Niche differentiation, rarity, and commonness in the Australian White
... population and environment rather than an attribute of an individual organism. But as a rule rarity is generally expressed using one or two of the following variables: abundance, range size, habitat specificity, temporal persistence, threat, gene flow, genetic diversity, endemism, taxonomic distinct ...
... population and environment rather than an attribute of an individual organism. But as a rule rarity is generally expressed using one or two of the following variables: abundance, range size, habitat specificity, temporal persistence, threat, gene flow, genetic diversity, endemism, taxonomic distinct ...
The ghosts of competition past - Oceanographic Environmental
... taxonomic groups include predation by sharks on pinnipeds (39,50), pinnipeds on sharks (1,16), and evidence of competition for the same food sources (2,59). However, little consideration has been given to clade interactions and whether competitive exclusion occurs or whether past competition (ghosts ...
... taxonomic groups include predation by sharks on pinnipeds (39,50), pinnipeds on sharks (1,16), and evidence of competition for the same food sources (2,59). However, little consideration has been given to clade interactions and whether competitive exclusion occurs or whether past competition (ghosts ...
Ecological communities in variable environments : dynamics
... stability and 2) biomass stability. Dynamical stability considers the existence of an equilibrium point (steady state) for a specific system, which can be either stable or unstable. After a small perturbation, a system will return to a stable equilibrium and diverge from an unstable one. Biomass sta ...
... stability and 2) biomass stability. Dynamical stability considers the existence of an equilibrium point (steady state) for a specific system, which can be either stable or unstable. After a small perturbation, a system will return to a stable equilibrium and diverge from an unstable one. Biomass sta ...
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00005.x Subject Editor: Carlos Melian. Accepted 10 July 2012
... of longer food chains (Pimm 1982). Although individual drivers such as ecosystem size are highly correlated with certain measures of food-web structure (Post et al. 2000), variation in food-web structure results from contextdependent interactions among these (and other) drivers operating at both lo ...
... of longer food chains (Pimm 1982). Although individual drivers such as ecosystem size are highly correlated with certain measures of food-web structure (Post et al. 2000), variation in food-web structure results from contextdependent interactions among these (and other) drivers operating at both lo ...
Biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem functioning
... Another interesting example that illustrates the studies being done in aquatic ecosystems of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is the work of Emmerson et al. (2001). This research has been performed in mesocosms containing a gradient of speciesrichness, using intertida ...
... Another interesting example that illustrates the studies being done in aquatic ecosystems of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is the work of Emmerson et al. (2001). This research has been performed in mesocosms containing a gradient of speciesrichness, using intertida ...
Hui y McGeoch 2006
... speciation is the origin of two or more species resulting from divergent evolution of populations that are geographically isolated from one another. Speciation through reproductive isolation that is a consequence of incompatibilities between different genes and traits (Gavrilets, 2004) is utilized i ...
... speciation is the origin of two or more species resulting from divergent evolution of populations that are geographically isolated from one another. Speciation through reproductive isolation that is a consequence of incompatibilities between different genes and traits (Gavrilets, 2004) is utilized i ...
Apparent competition and insect community structure: towards a
... competition can structure communities of herbivorous insects. This is not a side show: herbivorous insects and the natural-enemy food chains based on them may include more than 50% of all described species, a large proportion of the world’s biodiversity. Early attempts to address this question were ...
... competition can structure communities of herbivorous insects. This is not a side show: herbivorous insects and the natural-enemy food chains based on them may include more than 50% of all described species, a large proportion of the world’s biodiversity. Early attempts to address this question were ...
Food Web Theory and Ecological Restoration
... (Dobson et al. 2009; Hobbs et al. 2011). Ecological restoration is undertaken to hasten the recovery of damaged ecosystems, restore ecosystem function, and slow the declines of biodiversity. Ecological restoration in North America is historically rooted in plant community ecology: a perusal of the l ...
... (Dobson et al. 2009; Hobbs et al. 2011). Ecological restoration is undertaken to hasten the recovery of damaged ecosystems, restore ecosystem function, and slow the declines of biodiversity. Ecological restoration in North America is historically rooted in plant community ecology: a perusal of the l ...
Occasional species
... Simple descriptive statistics are presented for each species; the mean and median counts across all visits throughout the study period, maximum and minimum counts for the study period, and the month(s) in which the main peak(s) of abundance occurred. Statistical models of abundance were implemented ...
... Simple descriptive statistics are presented for each species; the mean and median counts across all visits throughout the study period, maximum and minimum counts for the study period, and the month(s) in which the main peak(s) of abundance occurred. Statistical models of abundance were implemented ...
Trade-offs and Biological Diversity: Integrative Answers to
... patterns of coexistence (e.g., Tessier et al. 2000; Agrawal 2001; M’Gonigle et al. 2012; see also Clark 2010), and thus understanding within-species trade-offs and variation is also important for our understanding of patterns of diversity (Box 18.2). I begin with case studies and finish with a discu ...
... patterns of coexistence (e.g., Tessier et al. 2000; Agrawal 2001; M’Gonigle et al. 2012; see also Clark 2010), and thus understanding within-species trade-offs and variation is also important for our understanding of patterns of diversity (Box 18.2). I begin with case studies and finish with a discu ...
Species at Risk Database Management System
... Canadians, its 14-15 subpopulations range from northeastern Alaska to western Hudson Bay and Baffin Island. Numbering more than 2 million individuals in the early 1990s, the current population is estimated at about 800,000. Most subpopulations have declined dramatically, but two are increasing, incl ...
... Canadians, its 14-15 subpopulations range from northeastern Alaska to western Hudson Bay and Baffin Island. Numbering more than 2 million individuals in the early 1990s, the current population is estimated at about 800,000. Most subpopulations have declined dramatically, but two are increasing, incl ...
full text - Library
... negative interactions shifts from facilitation towards competition (Holmgren et al. 1997; Holmgren & Scheffer 2010). Shifts from facilitative to competitive interactions have been documented in several arid ecosystems (Tielbörger & Kadmon 2000; Maestre & Cortina 2004; Callaway 2007). Facilitation i ...
... negative interactions shifts from facilitation towards competition (Holmgren et al. 1997; Holmgren & Scheffer 2010). Shifts from facilitative to competitive interactions have been documented in several arid ecosystems (Tielbörger & Kadmon 2000; Maestre & Cortina 2004; Callaway 2007). Facilitation i ...
The Genus Clusia L. - Ruhr
... The outgroup species Hypericum calycinum (L.) exceeds these ranges, exhibiting an ITS1 length of 244 bp and an ITS2 length of 231 bp. The 5.8S DNA consists of 156 bp (sites 278 to 433) and is highly conserved in all species, and only eleven 1 bp variants could be detected. We also found the conserve ...
... The outgroup species Hypericum calycinum (L.) exceeds these ranges, exhibiting an ITS1 length of 244 bp and an ITS2 length of 231 bp. The 5.8S DNA consists of 156 bp (sites 278 to 433) and is highly conserved in all species, and only eleven 1 bp variants could be detected. We also found the conserve ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF MACROLEPIDOPTERA
... eta () diversity in communities of herbivorous insects figures prominently in debates about global biodiversity patterns. Erwin’s (1982) famous estimate of global insect species richness, and subsequent revisions (e.g., Novotny et al. 2002) are based on the turnover of herbivore communities betwee ...
... eta () diversity in communities of herbivorous insects figures prominently in debates about global biodiversity patterns. Erwin’s (1982) famous estimate of global insect species richness, and subsequent revisions (e.g., Novotny et al. 2002) are based on the turnover of herbivore communities betwee ...
Parasites, emerging disease and wildlife conservation
... et al., 2003). Many small and medium sized mammal species, for example, that were once widespread across the continent are now restricted to isolated areas in the south west or on off-shore islands. In the last 10 years there has been a further decline of many of these native mammals, with evidence ...
... et al., 2003). Many small and medium sized mammal species, for example, that were once widespread across the continent are now restricted to isolated areas in the south west or on off-shore islands. In the last 10 years there has been a further decline of many of these native mammals, with evidence ...
O Salamanders in a Changing Environment on Hemlock Hill Brooks Mathewson
... The eastern red-backed salamander is the only one of these that is a fully terrestrial breeder. Since amphibian eggs do not have calcareous shells, they are vulnerable to desiccation; therefore, most species deposit their eggs in aquatic environments where they pass through a gill-bearing larval sta ...
... The eastern red-backed salamander is the only one of these that is a fully terrestrial breeder. Since amphibian eggs do not have calcareous shells, they are vulnerable to desiccation; therefore, most species deposit their eggs in aquatic environments where they pass through a gill-bearing larval sta ...
Feral Cats - American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians
... Background: Feral cats (Felis domesticus) are defined in this resolution as freeroaming or non-pet domestic cats. Feral cats are common worldwide and constitute a non-native, detrimental predator of native wildlife including birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Animal welfare, animal rights, an ...
... Background: Feral cats (Felis domesticus) are defined in this resolution as freeroaming or non-pet domestic cats. Feral cats are common worldwide and constitute a non-native, detrimental predator of native wildlife including birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Animal welfare, animal rights, an ...
Waxcap in template - Denbighshire County Council
... with fine striations and a greasy appearance and pinky-white gills. In Wales, they have been observed as late in the year as December but a hard frost will immediately bring fruiting to an end. As they age, the cap expands causing the margin to split and flick upwards earning them the colloquial na ...
... with fine striations and a greasy appearance and pinky-white gills. In Wales, they have been observed as late in the year as December but a hard frost will immediately bring fruiting to an end. As they age, the cap expands causing the margin to split and flick upwards earning them the colloquial na ...
Northeast - Trout Unlimited
... and spread of non-native species. Historical fisheries management was often focused on diversifying fishing opportunities for anglers, resulting in the introduction of various species from other regions in the United States and across the world. One of the biggest threats to native trout in the Nort ...
... and spread of non-native species. Historical fisheries management was often focused on diversifying fishing opportunities for anglers, resulting in the introduction of various species from other regions in the United States and across the world. One of the biggest threats to native trout in the Nort ...
Pragmatic population viability targets in a rapidly changing world
... But are people really listening to the key, inconvenient truths that emerge here? The present-day increase in the rate of extinction is rapid and can be principally attributed to an explosion of modern human activity (IUCN, 2008). In response to the perceived biotic crisis that looms as a result (Eh ...
... But are people really listening to the key, inconvenient truths that emerge here? The present-day increase in the rate of extinction is rapid and can be principally attributed to an explosion of modern human activity (IUCN, 2008). In response to the perceived biotic crisis that looms as a result (Eh ...
Integrated Ecological- Economic Models
... (e) climate change. Habitat change follows from humans transforming 50% of Earth’s icefree land surface to agricultural and urban usage (Chapin et al. 2000), appropriating 54% of the available fresh water (Postel et al. 1996) and 40% of vegetation’s net primary production (Vitousek et al. 1986). The ...
... (e) climate change. Habitat change follows from humans transforming 50% of Earth’s icefree land surface to agricultural and urban usage (Chapin et al. 2000), appropriating 54% of the available fresh water (Postel et al. 1996) and 40% of vegetation’s net primary production (Vitousek et al. 1986). The ...
Waterbirds of Upper Spencer Gulf
... For the purposes of this study Upper Spencer Gulf is defined as the gulf waters north of an east–west line near Point Jarrold (Figure O4.1). However, it is recognised that impacts to the marine environment in this region have the potential to affect waterbirds throughout the remainder of the Gulf. A ...
... For the purposes of this study Upper Spencer Gulf is defined as the gulf waters north of an east–west line near Point Jarrold (Figure O4.1). However, it is recognised that impacts to the marine environment in this region have the potential to affect waterbirds throughout the remainder of the Gulf. A ...
community - canesbio
... • Dominant species are those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass. • Biomass is the total mass of all individuals in a population. • Dominant species exert powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species. ...
... • Dominant species are those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass. • Biomass is the total mass of all individuals in a population. • Dominant species exert powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species. ...
Coastal and sub-coastal wet heath swamps
... for cultural activities. The most commonly recorded sites associated with coastal and sub-coastal wet heath swamps are middens and stone artefact scatters associated with occupation sites (for example open camps). Occupation sites are often found in areas of higher open ground within or adjacent to ...
... for cultural activities. The most commonly recorded sites associated with coastal and sub-coastal wet heath swamps are middens and stone artefact scatters associated with occupation sites (for example open camps). Occupation sites are often found in areas of higher open ground within or adjacent to ...
IMPLICATIONS OF PLANT DIVERSITY AND SOIL CHEMICAL
... The globalization of earth’s biota is transforming local and regional floras and faunas. Both intentional and accidental introductions of many species are altering community composition and ecology of long-established biological communities (Davis 2003). Although not all introduced plants become inv ...
... The globalization of earth’s biota is transforming local and regional floras and faunas. Both intentional and accidental introductions of many species are altering community composition and ecology of long-established biological communities (Davis 2003). Although not all introduced plants become inv ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.