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What is Ecology? S7L4 copyright cmassengale 1 Organisms and Their Environment copyright cmassengale 2 What is Ecology?? • The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. • It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in. copyright cmassengale 3 Habitat & Niche • Habitat is the place a plant or animal lives • Niche is an organism’s total way of life copyright cmassengale 4 The Nonliving Environment • Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment. • Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil. • Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life. copyright cmassengale 5 The Living Environment • Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment. • All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection. copyright cmassengale 6 Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic copyright cmassengale 7 Abiotic or Biotic? Abiotic copyright cmassengale 8 Abiotic or Biotic? Abiotic copyright cmassengale 9 Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic copyright cmassengale 10 Levels of Organization copyright cmassengale 11 Levels of Organization • Ecologists have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity. copyright cmassengale 12 1st Level of Organization • Organism: An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops copyright cmassengale 13 2nd Level of Organization • Population: A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time. copyright cmassengale 14 Population *Limiting Factor: Any Factor that can restrict population growth: Ex: food, fresh water, habitat, hunting, predation, etc. copyright cmassengale 15 Population • Carrying Capacity: The maximum number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support. copyright cmassengale 16 3rd Level of Organization • Biological Community: All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time. copyright cmassengale 17 4th Level of Organization • Ecosystem: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic) copyright cmassengale 18 5th Level of Organization • Biosphere: The portion of Earth that supports life. copyright cmassengale 19 The Biosphere • Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water. • The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things. copyright cmassengale 20 What level of organization? Organism copyright cmassengale 21 What level of Organization? Community copyright cmassengale 22 What level of Organization? Population copyright cmassengale 23 S7L4 D Categorize Relationships that are competitive or mutually beneficial copyright cmassengale 24 Interactions within Communities obtaining energy • Carnivore: Type of consumer that eats other animals • Herbivore: Type of consumer that eats plants. copyright cmassengale 25 Interactions within Communities obtaining energy • Omnivore: Type of consumer that eats plants and other animals. • Decomposer: Type of consumer that gets energy by breaking down dead organisms copyright cmassengale 26 Relationships Symbiosis: Close relationship between organisms of different species copyright cmassengale 27 Relationships Mutualism: Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit (+,+) copyright cmassengale 28 Relationships Parasitism: Symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, and the other species is harmed (+,-) copyright cmassengale 29 Relationships Commensalism: Symbiotic Relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected (+,0) copyright cmassengale 30 • Predator/Prey: The predator is the hunter, the prey is the hunted • Cooperation: Organisms of the same species “working together”. Ex. A Pride of lions hunting gazelle • Competition: Organisms competing to try to obtain the same resource copyright cmassengale 31 Relationships copyright cmassengale 32