![Ecological change, changing ecology](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/006351548_1-2d2188d5cd952ce34ea373251c4f7dc0-300x300.png)
Ecological change, changing ecology
... Applied ecology and conservation in the 21st century: Keynote presentation Wise use is a mantra in modern area planning in Norway. The Nature Diversity Act — established 2009 — provides new tools for decent, scientifically based and sustainable management. Every decision affecting area use in Norway ...
... Applied ecology and conservation in the 21st century: Keynote presentation Wise use is a mantra in modern area planning in Norway. The Nature Diversity Act — established 2009 — provides new tools for decent, scientifically based and sustainable management. Every decision affecting area use in Norway ...
Uso de la facilitación y plantas nodriza como técnica de reforestación
... practical side when applied to ecological restoration. In degraded habitats with extreme ...
... practical side when applied to ecological restoration. In degraded habitats with extreme ...
as a PDF
... and diversity should correlate with nutrient availability and net primary productivity, revealing a humped relationship with log substrate age (‘resource hypothesis’). Alternatively, (2) if accumulated speciation and biogeographical effects determine community structure, then local arthropod variabl ...
... and diversity should correlate with nutrient availability and net primary productivity, revealing a humped relationship with log substrate age (‘resource hypothesis’). Alternatively, (2) if accumulated speciation and biogeographical effects determine community structure, then local arthropod variabl ...
PII: S0020-7519(01) - University of Otago
... is yes, with at least two processes acting to generate associations between species of larval worms. First, since fish often acquire larval worms when they ingest infected prey, it is possible that the long-lived larval worms accumulate inside a fish as it grows. Indeed, there is much evidence that ...
... is yes, with at least two processes acting to generate associations between species of larval worms. First, since fish often acquire larval worms when they ingest infected prey, it is possible that the long-lived larval worms accumulate inside a fish as it grows. Indeed, there is much evidence that ...
Unit 4 : Ecosystems
... There are important differences between marine and freshwater biomes. The oceans occupy large continuous areas, while freshwater habitats vary in size from small ponds to lakes covering thousands of square kilometers. As a result, organisms that live in isolated and temporary freshwater environments ...
... There are important differences between marine and freshwater biomes. The oceans occupy large continuous areas, while freshwater habitats vary in size from small ponds to lakes covering thousands of square kilometers. As a result, organisms that live in isolated and temporary freshwater environments ...
S18-3 Causes of post-mating reproductive isolation in birds 1
... used in pre-mating reproductive isolation. For example, models of sexual selection have shown how correlated evolution of sexually selected traits and preferences for those traits can result in individuals from one population failing to recognize individuals from another as suitable mates (reviewed ...
... used in pre-mating reproductive isolation. For example, models of sexual selection have shown how correlated evolution of sexually selected traits and preferences for those traits can result in individuals from one population failing to recognize individuals from another as suitable mates (reviewed ...
Carrying Capacity, Populations and People
... Antarctica and the lunar surface all represent very low-quality, low-productivity habitats, and can support only very low population densities and low animal biomass. In the case of the moon, it can support no life at all, because it lacks an atmosphere and water and is subjected to brutal temperatu ...
... Antarctica and the lunar surface all represent very low-quality, low-productivity habitats, and can support only very low population densities and low animal biomass. In the case of the moon, it can support no life at all, because it lacks an atmosphere and water and is subjected to brutal temperatu ...
Estimating the tolerance of species to the effects
... Global environmental change is accelerating as anthropogenic effects are increasing over short time scales.1, 2 The effects of such unprecedented change are modifying the abundance, physiology, and geographic range of individual species,3, 4, 5 and also affecting species interactions with the potent ...
... Global environmental change is accelerating as anthropogenic effects are increasing over short time scales.1, 2 The effects of such unprecedented change are modifying the abundance, physiology, and geographic range of individual species,3, 4, 5 and also affecting species interactions with the potent ...
Assessing ecological specialization of an ant–seed dispersal
... Abstract. Specialization in species interactions is of central importance for understanding the ecological structure and evolution of plant–animal mutualisms. Most plant–animal mutualisms are facultative and strongly asymmetric. In particular, myrmecochory (seed dispersal by ants) has been regarded ...
... Abstract. Specialization in species interactions is of central importance for understanding the ecological structure and evolution of plant–animal mutualisms. Most plant–animal mutualisms are facultative and strongly asymmetric. In particular, myrmecochory (seed dispersal by ants) has been regarded ...
Resource partitioning as determining factor in structuring fish
... The simple niche measures can be good estimators of niche breadth and overlap of species. If the system under study is governed by competition for a single resource category, overall niche overlap may bear simple relation to interspecific competition because it summarizes concisely the cluster of di ...
... The simple niche measures can be good estimators of niche breadth and overlap of species. If the system under study is governed by competition for a single resource category, overall niche overlap may bear simple relation to interspecific competition because it summarizes concisely the cluster of di ...
Cultural Keystone Species: Implications for Ecological
... plays a keystone role; 2. controls. It is difficult to measure data from in situ experiments because of the many variables, known and unknown, in the field; 3. time. Long-term studies are required to determine patterns in species behavior; 4. ethical constraints. Certain tests to determine the exten ...
... plays a keystone role; 2. controls. It is difficult to measure data from in situ experiments because of the many variables, known and unknown, in the field; 3. time. Long-term studies are required to determine patterns in species behavior; 4. ethical constraints. Certain tests to determine the exten ...
Host-parasite interactions under extreme climatic conditions
... and hence transmission of the disease. In the case of suboptimal hosts the parasite can complete the life cycle and the disease can be transmitted, but not as efficiently as in the case of the specific host. In both cases the force of transmission is clearly reduced. An increase in the probability o ...
... and hence transmission of the disease. In the case of suboptimal hosts the parasite can complete the life cycle and the disease can be transmitted, but not as efficiently as in the case of the specific host. In both cases the force of transmission is clearly reduced. An increase in the probability o ...
Developmental Psychobiology: Chap4
... different from one another and adapted to different ways of life , were living on the islands. They were similar to finches on the American mainland and had an underlying similarity to one another (Lack , 1947) . They often displayed striking differences in morphology , however, such as bill shape a ...
... different from one another and adapted to different ways of life , were living on the islands. They were similar to finches on the American mainland and had an underlying similarity to one another (Lack , 1947) . They often displayed striking differences in morphology , however, such as bill shape a ...
Grassland Ecosystems - Sala Lab
... multiple definitions exist for what constitutes ‘‘biodiversity.’’ Nevertheless, the authors of the Global Biodiversity Assessment, using definitions originally proposed by the Convention on Biological Diversity, defined biological diversity as ‘‘variability among living organisms from all sources’’ ...
... multiple definitions exist for what constitutes ‘‘biodiversity.’’ Nevertheless, the authors of the Global Biodiversity Assessment, using definitions originally proposed by the Convention on Biological Diversity, defined biological diversity as ‘‘variability among living organisms from all sources’’ ...
Exotic Plant Species as Problems and Solutions in Ecological
... their invasion or are altered by them as they establish. There are several reasons why disturbances will promote invasive exotic species in plant communities, and an understanding of these may provide insight into management options. Physical disruption of the soil surface and exposure of soil to li ...
... their invasion or are altered by them as they establish. There are several reasons why disturbances will promote invasive exotic species in plant communities, and an understanding of these may provide insight into management options. Physical disruption of the soil surface and exposure of soil to li ...
review - Jordi Bascompte
... Moreover, network architecture is well known to strongly influence species persistence in other types of interaction networks. Food webs, for instance, tend to be organized in compartments, in which species within a compartment interact more frequently with each other than they do with species from ...
... Moreover, network architecture is well known to strongly influence species persistence in other types of interaction networks. Food webs, for instance, tend to be organized in compartments, in which species within a compartment interact more frequently with each other than they do with species from ...
Animal personalities: consequences for ecology and evolution
... mix of BT is crucial for establishment in new habitat and, hence, for the stability and persistence of a metapopulation ...
... mix of BT is crucial for establishment in new habitat and, hence, for the stability and persistence of a metapopulation ...
Faunal Diversity
... “New species are described annually, and a total head count never will be complete” (Williams and Neves 1992) ...
... “New species are described annually, and a total head count never will be complete” (Williams and Neves 1992) ...
SPAR SWG changes to Ramsar Criteria
... A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 1% of the individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of wetland-dependent nonavian animal species. Long-term target for the Ramsar List: A19. To have included in the Ramsar List all wetlands which regular ...
... A wetland should be considered internationally important if it regularly supports 1% of the individuals in a population of one species or subspecies of wetland-dependent nonavian animal species. Long-term target for the Ramsar List: A19. To have included in the Ramsar List all wetlands which regular ...
Mathematical Challenges in Spatial Ecology, Volume 48, Number 11
... biology that deals with organisms’ relations to one another and to the physical environment in which they live.” Examples of such relations are predator-prey interactions and plants competing for resources. Such interactions may be influenced by demographic and environmental fluctuations and occur o ...
... biology that deals with organisms’ relations to one another and to the physical environment in which they live.” Examples of such relations are predator-prey interactions and plants competing for resources. Such interactions may be influenced by demographic and environmental fluctuations and occur o ...
Marine range shifts and species introductions
... between native and non-native species (e.g. Levine et al., 2004; Zeidberg & Robison, 2007). The crucial difference, having ecological and evolutionary implications, is that primary donor and initially colonized recipient communities are regionally adjacent in range shifts but distant and separated i ...
... between native and non-native species (e.g. Levine et al., 2004; Zeidberg & Robison, 2007). The crucial difference, having ecological and evolutionary implications, is that primary donor and initially colonized recipient communities are regionally adjacent in range shifts but distant and separated i ...
Evolutionary Branching and Sympatric Speciation Caused by
... understanding this evolutionary process. In the first, subpopulations of a given species are thought to become geographically isolated, after which they follow separate evolutionary paths, eventually leading to different species that are reproductively isolated even after secondary contact (Mayr 196 ...
... understanding this evolutionary process. In the first, subpopulations of a given species are thought to become geographically isolated, after which they follow separate evolutionary paths, eventually leading to different species that are reproductively isolated even after secondary contact (Mayr 196 ...
Chapter 10 - Reserve Design
... conservation priorities depending on relative importance Provides conservation OPTIONS when planning reserves – not just one site, but differing combinations to achieve the same end This method therefore best fits the criterion of providing for offsets, and can also assist in planning for environmen ...
... conservation priorities depending on relative importance Provides conservation OPTIONS when planning reserves – not just one site, but differing combinations to achieve the same end This method therefore best fits the criterion of providing for offsets, and can also assist in planning for environmen ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.