Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Stereoscopic Display of
... Neofluar 16/0.5 W-Oil, 25/0.8 W-Oil; (5) sequential projection and manual alignment of slides on a digitizer tablet (Fig. 1); (6) drawing and simultaneous digitizing of contours with a data acquisition program (HISDIG); and (7) transformation and reproduction of digitized structures with a transform ...
... Neofluar 16/0.5 W-Oil, 25/0.8 W-Oil; (5) sequential projection and manual alignment of slides on a digitizer tablet (Fig. 1); (6) drawing and simultaneous digitizing of contours with a data acquisition program (HISDIG); and (7) transformation and reproduction of digitized structures with a transform ...
Chapter 49 and 50 Presentations-Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
... This binding is what contraction is—the sliding of actin and myosin fibers past one ...
... This binding is what contraction is—the sliding of actin and myosin fibers past one ...
Now you see it: frontal eye field responses to invisible targets
... The monkeys’ job was to saccade to the location of the target if it was visible, but to withhold the saccade otherwise. Rather than masking the target completely, the authors lengthened the SOA to reduce the effectiveness of the mask. Under these conditions, humans (and presumably monkeys too) find ...
... The monkeys’ job was to saccade to the location of the target if it was visible, but to withhold the saccade otherwise. Rather than masking the target completely, the authors lengthened the SOA to reduce the effectiveness of the mask. Under these conditions, humans (and presumably monkeys too) find ...
What Do Mirror Neurons Mean?
... evidence we have collected so far (which doesn't include emotions-related mirroring neural activity) seems to suggest that the mirror neuron system for actions is enough sophisticated to enable its exploitation for social purposes. Recent results by Csibra and Kalaska (2004)show that neurons in the ...
... evidence we have collected so far (which doesn't include emotions-related mirroring neural activity) seems to suggest that the mirror neuron system for actions is enough sophisticated to enable its exploitation for social purposes. Recent results by Csibra and Kalaska (2004)show that neurons in the ...
The neurotoxic effect of clindamycin - induced
... selective medium for yeast) and modified cefoxitin cycloserine fructose agar (CCFA) (as selective medium for C. difficile) were used in the present study. For the quantification of C. difficile, a sample of 0.1 ml of serial dilution was plated on CCFA and incubated at 37°C for at least 72 h in the a ...
... selective medium for yeast) and modified cefoxitin cycloserine fructose agar (CCFA) (as selective medium for C. difficile) were used in the present study. For the quantification of C. difficile, a sample of 0.1 ml of serial dilution was plated on CCFA and incubated at 37°C for at least 72 h in the a ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... (Korpáš and Tomori, 1979). These periods of asynchrony between laryngeal and respiratory movements seem to be a key to elucidating the interactions among the CPGs of breathing and nonrespiratory behaviors. In the present study, we simultaneously recorded the intracellular activity of the laryngeal ...
... (Korpáš and Tomori, 1979). These periods of asynchrony between laryngeal and respiratory movements seem to be a key to elucidating the interactions among the CPGs of breathing and nonrespiratory behaviors. In the present study, we simultaneously recorded the intracellular activity of the laryngeal ...
Zebrafish primary neurons initiate expression of the
... expression becomes more intense and a distinct group of cells starts to be visible at the anterior tip of the axial mesenchyme in front of the head primordium. This structure is called the ‘pillow’. The exact function(s) and subsequent fate of these cells during the continued development of the embr ...
... expression becomes more intense and a distinct group of cells starts to be visible at the anterior tip of the axial mesenchyme in front of the head primordium. This structure is called the ‘pillow’. The exact function(s) and subsequent fate of these cells during the continued development of the embr ...
Neuronal activity in dorsomedial frontal cortex and prefrontal cortex
... might argue that cells in DMF and PF were affected by stimulus location in nonspatially guided tasks because spatial factors controlled responding in other tasks. The present experiment overcame that problem because stimulus location was never a differential discriminative stimulus for responding. W ...
... might argue that cells in DMF and PF were affected by stimulus location in nonspatially guided tasks because spatial factors controlled responding in other tasks. The present experiment overcame that problem because stimulus location was never a differential discriminative stimulus for responding. W ...
Reflexes. Reaction time.
... • reflex arc: the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action; most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord, this allows quick reactions ...
... • reflex arc: the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action; most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord, this allows quick reactions ...
PDF
... onset and also into control rats. With this tracing, NSCderived neurons were labeled with PRV but not CTB, a pattern suggesting that PRV entered NSC-derived neurons via transneuronal transfer from host motor neurons but not via direct transport from the host musculature. Our results indicate an adva ...
... onset and also into control rats. With this tracing, NSCderived neurons were labeled with PRV but not CTB, a pattern suggesting that PRV entered NSC-derived neurons via transneuronal transfer from host motor neurons but not via direct transport from the host musculature. Our results indicate an adva ...
1 also mediates MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation. In our
... we wanted to better understand how the toxicity occurred on each cellular protagonists. To achieve this aim, we studied separately the toxicity of A? and glutamate and interlinks on each isolated cellular type (motor neurons and human myotubes). We showed that motor neurons were highly sensitive to ...
... we wanted to better understand how the toxicity occurred on each cellular protagonists. To achieve this aim, we studied separately the toxicity of A? and glutamate and interlinks on each isolated cellular type (motor neurons and human myotubes). We showed that motor neurons were highly sensitive to ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... human extensor digitorum muscle. J Neurophysiol 91: 57– 62, 2004. First published September 10, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00650.2003. Short-term synchronization of active motor units has been attributed in part to last-order divergent projections that provide common synaptic input across motor neurons. The e ...
... human extensor digitorum muscle. J Neurophysiol 91: 57– 62, 2004. First published September 10, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00650.2003. Short-term synchronization of active motor units has been attributed in part to last-order divergent projections that provide common synaptic input across motor neurons. The e ...
State-dependent computations - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced
... changes in a series of time-dependent cellular and synaptic properties of the activated neurons that last on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. Thus, if the same brief stimulus is repeated 100 ms later, when neurons are no longer firing (the active state has returned to ‘baseline’), the network ...
... changes in a series of time-dependent cellular and synaptic properties of the activated neurons that last on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. Thus, if the same brief stimulus is repeated 100 ms later, when neurons are no longer firing (the active state has returned to ‘baseline’), the network ...
Nissl substance and cellular structures involved in the intraneuronal
... Each abdominal segment of a crayfish contains two bilateral stretch receptors that consist of a couple of mechanoreceptor neurons, slowly and rapidly adapting, mounted on the corresponding receptor muscles (Fig.1) [11]. Their dendrites branch between muscle fibers and tightly contact to them [12]. M ...
... Each abdominal segment of a crayfish contains two bilateral stretch receptors that consist of a couple of mechanoreceptor neurons, slowly and rapidly adapting, mounted on the corresponding receptor muscles (Fig.1) [11]. Their dendrites branch between muscle fibers and tightly contact to them [12]. M ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... A second population of arcuate neurons is inhibited by leptin and insulin but they become activated when the levels of these hormones are low (insufficient body fat). These cells project axons to neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (Fig. 8, red). Lat- FIG. 8. Hypothalamic influence on caloric e ...
... A second population of arcuate neurons is inhibited by leptin and insulin but they become activated when the levels of these hormones are low (insufficient body fat). These cells project axons to neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (Fig. 8, red). Lat- FIG. 8. Hypothalamic influence on caloric e ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary motor behavior in general25–28. Neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), an output structure of the basal ganglia, send GABAergic projections to principal cells in the superior colliculus and exhibi ...
... known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary motor behavior in general25–28. Neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), an output structure of the basal ganglia, send GABAergic projections to principal cells in the superior colliculus and exhibi ...
Morphological Identification of Cell Death in Dorsal Root Ganglion
... peripheral axotomy than motor neurons, probably because they depend more on neurotrophic molecules released by peripheral target organs [15]. Our study showed that direct reconnection of the proximal nerve stump with its distal stump will reduce the sensory neuronal loss from 42% to 23.7%. In the pr ...
... peripheral axotomy than motor neurons, probably because they depend more on neurotrophic molecules released by peripheral target organs [15]. Our study showed that direct reconnection of the proximal nerve stump with its distal stump will reduce the sensory neuronal loss from 42% to 23.7%. In the pr ...
16-1 INTRODUCTION The ANS regulates many important functions
... to the effector organ where it synapses. B. Stimulation of the effector organ results in excitation or inhibition. C. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconscious control of its effector organs. However it can be influenced by conscious functions (e.g., biofeedback, emotions). ANATOMY ...
... to the effector organ where it synapses. B. Stimulation of the effector organ results in excitation or inhibition. C. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconscious control of its effector organs. However it can be influenced by conscious functions (e.g., biofeedback, emotions). ANATOMY ...
16-1 INTRODUCTION The ANS regulates many important functions
... to the effector organ where it synapses. B. Stimulation of the effector organ results in excitation or inhibition. C. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconscious control of its effector organs. However it can be influenced by conscious functions (e.g., biofeedback, emotions). ANATOMY ...
... to the effector organ where it synapses. B. Stimulation of the effector organ results in excitation or inhibition. C. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for unconscious control of its effector organs. However it can be influenced by conscious functions (e.g., biofeedback, emotions). ANATOMY ...
1) Discuss if NOCICEPTORS are real. 2) Describe the distribution of
... “In aplysia, the first potential nociceptors were identified in the abdominal ganglion but these were originally identified as being low threshold mechanoreceptors. However, if pinned out correctly these siphon innervating cells were shown to have high threshold with maximal activity occurring w ...
... “In aplysia, the first potential nociceptors were identified in the abdominal ganglion but these were originally identified as being low threshold mechanoreceptors. However, if pinned out correctly these siphon innervating cells were shown to have high threshold with maximal activity occurring w ...
12-1 Test Bank Huether and McCance: Understanding
... 23. A nurse recalls characteristics of upper motor neurons include: a. Directly innervating muscles b. Influencing and modifying spinal reflex arcs c. Cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord d. Dendritic processes extending out of the CNS ANS: B Upper motor neurons are completely c ...
... 23. A nurse recalls characteristics of upper motor neurons include: a. Directly innervating muscles b. Influencing and modifying spinal reflex arcs c. Cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord d. Dendritic processes extending out of the CNS ANS: B Upper motor neurons are completely c ...
A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... can drive responses. In the cat, where LGN input to layer 6 may differ in density compared with the primate, physiological studies report that all layer 6 neurons, including corticogeniculate neurons, receive subthreshold geniculocortical input that rarely drives suprathreshold spikes (Ferster and L ...
... can drive responses. In the cat, where LGN input to layer 6 may differ in density compared with the primate, physiological studies report that all layer 6 neurons, including corticogeniculate neurons, receive subthreshold geniculocortical input that rarely drives suprathreshold spikes (Ferster and L ...
NNIntro
... “When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” ...
... “When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.