Plant functional traits and the multidimensional nature of species
... cologists have long understood that phenotypic differences between species play an important role in maintaining species diversity within communities (1, 2). Differences in bill shape, body size, or rooting depth are often hypothesized to reduce interspecific relative to intraspecific competition an ...
... cologists have long understood that phenotypic differences between species play an important role in maintaining species diversity within communities (1, 2). Differences in bill shape, body size, or rooting depth are often hypothesized to reduce interspecific relative to intraspecific competition an ...
FOOD WEBS
... origin of ideas—and that the lessons it teaches may yield insights into present science. To those who read this reprint with history in mind I wish only the best. It is not my reason for this reprint’s existence. In the twenty years since this book was published, we have added two billion humans to ...
... origin of ideas—and that the lessons it teaches may yield insights into present science. To those who read this reprint with history in mind I wish only the best. It is not my reason for this reprint’s existence. In the twenty years since this book was published, we have added two billion humans to ...
Quantifying the Contribution of Organisms to the Provision of
... The SPU concept evolved from the recognition that documenting changes in population diversity is a more comprehensive assessment of biodiversity status than a focus solely on changes in species richness or composition (Hughes et al. 1997). To conserve population diversity, we need to define the spat ...
... The SPU concept evolved from the recognition that documenting changes in population diversity is a more comprehensive assessment of biodiversity status than a focus solely on changes in species richness or composition (Hughes et al. 1997). To conserve population diversity, we need to define the spat ...
Palm Springs pocket mouse - Center for Biological Diversity
... The species is the smallest of the Heteromyidae family that also includes kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, and spiny pocket mice. The Palm Springs pocket mouse was originally described by Mearns (1898) with the type locality in Palm Springs. Life Cycle: Pocket mice of the P. longimembris group are noct ...
... The species is the smallest of the Heteromyidae family that also includes kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, and spiny pocket mice. The Palm Springs pocket mouse was originally described by Mearns (1898) with the type locality in Palm Springs. Life Cycle: Pocket mice of the P. longimembris group are noct ...
Changes in plant community composition, not diversity, during a
... varied significantly over time for only J (Table 1). Over time, N alone reduced S and increased J from 2006 to 2009 and as a consequence H0 increased from 2006 to 2008 (Appendix S2). The effects of P on J over time depended on the amount of P added, where in 2007 and 2008, there was higher J in plots ...
... varied significantly over time for only J (Table 1). Over time, N alone reduced S and increased J from 2006 to 2009 and as a consequence H0 increased from 2006 to 2008 (Appendix S2). The effects of P on J over time depended on the amount of P added, where in 2007 and 2008, there was higher J in plots ...
Draft MSAP Benguela Seabirds - Annexes 1 and 2 only
... Lack of preferred prey species, and consequent reliance by some species/populations on lowerquality prey, is one of the main factors behind low breeding success of the African Penguin, Cape Gannet and Cape and Bank Cormorants (Lewis et al. 2006; Roy et al., 2007; Coetzee et al., 2008; Gremillet et a ...
... Lack of preferred prey species, and consequent reliance by some species/populations on lowerquality prey, is one of the main factors behind low breeding success of the African Penguin, Cape Gannet and Cape and Bank Cormorants (Lewis et al. 2006; Roy et al., 2007; Coetzee et al., 2008; Gremillet et a ...
Comparative phylogeography of codistributed species of Chilean
... The western slope of the central Chilean Andes exhibits some historical and physical features suitable for these kinds of studies because the region is characterized by extreme topographic relief, high species endemism in multiple groups (Smith-Ramirez 2004), and it has experienced a complex palaeoc ...
... The western slope of the central Chilean Andes exhibits some historical and physical features suitable for these kinds of studies because the region is characterized by extreme topographic relief, high species endemism in multiple groups (Smith-Ramirez 2004), and it has experienced a complex palaeoc ...
Predicting native plant succession through woody weeds in Mew
... Predicting the persistence of woody weed species is a crucial, yet little studied, area of invasive plant management. In a world where plant invasions are ever-increasing and, commonly, resources to manage those invasions are decreasing, the ability to determine which species do not need to be activ ...
... Predicting the persistence of woody weed species is a crucial, yet little studied, area of invasive plant management. In a world where plant invasions are ever-increasing and, commonly, resources to manage those invasions are decreasing, the ability to determine which species do not need to be activ ...
Ver PDF - Centro IDEAL
... [9]. These habitats usually show sharp seasonal changes in physical conditions, because winter storms can remove large amounts of sand from the beach, hold them in suspension, and then deposit them offshore [10,11]. This swell-related erosion result leads to a decrease in beach profile of wave-expos ...
... [9]. These habitats usually show sharp seasonal changes in physical conditions, because winter storms can remove large amounts of sand from the beach, hold them in suspension, and then deposit them offshore [10,11]. This swell-related erosion result leads to a decrease in beach profile of wave-expos ...
assessing the impacts of weeds on biodiversity
... black-breasted button-quail Turnix melanogaster in remnant vine scrub between hoop pine plantation and agriculture. EMU 98, 171-177. Swarbrick, J. T., Willson, B. W. and Hannan-Jones, M. A. (1998) Lantana camara L. The ...
... black-breasted button-quail Turnix melanogaster in remnant vine scrub between hoop pine plantation and agriculture. EMU 98, 171-177. Swarbrick, J. T., Willson, B. W. and Hannan-Jones, M. A. (1998) Lantana camara L. The ...
Density-dependence in common tree species in a tropical dry forest
... However, tree species seldom attain such high densities in mixed-species communities, particularly in speciesrich communities such as tropical forests, where most tree species are infrequent or rare. Are such species also regulated by density-dependent effects? It has been argued further that plants ...
... However, tree species seldom attain such high densities in mixed-species communities, particularly in speciesrich communities such as tropical forests, where most tree species are infrequent or rare. Are such species also regulated by density-dependent effects? It has been argued further that plants ...
Positive interactions in ecology: filling the fundamental niche
... conditions of the habitats. However, whether the new range of conditions experienced by the recipient species is greater than that predicted by the fundamental niche is uncertain because, in most cases, we do not even know what is the fundamental niche. Facilitation may lead to an increase in size o ...
... conditions of the habitats. However, whether the new range of conditions experienced by the recipient species is greater than that predicted by the fundamental niche is uncertain because, in most cases, we do not even know what is the fundamental niche. Facilitation may lead to an increase in size o ...
Review Functional morphology as an aid in determining trophic
... have included mites in their food web analyses, but made no attempt to determine their trophic relationships and simply relegated all non-predaceous species to common trophic categories (Kitching and Callaghan, 1982; Beaver, 1983, 1985; Kitching, 1983). It is undoubtedly due to their small size that ...
... have included mites in their food web analyses, but made no attempt to determine their trophic relationships and simply relegated all non-predaceous species to common trophic categories (Kitching and Callaghan, 1982; Beaver, 1983, 1985; Kitching, 1983). It is undoubtedly due to their small size that ...
Genes to ecosystems: exploring the frontiers of
... impacted is probably caused by key quantitative traits of the foundation species, such as condensed tannins in cottonwoods, which, in turn, may have cascading effects on the community structure and ecosystem processes (Schweitzer et al., 2008a,b). Postulate 2 requires that the trait whose effect is ...
... impacted is probably caused by key quantitative traits of the foundation species, such as condensed tannins in cottonwoods, which, in turn, may have cascading effects on the community structure and ecosystem processes (Schweitzer et al., 2008a,b). Postulate 2 requires that the trait whose effect is ...
Important Bird Areas in Namibia - Environmental Information Service
... IBA sites are selected taking into account the existing protected area network and conservation areas. In many cases these areas will form the backbone of the IBA network, with additional sites proposed to fill in the gaps. This has been the case in Namibia. As well as including individual sites whi ...
... IBA sites are selected taking into account the existing protected area network and conservation areas. In many cases these areas will form the backbone of the IBA network, with additional sites proposed to fill in the gaps. This has been the case in Namibia. As well as including individual sites whi ...
Experimental evidence for indirect facilitation among invasive plants
... 1. Facilitation among species may promote non-native plant invasions through alteration of environmental conditions, enemies or mutualists. However, the role of non-trophic indirect facilitation in invasions has rarely been examined. 2. We used a long-term field experiment to test for indirect facili ...
... 1. Facilitation among species may promote non-native plant invasions through alteration of environmental conditions, enemies or mutualists. However, the role of non-trophic indirect facilitation in invasions has rarely been examined. 2. We used a long-term field experiment to test for indirect facili ...
pdf
... contrary, when fish abundance was lower, fish species were specializing on C. volutator, resulting in a narrowed niche. As most fishes were feeding on few prey species, niche overlap was generally high between species. A significant niche overlap was found between flounder and sole in summer. Direct ...
... contrary, when fish abundance was lower, fish species were specializing on C. volutator, resulting in a narrowed niche. As most fishes were feeding on few prey species, niche overlap was generally high between species. A significant niche overlap was found between flounder and sole in summer. Direct ...
Wolf Interactions with Other Species
... In a discussion of the ecosystem effects of wolves, Mech and Boitani wrote that wolves influence other ecosystem components and processes like other species, but they do it in a more conspicuous way. The researchers listed five primary effects of wolves on ecosystems. These were sanitation (culling ...
... In a discussion of the ecosystem effects of wolves, Mech and Boitani wrote that wolves influence other ecosystem components and processes like other species, but they do it in a more conspicuous way. The researchers listed five primary effects of wolves on ecosystems. These were sanitation (culling ...
Growth Rings in the Roots of Temperate Forbs are Robust Annual
... decade (e.g., Dietz and Ullmann, 1997, 1998; Dietz and Fattorini, 2002; Dietz and von Arx, 2005; von Arx and Dietz, 2005). The anatomical basis of annual growth increments (hereafter referred to as “annual rings”) in the roots of forbs is the formation of earlywood vessels with large lumina in sprin ...
... decade (e.g., Dietz and Ullmann, 1997, 1998; Dietz and Fattorini, 2002; Dietz and von Arx, 2005; von Arx and Dietz, 2005). The anatomical basis of annual growth increments (hereafter referred to as “annual rings”) in the roots of forbs is the formation of earlywood vessels with large lumina in sprin ...
Traits underpinning desiccation resistance explain distribution
... Hortus Botanicus at VU University in Amsterdam (52:33°N, 4:86°E) on every field collecting day to serve as ...
... Hortus Botanicus at VU University in Amsterdam (52:33°N, 4:86°E) on every field collecting day to serve as ...
Genetic identity of interspecific neighbours mediates plant
... research is needed to determine whether the role of genetic diversity in multispecies communities is contingent upon sufficient heterogeneity in the local environment. Such heterogeneity, particularly in the form of grazing intensity and the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, has bee ...
... research is needed to determine whether the role of genetic diversity in multispecies communities is contingent upon sufficient heterogeneity in the local environment. Such heterogeneity, particularly in the form of grazing intensity and the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, has bee ...
Pitfall Trapping as a Method for Studying Populations of Carabidae
... As very small numbers were taken in traps A in this period comparison is restricted to B and C in Table 2 which shows that type B traps took significantly more of the Pterostichus species, while those associated with plants occurred equally in both kinds of trap. This indicates that the larger speci ...
... As very small numbers were taken in traps A in this period comparison is restricted to B and C in Table 2 which shows that type B traps took significantly more of the Pterostichus species, while those associated with plants occurred equally in both kinds of trap. This indicates that the larger speci ...
Biogeography and Zoogeography
... Island Rule Rapoport’s Rule Bergmann’s Rule Allen’s Rule Gloger’s Rule Other Patterns – Latitudinal and Elevation Gradients ...
... Island Rule Rapoport’s Rule Bergmann’s Rule Allen’s Rule Gloger’s Rule Other Patterns – Latitudinal and Elevation Gradients ...
Diversity among Macroalgae-Consuming Fishes on Coral Reefs: A
... fishes in two coral reefs located at a similar latitude in opposite sides of Australia: the Keppel Islands in the Great Barrier Reef (eastern coast) and Ningaloo Reef (western coast). The community of nominally herbivorous fish was also characterised in both systems to determine whether potential di ...
... fishes in two coral reefs located at a similar latitude in opposite sides of Australia: the Keppel Islands in the Great Barrier Reef (eastern coast) and Ningaloo Reef (western coast). The community of nominally herbivorous fish was also characterised in both systems to determine whether potential di ...
SHIFTING PARADIGMS OF THE EVOLUTION OF CAVE LIFE
... and studied different subterranean animals, their work in toto offers a thorough demonstration of how neo-Darwinism can explain the morphology, as well as physiology, ecology, and behavior of subterranean animals. Christiansen (1961, 1965) studied adaptation of cave Collembola (with reduced or absen ...
... and studied different subterranean animals, their work in toto offers a thorough demonstration of how neo-Darwinism can explain the morphology, as well as physiology, ecology, and behavior of subterranean animals. Christiansen (1961, 1965) studied adaptation of cave Collembola (with reduced or absen ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.