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Stochastic species distributions are driven by organism size
... two drainage basins in 2009. We acknowledge that between-year variation in environmental conditions may increase the residual variation in the data that could not be controlled, likely resulting in lower model performance due to interannual variation. However, sampling of 100 lakes during a single s ...
... two drainage basins in 2009. We acknowledge that between-year variation in environmental conditions may increase the residual variation in the data that could not be controlled, likely resulting in lower model performance due to interannual variation. However, sampling of 100 lakes during a single s ...
two degrees of separation in complex food webs
... Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats.1-11 Such strong effects rarely propagate through food webs more than three links away from the initial perturbation.1-4 However ...
... Feeding relationships can cause invasions, extirpations, and population fluctuations of a species to dramatically affect other species within a variety of natural habitats.1-11 Such strong effects rarely propagate through food webs more than three links away from the initial perturbation.1-4 However ...
Mutualism or cooperation among competitors promotes coexistence
... and silent prisoner changes from stable, periodical to chaotic, depending on the gain value of defect prisoners when meeting silent ones. Koella (2000) found if the model parameters such as amount of cooperation, ...
... and silent prisoner changes from stable, periodical to chaotic, depending on the gain value of defect prisoners when meeting silent ones. Koella (2000) found if the model parameters such as amount of cooperation, ...
I. ECOLOGY ECOLOGY - definition ECOLOGY
... “The study of the patterns of nature and how those patterns came to be, and how they change in space and time” (Kingsland 1985) “The study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biological environment” (Ehrlich abd Roughgarden 1987) ...
... “The study of the patterns of nature and how those patterns came to be, and how they change in space and time” (Kingsland 1985) “The study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biological environment” (Ehrlich abd Roughgarden 1987) ...
Critical reading questions - College of Biological Sciences
... “potential” (uncertain or future), as indiFisheries Department 2004); thus, overexploitation has cated by the listing agency (Table 1). Major and minor the potential to be a major threat to both target and non- threats were not separated, as this information was not contarget species through direct ...
... “potential” (uncertain or future), as indiFisheries Department 2004); thus, overexploitation has cated by the listing agency (Table 1). Major and minor the potential to be a major threat to both target and non- threats were not separated, as this information was not contarget species through direct ...
Good Buddies
... ways. A very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: 1. Amensalism (- , 0) -- in this interaction, one specie ...
... ways. A very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: 1. Amensalism (- , 0) -- in this interaction, one specie ...
How humans drive speciation as well as extinction
... Humans have domesticated 474 animal and 269 plant species approximately over the last 11 000 years (figure 1) [32]. These species encompass a variety of different breeds spread across almost all countries in the world (figure 2b). Any species that has been domesticated is subjected to altered select ...
... Humans have domesticated 474 animal and 269 plant species approximately over the last 11 000 years (figure 1) [32]. These species encompass a variety of different breeds spread across almost all countries in the world (figure 2b). Any species that has been domesticated is subjected to altered select ...
The origin of higher taxa: macroevolutionary processes, and the
... Kemp, T. S. 2007. The origin of higher taxa: macroevolutionary processes, and the case of the mammals. — Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 88: 3–22 The origin of a new higher taxon is characterized by a long-term phylogenetic trend, involving evolutionary changes in a large number of characters. At this ph ...
... Kemp, T. S. 2007. The origin of higher taxa: macroevolutionary processes, and the case of the mammals. — Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 88: 3–22 The origin of a new higher taxon is characterized by a long-term phylogenetic trend, involving evolutionary changes in a large number of characters. At this ph ...
File - Mr Chang`s Science Hub
... Define ecological niche, adaptations, biotic and abiotic factors. Correct definitions Define population attributes, density, distribution etc. Correct definitions Define territories and home range. Correct definitions Define inter and intraspecific relationships. Correct definitions Structure and fu ...
... Define ecological niche, adaptations, biotic and abiotic factors. Correct definitions Define population attributes, density, distribution etc. Correct definitions Define territories and home range. Correct definitions Define inter and intraspecific relationships. Correct definitions Structure and fu ...
Effects of local adaptation and interspecific competition on species
... climate impact that include both factors. To identify possible dynamics of species when including these factors, we ran simulations of two competing species using an individual-based, coupled map–lattice model using a linear climatic gradient that varies across latitude and is warmed over time. Repr ...
... climate impact that include both factors. To identify possible dynamics of species when including these factors, we ran simulations of two competing species using an individual-based, coupled map–lattice model using a linear climatic gradient that varies across latitude and is warmed over time. Repr ...
Chapter 47 Kelp Forests and Seagrass Meadows
... New Hampshire and Maine in 1986 (Short et al., 1986). The effects of climate change on seagrasses are just beginning to be studied (Chust et al., 2013; Valle at al., 2014). Of the 72 species, 15 or 24 per cent (Short et al., 2011), are currently classified under the International Union for Conservat ...
... New Hampshire and Maine in 1986 (Short et al., 1986). The effects of climate change on seagrasses are just beginning to be studied (Chust et al., 2013; Valle at al., 2014). Of the 72 species, 15 or 24 per cent (Short et al., 2011), are currently classified under the International Union for Conservat ...
The Nonconcept of Species Diversity: A Critique and Alternative
... is inadequate because it is "insensitive to the rare have been adopted from information theory and species . . . [which may] play a substantial role in the justified by cursory reference to "uncertainty of enecosystem" (Sager and Hasler 1969) are as invalid counter" or by a dubious analogy between l ...
... is inadequate because it is "insensitive to the rare have been adopted from information theory and species . . . [which may] play a substantial role in the justified by cursory reference to "uncertainty of enecosystem" (Sager and Hasler 1969) are as invalid counter" or by a dubious analogy between l ...
preliminary ecological survey for the proposed luiperdshoek
... A detailed literature search was undertaken to assess the current status of the vegetation as well as threatened plant species as well as fauna that have been historically known to occur in the Pofadder study area (2819 DA & 2819 DB) quarter degree grid cells, within which the proposed Luiperdshoek ...
... A detailed literature search was undertaken to assess the current status of the vegetation as well as threatened plant species as well as fauna that have been historically known to occur in the Pofadder study area (2819 DA & 2819 DB) quarter degree grid cells, within which the proposed Luiperdshoek ...
Caddisfly diapause aggregations facilitate benthic invertebrate colonization
... 1. We used natural and manipulative field experiments to examine the effects of caddisfly (Trichoptera) diapause aggregations on benthic macroinvertebrates communities in a Vermont river. 2. Natural substrates with aggregations of Neophylax and Brachycentrus (Trichoptera: Uenoidae and Brachycentrida ...
... 1. We used natural and manipulative field experiments to examine the effects of caddisfly (Trichoptera) diapause aggregations on benthic macroinvertebrates communities in a Vermont river. 2. Natural substrates with aggregations of Neophylax and Brachycentrus (Trichoptera: Uenoidae and Brachycentrida ...
188 - UConn
... and cities in the surrounding lowlands (Fig. 1). Intercepting clouds, rain, and Saharan dust as these cross the Atlantic and make landfall in the Caribbean, the peaks of the Luquillo Mountains – El Yunque, El Toro, East Peak, and West Peak – capture resources to sustain coupled human and natural sys ...
... and cities in the surrounding lowlands (Fig. 1). Intercepting clouds, rain, and Saharan dust as these cross the Atlantic and make landfall in the Caribbean, the peaks of the Luquillo Mountains – El Yunque, El Toro, East Peak, and West Peak – capture resources to sustain coupled human and natural sys ...
Using Natural Range of Variation to Set Decision Thresholds: A
... this broad audience but also provide meaningful values, we present NRV information for one or two sites from four of the five major grassland types in the Great Plains (Fig. 8.2), separated by topoedaphic class within these sites when appropriate. ...
... this broad audience but also provide meaningful values, we present NRV information for one or two sites from four of the five major grassland types in the Great Plains (Fig. 8.2), separated by topoedaphic class within these sites when appropriate. ...
Genes to ecosystems: exploring the frontiers of
... Postulate 4 requires that a causal relationship be demonstrated, such that, when the gene(s) of interest or its expression is manipulated, predictable effects will be observed. Knock-ins, knock-outs, and up- and downregulation are molecular methods that are becoming increasingly feasible. Geneticall ...
... Postulate 4 requires that a causal relationship be demonstrated, such that, when the gene(s) of interest or its expression is manipulated, predictable effects will be observed. Knock-ins, knock-outs, and up- and downregulation are molecular methods that are becoming increasingly feasible. Geneticall ...
ecological correlates of residence and non
... (4) Resident species exhibited feeding site niche shifts in response to its own population density, higher densities promoting wider niches as theoretically expected. Non-residents did not show comparable shifts, although some degree of response to density was noted. (5) A canonical correlation anal ...
... (4) Resident species exhibited feeding site niche shifts in response to its own population density, higher densities promoting wider niches as theoretically expected. Non-residents did not show comparable shifts, although some degree of response to density was noted. (5) A canonical correlation anal ...
Perspectives on the Derivation of Aquatic Life Criteria for Pesticides
... • However, recently proposed California WQC for some pesticides are based on the HC1 because the most sensitive species falls below the HC5, regardless of the economic or recreational value of the species. We strong disagree with this proposal. Any pesticide with >20 tested species is expected to ...
... • However, recently proposed California WQC for some pesticides are based on the HC1 because the most sensitive species falls below the HC5, regardless of the economic or recreational value of the species. We strong disagree with this proposal. Any pesticide with >20 tested species is expected to ...
Species tolerance
... • Law of tolerance: the existence, abundance and distribution of a species in an ecosystem are (largely) determined by whether the levels of one or more factors (abiotic) falls within the range of tolerance • Tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors in part determines the range/distribution ...
... • Law of tolerance: the existence, abundance and distribution of a species in an ecosystem are (largely) determined by whether the levels of one or more factors (abiotic) falls within the range of tolerance • Tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors in part determines the range/distribution ...
Ranchers as a Keystone Species in a West That Works By Richard L
... current “highest and best uses” of the West, both private and public. Exurban development and outdoor recreation are presently the highest and best uses of the private and public lands, respectively, in today’s West.2,3 These land uses have replaced livestock grazing as the principle use of the West ...
... current “highest and best uses” of the West, both private and public. Exurban development and outdoor recreation are presently the highest and best uses of the private and public lands, respectively, in today’s West.2,3 These land uses have replaced livestock grazing as the principle use of the West ...
Illumination–size relationships of 109 coexisting
... 1 Competition for light is a central issue in ecological questions concerning forest tree differentiation and diversity. Here, using 213 106 individual stem records derived from a national survey in Ghana, West Africa, we examine the relationship between relative crown exposure, ontogeny and phyloge ...
... 1 Competition for light is a central issue in ecological questions concerning forest tree differentiation and diversity. Here, using 213 106 individual stem records derived from a national survey in Ghana, West Africa, we examine the relationship between relative crown exposure, ontogeny and phyloge ...
Ecological change, changing ecology
... Applied ecology and conservation in the 21st century: Keynote presentation Wise use is a mantra in modern area planning in Norway. The Nature Diversity Act — established 2009 — provides new tools for decent, scientifically based and sustainable management. Every decision affecting area use in Norway ...
... Applied ecology and conservation in the 21st century: Keynote presentation Wise use is a mantra in modern area planning in Norway. The Nature Diversity Act — established 2009 — provides new tools for decent, scientifically based and sustainable management. Every decision affecting area use in Norway ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.