the requirements of the neuroanatomy exam for dentistry students
... - all the nuclei of all CNs (their location and function); in case of sensory nuclei the cells of origin of their afferent fibres (which ganglion?); in case of somatomotor - muscles in which the efferent fibres terminate; in case of visceromotor nuclei - the way of preganglionic fibres (CN and its b ...
... - all the nuclei of all CNs (their location and function); in case of sensory nuclei the cells of origin of their afferent fibres (which ganglion?); in case of somatomotor - muscles in which the efferent fibres terminate; in case of visceromotor nuclei - the way of preganglionic fibres (CN and its b ...
Neurons eat glutamate to stay alive
... but metabolic switching may serve the chronic need for sustained energy and metabolite supply. Additional electrophysiological studies in the context of the described metabolic switch and in the context of the need for glycolysis as well as further studies on the compartment specificity of these pro ...
... but metabolic switching may serve the chronic need for sustained energy and metabolite supply. Additional electrophysiological studies in the context of the described metabolic switch and in the context of the need for glycolysis as well as further studies on the compartment specificity of these pro ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... as that of impulses from the two sides. We hypothesize that inhibitory input whose strength increases with sound intensity protects nucleus laminaris neurons from losing their sensitivity to interaural time difference with intense sounds. ...
... as that of impulses from the two sides. We hypothesize that inhibitory input whose strength increases with sound intensity protects nucleus laminaris neurons from losing their sensitivity to interaural time difference with intense sounds. ...
Human Physiology/The Nervous System
... has the greatest hyperpolarized action potential threshold. While the axon and axon hillock are generally involved in information outflow, this region can also receive input from other neurons as well. The axon terminal is a specialized structure at the end of the axon that is used to release neurot ...
... has the greatest hyperpolarized action potential threshold. While the axon and axon hillock are generally involved in information outflow, this region can also receive input from other neurons as well. The axon terminal is a specialized structure at the end of the axon that is used to release neurot ...
Lecture 14 - ANS
... • Skeletal muscles are innervated by ACh postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division (instead of NE) • Important because ACh causes dilation of these blood vessels, whereas NE causes constriction of the blood vessels in the abdominopelvic cavity • Thus widespead sympathetic activation leads to ...
... • Skeletal muscles are innervated by ACh postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division (instead of NE) • Important because ACh causes dilation of these blood vessels, whereas NE causes constriction of the blood vessels in the abdominopelvic cavity • Thus widespead sympathetic activation leads to ...
SC&SN-07
... Tract = bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS (mixed) Ganglion = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS Nucleus = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ...
... Tract = bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS (mixed) Ganglion = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS Nucleus = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ...
Nerve Cells, Neural Circuitry, and Behavior
... of nerve cells and map the precise connections between many of them. In this way Ramón y Cajal adduced, in addition to the neuron doctrine, two other principles of neural organization that would prove particularly valuable in studying communication in the nervous system. The first of these has come ...
... of nerve cells and map the precise connections between many of them. In this way Ramón y Cajal adduced, in addition to the neuron doctrine, two other principles of neural organization that would prove particularly valuable in studying communication in the nervous system. The first of these has come ...
6.034 Neural Net Notes
... Of course, you really want back propagation formulas for not only any number of layers but also for any number of neurons per layer, each of which can have multiple inputs, each with its own weight. Accordingly, you need to generalize in another direction, allowing multiple neurons in each layer and ...
... Of course, you really want back propagation formulas for not only any number of layers but also for any number of neurons per layer, each of which can have multiple inputs, each with its own weight. Accordingly, you need to generalize in another direction, allowing multiple neurons in each layer and ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... weight is set to 20 mV.msec to mach the intracellular recordings which revealed a nearly 1 mV of EPSP rise per a single input spike (Mason et al 1991). The membrane potential change of the model neuron was approximated by piece wise linear solution of the differential equation (1). The simulation re ...
... weight is set to 20 mV.msec to mach the intracellular recordings which revealed a nearly 1 mV of EPSP rise per a single input spike (Mason et al 1991). The membrane potential change of the model neuron was approximated by piece wise linear solution of the differential equation (1). The simulation re ...
Dopamine control of pyramidal neuron activity in the primary motor
... Three mice were deeply anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg). They were then perfused transcardiacally with 0.9% NaCl and 1% PFA. Brains were removed, post-fixed in 1% PFA at 4°C for 24h and cryoprotected overnight in 30% saccharose. Brains were serially cut in 6 sets of coronal sections (40 ...
... Three mice were deeply anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg). They were then perfused transcardiacally with 0.9% NaCl and 1% PFA. Brains were removed, post-fixed in 1% PFA at 4°C for 24h and cryoprotected overnight in 30% saccharose. Brains were serially cut in 6 sets of coronal sections (40 ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... peripheral inflammatory pain caused significant changes in the electrophysiological properties (such as AP amplitude and repolarization durations) of somatic DRG neurons. The results imply that action potential firings in primary sensory neurons are not only state-dependent, but ...
... peripheral inflammatory pain caused significant changes in the electrophysiological properties (such as AP amplitude and repolarization durations) of somatic DRG neurons. The results imply that action potential firings in primary sensory neurons are not only state-dependent, but ...
PDF file
... orientation. From the developmental point of view, such an imposition will significantly restrict the system’s ability to learn other perceptual skills. For example, when a square is rotated by 45 degrees, the shape is called a diamond; and the number 6 rotated by 180 degrees is called 9. Some netw ...
... orientation. From the developmental point of view, such an imposition will significantly restrict the system’s ability to learn other perceptual skills. For example, when a square is rotated by 45 degrees, the shape is called a diamond; and the number 6 rotated by 180 degrees is called 9. Some netw ...
Integrator or coincidence detector? The role of the cortical neuron
... most PSPs do not actually contribute to the generation of output signals, and that the number concept, no information can be carried by the precise of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSPs impinging on a neuron. discharges o ...
... most PSPs do not actually contribute to the generation of output signals, and that the number concept, no information can be carried by the precise of relevant PSPs is small compared to the total number of timing of action potentials. Correlations between the PSPs impinging on a neuron. discharges o ...
introduction presentation - Sinoe Medical Association
... neurons, (the afferent division of the PNS): - Cell bodies of sensory neurons are grouped in sensory ganglia. - Sensory neurons collect information about our internal environment (visceral sensory neurons) and our relationship to the external environment (somatic sensory neurons). - Sensory neurons ...
... neurons, (the afferent division of the PNS): - Cell bodies of sensory neurons are grouped in sensory ganglia. - Sensory neurons collect information about our internal environment (visceral sensory neurons) and our relationship to the external environment (somatic sensory neurons). - Sensory neurons ...
The Spinal Cord
... The spinal cord serves three principal functions: 1. conduct information up and down between the brain and periphery. 2. Locomotion, motor neurons in the brain initiate walking and determine its speed, distance, and direction, but the simple repetitive muscle contractions that put one foot in front ...
... The spinal cord serves three principal functions: 1. conduct information up and down between the brain and periphery. 2. Locomotion, motor neurons in the brain initiate walking and determine its speed, distance, and direction, but the simple repetitive muscle contractions that put one foot in front ...
A part of the cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia
... trunk showed a GABA-like immunoreactivity, and there were few GABA-like neurons in the spinal cord. Because their argument was based upon indirect evidence, further direct evidence is needed to elucidate the source of the GABAergic projection to the SCG. The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAch ...
... trunk showed a GABA-like immunoreactivity, and there were few GABA-like neurons in the spinal cord. Because their argument was based upon indirect evidence, further direct evidence is needed to elucidate the source of the GABAergic projection to the SCG. The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAch ...
short communication - Deep Blue
... intrinsic pacemaker system in the ganglion. The nature of many of the changes suggests that at least some of these modulators are tonic elements, normally producing effects over many cycles. Although there is evidence that specific components of a rhythmic cycle may be stimulated or inhibited indepe ...
... intrinsic pacemaker system in the ganglion. The nature of many of the changes suggests that at least some of these modulators are tonic elements, normally producing effects over many cycles. Although there is evidence that specific components of a rhythmic cycle may be stimulated or inhibited indepe ...
Document
... • This may be due to the fact that visceral pain afferents travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers ...
... • This may be due to the fact that visceral pain afferents travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers ...
Initiation of the arousal response
... The brain systems or axes most discussed in this context are those regulating arousal, memory, emotion, motivation, and attention and higher processes, especially working memory and inhibitory functions. Respectively (not exhaustively) these are Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis (HPA) along ...
... The brain systems or axes most discussed in this context are those regulating arousal, memory, emotion, motivation, and attention and higher processes, especially working memory and inhibitory functions. Respectively (not exhaustively) these are Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis (HPA) along ...
Primary afferent neurons of the gut
... detecting and then coordinating complex rhythmic motor movements. ...
... detecting and then coordinating complex rhythmic motor movements. ...
Optic Glomeruli and Their Inputs inDrosophilaShare an
... vs c) were made using the Holm step-down procedure (Holm, 1979) to control the overall type I error level. To test the responses of motion stimuli and static patterns, data were analyzed by two-way repeatedmeasures ANOVA with direction/orientation and time (200 ms before vs 200 ms after the onset of ...
... vs c) were made using the Holm step-down procedure (Holm, 1979) to control the overall type I error level. To test the responses of motion stimuli and static patterns, data were analyzed by two-way repeatedmeasures ANOVA with direction/orientation and time (200 ms before vs 200 ms after the onset of ...
Sensory feedback for upper limb prostheses
... be a set of vibrators located on the forearm or back. Activating different combinations of vibrators are then discriminated as different components of the sensory input (see Jones, 2011). This approach is limited by the number of independent signals that can be processed and perceived by user. The t ...
... be a set of vibrators located on the forearm or back. Activating different combinations of vibrators are then discriminated as different components of the sensory input (see Jones, 2011). This approach is limited by the number of independent signals that can be processed and perceived by user. The t ...
chapt12_lecturenew
... • sense organs receive information about changes in the body and the external environment, and transmits coded messages to the spinal cord and the brain • brain and spinal cord processes this information, relates it to past experiences, and determine what response is appropriate to the circumstances ...
... • sense organs receive information about changes in the body and the external environment, and transmits coded messages to the spinal cord and the brain • brain and spinal cord processes this information, relates it to past experiences, and determine what response is appropriate to the circumstances ...
excitation and inhibition of the reflex eye withdrawal of the crab
... The number of impulses in a spontaneous burst varies from 80 to 180 but the frequency pattern of the burst does not change with the burst length. Initially about 250 impulses/sec, it reaches a peak of about 400 impulses/sec, after 10-20 msec, and then gradually slows down to approximately 200 impuls ...
... The number of impulses in a spontaneous burst varies from 80 to 180 but the frequency pattern of the burst does not change with the burst length. Initially about 250 impulses/sec, it reaches a peak of about 400 impulses/sec, after 10-20 msec, and then gradually slows down to approximately 200 impuls ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.