fire and nonnative invasive plants
... not succeed in another (McPherson 2001). Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), a nonnative biennial herb, provides an example of a species with fire responses that vary with fire regime characteristics and with the plant community being treated. In an Illinois oak (Quercus spp.) forest, spring fires ...
... not succeed in another (McPherson 2001). Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), a nonnative biennial herb, provides an example of a species with fire responses that vary with fire regime characteristics and with the plant community being treated. In an Illinois oak (Quercus spp.) forest, spring fires ...
American Scientist - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... Another challenge for trees is to maximize pollination efficiency. This is especially true for wind-pollinated trees that are primarily outcrossing (rather than self-fertilizing), such as oaks, pines and the majority of tree species in the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Thi ...
... Another challenge for trees is to maximize pollination efficiency. This is especially true for wind-pollinated trees that are primarily outcrossing (rather than self-fertilizing), such as oaks, pines and the majority of tree species in the temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Thi ...
Oviposition preference and life history traits in cactophilic Drosophila
... hosts. Negative correlations may impose a genetic constraint to niche expansion (Rausher, 1984, 1988; Diehl and Bush, 1989), and non signi®cant correlations among hosts may not be a sucient cause for the expansion to new niches since it could be limited by ecological, behavioral and/or phylogenetic ...
... hosts. Negative correlations may impose a genetic constraint to niche expansion (Rausher, 1984, 1988; Diehl and Bush, 1989), and non signi®cant correlations among hosts may not be a sucient cause for the expansion to new niches since it could be limited by ecological, behavioral and/or phylogenetic ...
draft - Lord Howe Island
... Sydney and published in 1983 identified 26 vegetation associations. In this instance a >vegetation association= refers to Acommunities of separate species which, because of common environmental (and inter-specific) requirements, occur together. They are usually described by reference to the dominant ...
... Sydney and published in 1983 identified 26 vegetation associations. In this instance a >vegetation association= refers to Acommunities of separate species which, because of common environmental (and inter-specific) requirements, occur together. They are usually described by reference to the dominant ...
Small Mammals in Mbeere, Kenya
... of loss and modification of these habitats is land use practice and has increasingly been implicated in declining biodiversity in recent decades (Soul’e, 1991). Direct loss of species from land varying in use may result from altered habitat conditions or may occur indirectly when animals move out in ...
... of loss and modification of these habitats is land use practice and has increasingly been implicated in declining biodiversity in recent decades (Soul’e, 1991). Direct loss of species from land varying in use may result from altered habitat conditions or may occur indirectly when animals move out in ...
28.3 What Are The Effects Of Predator–Prey Interactions?
... 28.1 Why Are Interactions In Ecological Communities Important? Community interactions influence evolutionary change. • When members of different populations interact with one another, they may influence each other’s ability to survive and reproduce. • Community interactions, therefore, serve as a ...
... 28.1 Why Are Interactions In Ecological Communities Important? Community interactions influence evolutionary change. • When members of different populations interact with one another, they may influence each other’s ability to survive and reproduce. • Community interactions, therefore, serve as a ...
Using species distribution and occupancy modeling to guide survey
... to biodiversity and species persistence (Brooks et al. 2002; Stuart et al. 2004; Vitousek, Mooney, Lubchenco, & Melillo 1997). Populations of species at the edge of their natural range limit may be particularly susceptible due to limited opportunities for recolonisation following local extinction (B ...
... to biodiversity and species persistence (Brooks et al. 2002; Stuart et al. 2004; Vitousek, Mooney, Lubchenco, & Melillo 1997). Populations of species at the edge of their natural range limit may be particularly susceptible due to limited opportunities for recolonisation following local extinction (B ...
Savanna herbivore dynamics in a livestock
... wildlife long before the first District-wide ungulate census in 1985. However, increasing habitation, cultivation, and livestock cannot directly account for wild herbivore declines on pro-wildlife ranches, where habitation and cultivation have remained negligible, and livestock densities have not in ...
... wildlife long before the first District-wide ungulate census in 1985. However, increasing habitation, cultivation, and livestock cannot directly account for wild herbivore declines on pro-wildlife ranches, where habitation and cultivation have remained negligible, and livestock densities have not in ...
Model Code of Practice for the Humane Control of Foxes
... The fox has long been recognised as a serious threat to Australian native fauna. Native Australian fauna did not evolve with the fox and hence have few predation avoidance strategies; a problem further compounded by habitat fragmentation since European settlement. For example, foxes have been identi ...
... The fox has long been recognised as a serious threat to Australian native fauna. Native Australian fauna did not evolve with the fox and hence have few predation avoidance strategies; a problem further compounded by habitat fragmentation since European settlement. For example, foxes have been identi ...
Final report Fishing Impact on Benthic Communities
... wayline had significantly higher stomach content weights per unit body mass than those from the control area. No such difference occurred for P. prideaux. The diets of the two species were similar, including crustaceans, polychaetes and molluscs, although the ranked importance of each type of prey d ...
... wayline had significantly higher stomach content weights per unit body mass than those from the control area. No such difference occurred for P. prideaux. The diets of the two species were similar, including crustaceans, polychaetes and molluscs, although the ranked importance of each type of prey d ...
Plant Species Diversity and Management of Temperate Forage and
... culus acris L.). Most of the weedy grasses and forbs were typical of low soil fertility conditions (Cooper et al., 1929). A recent survey also showed dominance by Poa and white clover in northeastern grazing lands (Tracy and Sanderson, 2000); however, the dominant weedy species included quackgrass [ ...
... culus acris L.). Most of the weedy grasses and forbs were typical of low soil fertility conditions (Cooper et al., 1929). A recent survey also showed dominance by Poa and white clover in northeastern grazing lands (Tracy and Sanderson, 2000); however, the dominant weedy species included quackgrass [ ...
Studies and reconstructions of dire wolf (Canis dirus) and Grey wolf
... than a raccoon, which is probably a good ecological model for some borophagines at a time when procyonids had yet to diversify. After some transitional forms in the early Miocene (Hemingfordian), such as Cormocyon and Desmocyon, borophagines achieved their maximum ecological and numerical (i.e. spec ...
... than a raccoon, which is probably a good ecological model for some borophagines at a time when procyonids had yet to diversify. After some transitional forms in the early Miocene (Hemingfordian), such as Cormocyon and Desmocyon, borophagines achieved their maximum ecological and numerical (i.e. spec ...
Mt. Mansfield Amphibian Monitoring Update 2012
... not be subject to overwintering mortality. Also, unlike Wood Frogs and Spring Peepers, it does not require wetlands in any stage of its development, so hydroperiod or other conditions in breeding ponds would not have any direct impact on their numbers. Spotted Salamander The Spotted Salamander has a ...
... not be subject to overwintering mortality. Also, unlike Wood Frogs and Spring Peepers, it does not require wetlands in any stage of its development, so hydroperiod or other conditions in breeding ponds would not have any direct impact on their numbers. Spotted Salamander The Spotted Salamander has a ...
A trait-based approach to community assembly
... communities along a one-dimensional gradient. This gradient reflects the integrated effects of multiple environmental factors, as well as dispersal limitation or other historical factors that may shape the species composition of the communities in question. It also incorporates the contributions of ...
... communities along a one-dimensional gradient. This gradient reflects the integrated effects of multiple environmental factors, as well as dispersal limitation or other historical factors that may shape the species composition of the communities in question. It also incorporates the contributions of ...
The Pinto Abalone Deserves Protection Under the Endangered
... Why does the pinto abalone need the protection of the U.S. Endangered Species Act? Pinto abalone reproduce by broadcast spawning, which is when adults cluster together and release their sperm and eggs into the water. Obviously, this reproductive strategy depends on a certain density of animals to s ...
... Why does the pinto abalone need the protection of the U.S. Endangered Species Act? Pinto abalone reproduce by broadcast spawning, which is when adults cluster together and release their sperm and eggs into the water. Obviously, this reproductive strategy depends on a certain density of animals to s ...
Snags, Coarse Woody Debris, and Wildlife
... The cheapest and best method for managing these resources is to retain them where they exist, and allow natural processes to continue recruiting new material into each forested stand. Where forestland is being managed or has experienced intensive management in the recent past, this practice ofte ...
... The cheapest and best method for managing these resources is to retain them where they exist, and allow natural processes to continue recruiting new material into each forested stand. Where forestland is being managed or has experienced intensive management in the recent past, this practice ofte ...
Disentangling effects of abiotic factors and biotic interactions on
... carabids due to its direct associations with habitat management42, including the application of agro-chemicals that are known to exert a strong controlling effect on both these taxa39. The strong association between species compositions of plants and carabids with neighboring semi-natural habitats c ...
... carabids due to its direct associations with habitat management42, including the application of agro-chemicals that are known to exert a strong controlling effect on both these taxa39. The strong association between species compositions of plants and carabids with neighboring semi-natural habitats c ...
Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of
... Macaranga is one of the world’s largest genera of pioneer trees (Whitmore, 1984). It comprises 280 species with a range stretching from West Africa through Asia to the Fiji Islands (Whitmore, 1969). In Asia, at least, Macaranga are trees mainly of humid forest with the centre of their distribution i ...
... Macaranga is one of the world’s largest genera of pioneer trees (Whitmore, 1984). It comprises 280 species with a range stretching from West Africa through Asia to the Fiji Islands (Whitmore, 1969). In Asia, at least, Macaranga are trees mainly of humid forest with the centre of their distribution i ...
Ecological Risk Assessment
... 2 Fishing occurs in 24% of the 770,000 km2 NPF managed area for about 3 months each year => Population size likely to be affected before major changes in other sub-components => this species of catfish is likely to be most affected by fishing as it's been identified as the bycatch species most at ri ...
... 2 Fishing occurs in 24% of the 770,000 km2 NPF managed area for about 3 months each year => Population size likely to be affected before major changes in other sub-components => this species of catfish is likely to be most affected by fishing as it's been identified as the bycatch species most at ri ...
Potential value of indicator species for conservation
... The use of indicator species is reviewed within a context of the need for broader understanding of biological systems and the effects of management on biodiversity. Current theory and practice is used to evaluate approaches to the knowledge gaps that exist. It is concluded that the understanding nee ...
... The use of indicator species is reviewed within a context of the need for broader understanding of biological systems and the effects of management on biodiversity. Current theory and practice is used to evaluate approaches to the knowledge gaps that exist. It is concluded that the understanding nee ...
File
... Paine removed Pisaster, an uncommon starfish, and measured species diversity. He found species diversity dropped dramatically when Pisaster was not present. From this, we can conclude that a) uncommon species are more vital to the community than common species. b) predators are more vital to the com ...
... Paine removed Pisaster, an uncommon starfish, and measured species diversity. He found species diversity dropped dramatically when Pisaster was not present. From this, we can conclude that a) uncommon species are more vital to the community than common species. b) predators are more vital to the com ...
Conservation Systematics: The Bufo boreas Species Group
... that can have a near infinite number of hierarchical levels. Even so, many conservation efforts are based on the species rank—it is seen as the fundamental unit of evolution and therefore as the fundamental unit for conservation (e.g., Wilson, 1992; Caughley and Gunn, 1996). However, conservation ef ...
... that can have a near infinite number of hierarchical levels. Even so, many conservation efforts are based on the species rank—it is seen as the fundamental unit of evolution and therefore as the fundamental unit for conservation (e.g., Wilson, 1992; Caughley and Gunn, 1996). However, conservation ef ...
Biodiversity in grasslands: current changes and scenarios for the
... and Lauenroth, 2001). In summary, a spatially-explicit view of community and ecosystems allows new perspectives for processes (i.e. dispersal, population dynamics, and plantplant and plant animal interactions) and functions (i.e. soil organic matter dynamics, and water and nutrient circulation). W ...
... and Lauenroth, 2001). In summary, a spatially-explicit view of community and ecosystems allows new perspectives for processes (i.e. dispersal, population dynamics, and plantplant and plant animal interactions) and functions (i.e. soil organic matter dynamics, and water and nutrient circulation). W ...
Undetected Species Losses, Food Webs, and
... promotes coyote numbers, then a top-down effect on fawn survival may be prominent (Berger, 2007). Still, the role of potentially important bottom-up drivers, such as L. townsendii, requires clarification, something that will not occur when species are extirpated and, moreover, when their loss is unk ...
... promotes coyote numbers, then a top-down effect on fawn survival may be prominent (Berger, 2007). Still, the role of potentially important bottom-up drivers, such as L. townsendii, requires clarification, something that will not occur when species are extirpated and, moreover, when their loss is unk ...
Chapter 50: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
... 3) Distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment. 4) Distinguish among organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, and landscape ecology. 5) Clarify the difference between ecology and environmentalism. 6) Define biogeography. 7) Describe the q ...
... 3) Distinguish between abiotic and biotic components of the environment. 4) Distinguish among organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, and landscape ecology. 5) Clarify the difference between ecology and environmentalism. 6) Define biogeography. 7) Describe the q ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.