infected by several species. It is commonly observed that mixedspecies infections are less frequent than expected by change in collections of host snails from natural populations. While several mechanisms might generate such negative associations, laboratory studies of freshwater snailtremato ...
- New Zealand Ecological Society
... avian herbivores, the majority of which are now extinct. However, introduced birds are increasing in wetlands. We sought to understand the role of grazing birds in the maintenance of local turf communities in a lacustrine environment in Otago, New Zealand. To determine the causes of the vegetation p ...
... avian herbivores, the majority of which are now extinct. However, introduced birds are increasing in wetlands. We sought to understand the role of grazing birds in the maintenance of local turf communities in a lacustrine environment in Otago, New Zealand. To determine the causes of the vegetation p ...
Duffy 2008 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
... richness requires conserving a larger number Among 44 experiments, both the net effect of species richness on production (upper of species at the regional scale. All of these panel) and the magnitude of the diversity effect relative to the most productive considerations suggest that the apparent sat ...
... richness requires conserving a larger number Among 44 experiments, both the net effect of species richness on production (upper of species at the regional scale. All of these panel) and the magnitude of the diversity effect relative to the most productive considerations suggest that the apparent sat ...
AND SPECIES RICHNESS
... suggest thatpatternsarelikely scale dependent.Some of the disparityin perceived patternsmay be a consequenceof variationin the spatial scale of analyses. Efforts to determinethe relationshipbetween numberof species (or number of functional types, sensu 41) and the propertiesof ecosystems have increa ...
... suggest thatpatternsarelikely scale dependent.Some of the disparityin perceived patternsmay be a consequenceof variationin the spatial scale of analyses. Efforts to determinethe relationshipbetween numberof species (or number of functional types, sensu 41) and the propertiesof ecosystems have increa ...
Commonness, rarity, and intraspecific variation in traits and
... of individuals and species (White et al. 2012; Locey & White 2013). While this work impressively predicts the shape of the SAD, it is still unknown what factors control the commonness and rarity of individual species within the SAD. In other words, ecologists are still challenged by the question of: ...
... of individuals and species (White et al. 2012; Locey & White 2013). While this work impressively predicts the shape of the SAD, it is still unknown what factors control the commonness and rarity of individual species within the SAD. In other words, ecologists are still challenged by the question of: ...
Plant functional traits and the multidimensional nature of species
... but lay the groundwork for a theoretically justified trait-based community ecology. coexistence ...
... but lay the groundwork for a theoretically justified trait-based community ecology. coexistence ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.