Membrane potential synchrony of simultaneously recorded striatal
... states were highly correlated among neurons. Within individual depolarized states, some signi®cant synchronous ¯uctuations in membrane potential occurred, but action potentials were not synchronized. Therefore, although the mean afferent signal across ®bres is highly correlated among striatal neuron ...
... states were highly correlated among neurons. Within individual depolarized states, some signi®cant synchronous ¯uctuations in membrane potential occurred, but action potentials were not synchronized. Therefore, although the mean afferent signal across ®bres is highly correlated among striatal neuron ...
This Week in The Journal Cellular/Molecular The N-Terminal Portion of A 
... Research from the previous decade suggests that word meaning is partially stored in distributed modality-specific cortical networks. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which semantic content from multiple modalities is integrated into a coherent multisensory representation. Therefore w ...
... Research from the previous decade suggests that word meaning is partially stored in distributed modality-specific cortical networks. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which semantic content from multiple modalities is integrated into a coherent multisensory representation. Therefore w ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... ⫺65 ⫾ 5 (SD) mV (n ⫽ 21) and an apparConcentrated stock solution of (⫾)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3ent input resistance that averaged 224 ⫾ 101 M⍀. dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) was prepared in 0.1 M NaOH and diluted in physiological solution to a final concentration of 100–500 M. ACPD was applied As ...
... ⫺65 ⫾ 5 (SD) mV (n ⫽ 21) and an apparConcentrated stock solution of (⫾)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3ent input resistance that averaged 224 ⫾ 101 M⍀. dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) was prepared in 0.1 M NaOH and diluted in physiological solution to a final concentration of 100–500 M. ACPD was applied As ...
text
... Cervico-spinal reflexes attempt to keep the body upright in the gravitational field. With the body leaning to the right and the head now upright in the gravitational field, the neck is tilted (abducted) to the left (Fig. 1B). Joint position receptors in the neck initiate cervico-spinal reflexes; the ...
... Cervico-spinal reflexes attempt to keep the body upright in the gravitational field. With the body leaning to the right and the head now upright in the gravitational field, the neck is tilted (abducted) to the left (Fig. 1B). Joint position receptors in the neck initiate cervico-spinal reflexes; the ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... mechanical stimulator in place of the von Frey hairs for dural stimulation. Using this stimulator to study both threshold and suprathreshold components of sensitization, we observed sensitizing effects on these two response components occurring separately in individual neurons (Levy and Strassman 20 ...
... mechanical stimulator in place of the von Frey hairs for dural stimulation. Using this stimulator to study both threshold and suprathreshold components of sensitization, we observed sensitizing effects on these two response components occurring separately in individual neurons (Levy and Strassman 20 ...
Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... Extracellular recordings were made from ventral roots in the rostral pool with glass suction electrodes. Intracellular recordings were also made from motor neurons or unidentified gray matter neurons in the rostral pool with thin-walled glass micropipettes filled with 4 M K acetate and with resistan ...
... Extracellular recordings were made from ventral roots in the rostral pool with glass suction electrodes. Intracellular recordings were also made from motor neurons or unidentified gray matter neurons in the rostral pool with thin-walled glass micropipettes filled with 4 M K acetate and with resistan ...
Control of a Robot Arm with Artificial and Biological Neural Networks
... Chiel and Beer 1997; Anderson 2003). We do not propose that biological neurons in culture will be able to develop into an effective controller for a robotic system. Neurons are very sensitive to their environment, and can only live in a very narrowly proscribed range of conditions. Outside those con ...
... Chiel and Beer 1997; Anderson 2003). We do not propose that biological neurons in culture will be able to develop into an effective controller for a robotic system. Neurons are very sensitive to their environment, and can only live in a very narrowly proscribed range of conditions. Outside those con ...
The Functional Organization of the Barrel Cortex
... precisely aligned to the anatomical barrel map • dynamic pattern for object localization ...
... precisely aligned to the anatomical barrel map • dynamic pattern for object localization ...
MirrorBot Report 6
... pathways, we will wonder how these motor commands are encoded on a neural substrate, especially in the motor cortex. 2.1.1. Architecture of the motor control system A muscle is constituted of a large set of muscular fibres, innervated by neurons of the spinal cord called motoneurons. Each motoneuron ...
... pathways, we will wonder how these motor commands are encoded on a neural substrate, especially in the motor cortex. 2.1.1. Architecture of the motor control system A muscle is constituted of a large set of muscular fibres, innervated by neurons of the spinal cord called motoneurons. Each motoneuron ...
Motor Pathways
... • Motor equivalence – Individual motor actions share important characteristics even when performed in different ways ...
... • Motor equivalence – Individual motor actions share important characteristics even when performed in different ways ...
Slide 1
... (IV), and abducens nucleus (VI), and reach the extraocular muscles via the corresponding nerves (n. III, n. IV, n. VI). Premotor neurons for controlling eye movements are located in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), rostral interstitial n ...
... (IV), and abducens nucleus (VI), and reach the extraocular muscles via the corresponding nerves (n. III, n. IV, n. VI). Premotor neurons for controlling eye movements are located in the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), rostral interstitial n ...
Hypocretinergic Neurons are Primarily involved in Activation
... Therefore, the hypocretinergic system is well positioned to initiate, maintain and facilitate motor activity by operating directly on motoneurons and/or by modifying the activity of supraspinal systems that are involved in motor functions. A recent study in rats suggested that the activity of the hy ...
... Therefore, the hypocretinergic system is well positioned to initiate, maintain and facilitate motor activity by operating directly on motoneurons and/or by modifying the activity of supraspinal systems that are involved in motor functions. A recent study in rats suggested that the activity of the hy ...
Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. http://fhs122.org
... The sympathetic system is the larger of the two parts of the autonomic system and is widely distributed throughout the body, innervating the heart and lungs, the muscle in the walls of many blood vessels, the hair follicles and the sweat glands, and many abdominopelvic viscera. The function of the s ...
... The sympathetic system is the larger of the two parts of the autonomic system and is widely distributed throughout the body, innervating the heart and lungs, the muscle in the walls of many blood vessels, the hair follicles and the sweat glands, and many abdominopelvic viscera. The function of the s ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION Localization of a vocal pattern generator
... Neurons showing a syllable-correlated activity could be easily distinguished from neurons having no correlated activity by their clear correlation between syllable rate and the distance between the maxima in neuronal activity, as shown in Fig. 2D. The median time between two consecutive syllables wa ...
... Neurons showing a syllable-correlated activity could be easily distinguished from neurons having no correlated activity by their clear correlation between syllable rate and the distance between the maxima in neuronal activity, as shown in Fig. 2D. The median time between two consecutive syllables wa ...
Interneuron Diversity series: Circuit complexity and axon wiring
... path length’ lpath as the average number of monosynaptic connections in the shortest path between two neurons, how does it scale with the network size N? In a completely random network with a sufficiently large number of links per node, lpath can be very short (and the network is a ‘small world’). B ...
... path length’ lpath as the average number of monosynaptic connections in the shortest path between two neurons, how does it scale with the network size N? In a completely random network with a sufficiently large number of links per node, lpath can be very short (and the network is a ‘small world’). B ...
Olfactory tubercle neurons exhibit slowphasic firing patterns during
... to cocaine infusions. Previous studies of slow phasic firing rate data in our laboratory have defined two directions of postinfusion changes in firing rate (increase and decrease) and three different kinds of reversal patterns (early, progressive, and late), which correspond to the time course of th ...
... to cocaine infusions. Previous studies of slow phasic firing rate data in our laboratory have defined two directions of postinfusion changes in firing rate (increase and decrease) and three different kinds of reversal patterns (early, progressive, and late), which correspond to the time course of th ...
Midterm Review Answers
... TTX labeling would be distributed evenly along the entire length of a non-myelinated axon. c) dendrite TTX labeling would not be present because dendrites are passive membranes and thus do not have any voltage dependent channels. The Action Potential 1) A neuron receives a stimulus that, by itself, ...
... TTX labeling would be distributed evenly along the entire length of a non-myelinated axon. c) dendrite TTX labeling would not be present because dendrites are passive membranes and thus do not have any voltage dependent channels. The Action Potential 1) A neuron receives a stimulus that, by itself, ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... + – Present address: University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK ...
... + – Present address: University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK ...
Linking Genetically Defined Neurons to Behavior through a Broadly
... of GFPtox from RC::PFtox requires removal of two stop cassettes, a loxP-flanked cassette excisable by Cre recombinase and an FRT-flanked cassette, by Flpe (Figures 1A–1C). GFPtox action, therefore, should restrict to just those cells having expressed both Cre and Flpe recombinase. Requiring two reco ...
... of GFPtox from RC::PFtox requires removal of two stop cassettes, a loxP-flanked cassette excisable by Cre recombinase and an FRT-flanked cassette, by Flpe (Figures 1A–1C). GFPtox action, therefore, should restrict to just those cells having expressed both Cre and Flpe recombinase. Requiring two reco ...
Rhetorical Mimic: Using Empathy to Persuade
... in your premotor cortex, in this very pragmatic area, appear to give us an intuitive understanding of the actions of other people” (Emphatic Brain, Loc. 206). For rhetoric, I want to suggest that these mirror neurons might hold the key to our inability to resist some types of persuasion while at th ...
... in your premotor cortex, in this very pragmatic area, appear to give us an intuitive understanding of the actions of other people” (Emphatic Brain, Loc. 206). For rhetoric, I want to suggest that these mirror neurons might hold the key to our inability to resist some types of persuasion while at th ...
Resting Membrane Potential
... resting to firing? • The resting membrane potential of a neuron is -70 mV • In order for a neuron to fire a signal, the membrane potential must reach a certain threshold, around -55 mV. • This happens when another neuron stimulates it and allows a few Na+ channels to open and a few Na+ ions enter th ...
... resting to firing? • The resting membrane potential of a neuron is -70 mV • In order for a neuron to fire a signal, the membrane potential must reach a certain threshold, around -55 mV. • This happens when another neuron stimulates it and allows a few Na+ channels to open and a few Na+ ions enter th ...
Large-scale recording of neuronal ensembles
... mation of the neuron’s virtual ‘point source’ location and may place understand the contribution of different neuron types to network the same neuron at different locations, resulting in omission errors activity, they have to be identified. In the hippocampus, several features, such as spike duratio ...
... mation of the neuron’s virtual ‘point source’ location and may place understand the contribution of different neuron types to network the same neuron at different locations, resulting in omission errors activity, they have to be identified. In the hippocampus, several features, such as spike duratio ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... projects toward the brain on the opposite side but also branches to project at least a short distance toward the tail (Fig. 2 A) (Roberts and Sillar, 1990; Li et al., 2001). EPSPs were examined for 15 neuron pairs in which the anatomy of presynaptic RB neurons and postsynaptic dlc interneurons was c ...
... projects toward the brain on the opposite side but also branches to project at least a short distance toward the tail (Fig. 2 A) (Roberts and Sillar, 1990; Li et al., 2001). EPSPs were examined for 15 neuron pairs in which the anatomy of presynaptic RB neurons and postsynaptic dlc interneurons was c ...
Nervous
... The term "upper or lower motor neuron" is actually misleading because these motor neurons are not really motor neurons. Lower motor neurons (a type of second-order neuron) are cranial and spinal nerves. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the CNS (brain or spinal cord), but their axons c ...
... The term "upper or lower motor neuron" is actually misleading because these motor neurons are not really motor neurons. Lower motor neurons (a type of second-order neuron) are cranial and spinal nerves. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the CNS (brain or spinal cord), but their axons c ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.